f1签证怎么申请

有一定难度。

申请美国F1签证的不可预知性

美国大学的就读申请的困难程度是全球皆知的，常常会应为很奇怪的问题拒绝海外学生的申请。通常会有这样那样的问题来拒绝学生的申请，具有很高的不可预知性。

即使学生获得了美国大学的入学申请，那也仅仅是个开始。学生还要与所在国家的美国大使馆进行面签预约。大使馆的面试签证官拥有绝对的权利是否给予申请者签发F1学生签证。这是个相当主观的过程，如果签证官认为申请人具有移民倾向，那即使申请人的材料再怎么真实可靠也不会获得签证。即使被拒签的学生可以有一次的上诉权，但往往也是维持最初被拒签的结果。一旦被拒签，学生就只能等待下一学年的开始，在次重新申请学校，一年的时间就会被耽误。

f1签证申请条件

不航空入境你怎么入境啊，美国的F类签证是签发给进行美国高等教育全日制学习的学生的签证，属于非移民签证。F1签证：是给那些希望去美国学校读书的学生入境的签证，需要得到I20表格后才能申请。F2签证：叫做留学生陪读签证，是给持有F-1签证的国际学生的配偶或21岁以下的子女入境的签证，学生父母并不适用此类签证。

f1签证申请流程

f1签证拒签意味被拒绝去美国的申请。

如果f1签证拒签，但是还需要去美国，则需要马上再次申请，精心准备，还是可以通过的。再次申请签证的时间需要在拒签之后2个工作日以后。需要特别注意材料一定要准备齐全，提前准备好学习计划，并根据自己的情况，判断签证官有可能会问的问题，反复练习，确保不会紧张。

f1签证申请时间

邀请人

1. 邀请函

2. 外国人登录证复印件

3. 与被邀请人间的亲属关系陈述书

4. 被邀请人出境保证书

申请人

1.护照原件及护照照片页面复印件

2. 签证申请表1张（需贴照片）

3. 身份证原件、复印件

4. 户口本原件、复印件

5. 与邀请人间的亲属关系陈述书

6. 非就业保证书

签发对象

符合取得国籍条件，取得（F-5-E和F-5-7）永住资格的中国同胞的2寸以内亲属

※ 取得永久居住权者一个人一年内只能邀请1名，总共不能超过3名

※ 一年间有效的访问居住（F-1, 可以滞留90天）多次往返签证

f1签证申请需要多久

在国内想待多久就待多久，就是5个月后去不了美国了。

f1签证申请费

持有F1签证能在美国工作，但要符合相关规定。

持有F1签证的全日制学生，可以参加学校内的勤工俭学活动，每周不超过20小时。在入学一年后，学生签证持有人可向USCIS申请校外打工许可。如需了解详情，请联系您所在学校的学生顾问。

美国F1签证申请条件

如果您希望在获得美国政府承认的学校(包括获得认证的美国大学或学院、私立中学或获得批准的英语学习项目等等)就读，应申请F-1签证。此外，如果每周学习课程超过18小时，也应申请F-1签证。

f1签证申请延长留美期限

可以一起签。

美国F1签证和F2签证是可以一起进行面签的，不过这也不是绝对的，具体也要按照情况来划分，有的时候会建议F1签证面谈通过以后再进行F2签证面谈。

不过虽然这两个签证是可以一起进行面签的，但是在一起面签的材料准备和过程中还是有一些需要注意的事项，首先在面签的时候需要注意申请人的配偶和家属不得以F类或者M类衍生签证的身份在美国工作，其次申请人的配偶或者是21岁以下的未婚子女是可以在签证主申请人留美期间进行陪伴或者团聚的。

f1签证申请本科需要study plan吗

对于很多想要深造提升专业水平的同学来说，出国留学便是其中一种比较受欢迎的方式，但很多同学对于出国留学的申请流程并不十分清楚，以至于浪费不少时间和精力，申请效率非常低。今天小编来给大家梳理一遍，看看出国留学应该如何准备？

学校选择

留学市场介绍

随着经济全球化和教育国际化时代的到来，我国留学服务行业已进入快速发展阶段，每年有太多中国学生选择出国留学，中国已然成为全世界最大的留学人员派遣国。

各国政策介绍

​​疫情之下，各国留学政策反复无常。为大家梳理热门留学国家（英/美/澳/加/新加坡）的签证及政策变化：包括网课、出入境、签证、录取标准、包机等等丰富内容。不管同学们选择什么国家留学，一定要提前了解相关政策。

英国篇

一、网课

大部分学校已经确定开学日期：9月中旬——十月初，将使用“混合教学方法”，即在线教学和面对面教学的结合。一般开学后lecture（大课）计划通过在线形式进行，tutorial（辅导课）计划通过面授进行。

个别大学有不同的措施：

1、利兹大学

受疫情影响，可能会做出如下调整：灵活的到达日期；第一学期提供一些线上课程；或者推迟线下教学的开学日期。

2、爱丁堡大学

开学时间定在9月21日。官网警告学生，预计申请延期的人会很多，所以大学会设置名额“限制”。

二、出入境

受新冠疫情影响，从2020年6月8日起，英国将对入境的公民和来访者实施新的入境规定。规定包括：

1、入境者需要提供其旅行史和联系方式。

2、入境之后的前14天内需要在所居住的地方进行自我隔离，除非常特殊的情况下，不得擅自离开隔离场所。

三、录取标准

在英国，超过60所大学承认多邻国（Duolingo）成绩（相较雅思而言，多邻国更容易拿到较高的分数）。除此之外，接受雅思拼分、六级成绩、IELTS Indicator的学校数量也在持续增加。

要求降低实例：

伦敦政治经济学院：为中国学生暂免GRE和GMAT的成绩要求。

南安普顿大学接受Duolingo语言成绩，申请者可以享受10%的考试费用优惠。

越来越多的院校确认语言课采用网课模式，同时也接受非UKVI雅思，PTE，Duolingo考试（如UCL，南安，伯明翰等）甚至是大外英语六级考试（如伯明翰）来配读语言课。

四、签证

6月22日，英国各个签证中心全面开放，学生签证办理全面启动。

学生签证：

已经获得Tier 4签证的新生，如因疫情影响无法来到英国，将被允许参加远程学习，学校不需要取消担保。还未申请Tier 4签证，但已经获得Offer的新生，若希望参与远程学习课程，则无需学校发放担保；

签证7月31日之后过期、因疫情影响不能离境英国的人士，也可以直接在英国境内转换长期签证，学生签证的申请者无需返回护照所在国申请；

允许已持有Tier 4签证的留学生在家上网课。无论学生是在英国还是返回其所在国家上网课，都将不会被视为违反签证要求。

工作签证：

PSW签证2021重磅回归，政策放宽、境外学习的学生也可申请该签证;只要在2021年4月6日前入境英国并符合条件，均都有资格申请PSW签证;

自2021年夏天起，作为新“毕业生工作签证（PSW）举措”的一部分，在英国高校获得博士学位的国际学生，毕业后在英国居住和工作的时间从原先的两年延长至三年。

五、​学费减免

学费减免：

据外媒报道，英国约有四分之一的大学将提供“奖励”或“津贴”来吸引更多学生。

杜伦大学：符合条件，在9月份过来，就减免25%学费；

符合条件的约克大学学生，语言课学费降低25%；语言课升读到正课的学生，正课学费减免10%的政策。

六、包机

许多大学已经开始计划包机将国际学生运向英国（单独或联合包机）。

这些英国大学计划单独包机分别是：伦敦大学学院、格拉斯哥大学、博尔顿大学以及赫瑞瓦特大学。

西南部九所大学联合包机-目前最庞大的英国大学联合包机队伍，是由布里斯托大学组织的「西南部大学联合包机」队伍，参与联合包机的大学已经壮大到9所！这些学校分别是：巴斯大学、布里斯托大学、卡迪夫大学、卡迪夫城市大学、埃克塞特大学、普利茅斯大学南威尔士大学、斯旺西大学以及西英格兰大学。

英格兰北部九所大学联合包机-英格兰北部九所大学也正在和海南航空协商在9月和10月提供包机的可能性，这些大学分别是：曼彻斯特大学、谢菲尔德大学、杜伦大学、利兹大学、兰卡斯特大学、约克大学、利物浦大学、曼彻斯特城市大学和索尔福德大学。

美国篇

一、网课

多数高校计划秋季学期正常进行。

根据美国高等教育纪事报Chronicle，26%的学校尚未决定，24%以网课为主，21%以面授为主，16%的学校考虑面授+网课，有4.7%的学校计划全部网课，有2.5%的学校全部课程面授。

二、出入境

身在美国境内的国际留学生，不能全部选择上网课；

身在美国境外的国际留学生，可以在当地选择上网课；

没有回美国返校，但仍上网课的学生，学生身份仍然有效，只需要在SEVIS中保持激活状态；

国际新生入学如果全部上网课，则不会允许入境。

三、录取标准

由于疫情原因，部分美国大学针对SAT/ACT/GRE/GMAT要求作出调整。

实例：

凯斯西储大学宣布：针对2021年秋季入学的学生选择性提交SAT/ACT成绩。MIT也表示对于申请者不再要求提交SAT Subject成绩。

2020年1月份起，加州理工学院取消了申请者提交两份SAT科目考试的要求。在申请审核过程中将不考虑这些部分。同时，这项更改对2021年秋季开始申请Caltech课程的学生有效。

疫情之下，影响了一批还在刷分的学生。针对这样的情况，不少海外大学研究生院，也取消了提交GRE/GMAT成绩的要求。如：南加州大学、东北大学、里海大学、迈阿密大学等等。

四、签证

学签：

即将入读2020年秋季的新生，如果学生要去美国以混合模式上课，学校可以发放I-20；

如果学生要去美国全部线上上课，学校不会发放I-20；如果学生可以进入美国，可以上一门以上的网课，但是还是要同时有in-person的课程；

一旦学生进入美国，开始以混合模式的形式上课，如果之后政策改成全部线上授课，那学生依然可以待在美国，并且学生签证身份有效。但是在政策改成全部线上授课之后，就不允许新生再进入美国了。

已经到达或计划前往美国的学生

已经身处美国或计划前往美国的F-1新生(包括转校生)需要在秋季学期向校园报到，并可以参加在线、面对面或混合课程。

需要延后抵达校园的学生：多地的美国使领馆重新开放，开始处理F-1签证面试等工作。学生如果计划在秋季到校，但需要申请延后抵达，请通过电子邮件向学校发送您的申请，附上预定的签证预约日期等信息。

目前签证最早是明年1月，且随时有变化；需要延后抵达的：需等待领馆签证重新开放后约签顺利方可。

工签：

最新政策规定：自然科学、技术、工程学以及数学这四类学位的外国留学生，在申请OPT时，可以将时间延长，由目前的12个月延长至29个月。

OPT由USCIS审批，是美国政府发给持F-1签证学生的工作许可证。只要完成一学年学习的同学都可申请，在本科、硕士、博士的每一个学历阶段都会有一次申请机会。

H1B签证：硕士及以上学历中签率提高移民局公告H-1B工作签证新规，改变申请程序及筛选方法，其中筛选方式自今年4月1日开始实施。

五、学费减免

为了帮助更多学生秋季学期入学以及缓解学校财政危机，美国一些大学利用“减免学费”来吸引国际学生。

普林斯顿大学：减免所有本科生10%的学费，学费减免至48，500美元。

乔治华盛顿大学：今秋不在学校学生宿舍的本科都将获得10%的学费减免。

威廉姆斯学院：将为2020年入学的所有学生减少15%的“综合费”，包括学费和食宿费用。

​澳洲篇

一、网课

大部分学校将采用：线上线下结合模式。

墨尔本大学：S2开设网课，如果政府放宽禁令会考虑线下授课。

悉尼大学：国内可以网课；入学时间或intake：S2 2020开学日期将延迟3周，新的开学日为Monday24 August并将实施远程在线教学

昆士兰大学UQ：S2，2020年第2学期的Census Date为8月31日,如果学生在10月30日之前退学，将不会受到任何学术惩罚。第二学期将于2020年8月3日（周一）开始，将分为三种授课模式：Internal（校内授课）、Flexible（灵活授课）和远程授课（External）。

二、出入境

澳洲目前对非公民和非永久居民持续关闭边境中。

澳洲公民、永久居民及其直系亲属（配偶、同居伴侶、持有同居伴侣签证者、受抚养人及法定监护人）仍可入境。

澳洲联邦教育部长透露：正在考虑一项针对留学生的特殊豁免政策，计划让留学生提前入境澳洲！

三、录取标准

澳洲大部分学校（包括八大也在语言成绩上降低录取标准）

墨尔本大学：接受duolingo等语言测试：托福，雅思，PTE的有效期延长至3年，暂时接受The TOEFL iBT Special Home Edition version特殊政策：墨大部分学院的课程暂时接受5学期成绩单申请2020 S2或者2021 S1学期入学的课程，针对21年入学的JD不用考LSAT了,申请JD免费。

悉尼大学：接受duolingo等语言测试：临时接受3年内雅思直入；临时认可IELTS Indicator和TOEFL Home Edition考试成绩。

莫纳什大学：接受duolingo等语言测试：接受duolinggo考试配直升班语言，不过无法直入免语言，至少配10周MEB。

四、签证

学签：

重新为澳境外所有地方的学生发放签证。这意味着当边境重开后，学生们就将持有有效签证，且可以立即安排前往澳大利亚学习。

如果国际学生曾因疫情原因无法在原签证有效期内完成学业，可以免费再次申请学生签证。

工签：

对于目前在澳大利亚境外通过网课学习的学生签证持有者，他们这段时间的学习可以纳入申请毕业工作签证（PSW）时所要求的学习时间之内。

曾持有学生签证的毕业生如果因疫情导致无法返回澳大利亚，将有资格在境外申请澳大利亚毕业工作签证。

对于需要提供英语语言成绩的签证申请者，由于疫情期间相关机构和服务受到影响，他们提交语言成绩的截止时间将获得宽限。

五、学费减免&包机

学费减免：

墨尔本大学：学校补贴：根据学生情况最高每人补助7500澳币,8.31之前申请补助。

悉尼大学：学校补贴：根据学生情况有2000-4000澳币的费用返还：在网上完成一学期课程的学生可获最高4,000澳元的学费折扣；延期或停学至下学期的学生可获最高3,000澳元的学费折扣。

包机：

根据堪培拉大学（UC）官微消息，6月18日，该大学联合澳大利亚国立大学组织了一次国际学生返澳试点计划，通过2架包机将700名国际留学生接回当地学校学习。

悉尼、墨尔本和布里斯本的大学也就“国际学生”返回计划与政府进行协商。

加拿大篇

一、网课

大部分大学会采用线上线下课程结合模式。

多伦多大学：9月开学政策将保持不变。计划将较小的校园课程、研讨会、实验室面授课程与较大的在线远程课程以及讲座结合在一起。

不列颠哥伦比亚大学：2020年秋季正常开学，学生数量多的课堂将通过在线方式教学，小一些的课堂会根据隔离法规进行面授。

维多利亚大学：维多利亚大学决定将把2020秋季学期的绝大多数课程放在线上。

二、出入境

加拿大移民局（IRCC）发布了一条关于留学生的旅行禁令。不满足以下两个条件的留学生将无法入境加拿大。

在3月18日边境禁令颁布前获得IRCC的发放的学习许可证（study permit）

证明旅行目的“不是随意的/没有选择的”（non-discretionary or non-optional）

在3月18日之后获得“学生允许”的学生必须遵循加拿大政府颁布的旅行禁令。这些学生将不被允许以旅行或其他原因入境加拿大，直至禁令被取消。

三、签证

学签：

为了让在加拿大境外上网课的留学生尽快获得入学资格，加拿大移民部（IRCC）于7月14日宣布了3项有关学签（study-permit）申请的临时新措施：

为提交完整学签申请（即已经提交所有所需材料）的学生提供优先处理，以保证尽快获批;

实施临时的两个阶段学签审批程序，为无法提交所有的所需文件并选择远程学习的留学生提供入学保障。第一阶段：提交学签申请，表明已被加拿大认可的学习机构录取以及提供资金证明等，学生将收到第一阶段批准的通知。第二阶段：满足所有的条件后（包括提交必要的文件，例如指纹采集，体检和无犯罪证明），学生将获得最终批准。

如果学生已提交学签申请，则在等待学签审批以及海外上网课的时间都可以计入获得毕业后工作许可（post-graduation work permit）的资格。前提条件是学生最终必须获得有效学签，并且保证有50%的课程在加拿大完成。

工签：

即将在今年秋季学期入学的留学生，可以在9月通过加拿大指定教育机构学习在线课程，只要在2020年12月31日前返回加拿大，并继续完成剩余的为期至少2年的课程，仍然有资格获得最多3年的毕业工签。

新加坡篇

一、网课

新加坡国立大学文学暨社会科学院（FASS）发布邮件，告知学生2020学年第一学期课程模式为网络授课，学生可自行选择在自己国家或者来新加坡上网课。本课程所有单元都以研讨课形式进行，并不加以拆分成大班讲堂课和小班辅导课。每班人数一般不超过三十人。

南洋理工：6月2日起将恢复部分课程的线下授课！今年8月正常开学！所有lecture大课的讲座将在线上进行，学生预计将以不超过30人小组的形式到校参加面对面的tutorial答疑和实验室课程

二、出入境

目前，新加坡正逐步重新开放边境，在可控范围内准许一定数量的访客入境进行安全旅行，并施行必要的保障措施，确保公共卫生安全。

声明指出：所有入境访客，包括新加坡公民、永久居民和长期准证持有者(长期准证包括工作准证，学生准证、眷属准证、长期探访准证及已获得IPA长期证件原则批准。)在入境后须在专用隔离设施区域执行14天居家通知。自2020年6月17日晚11点59分起，所有入境访客在结束14天居家通知前须接受冠病检测。

自2020年6月17日起所有从澳大利亚、文莱、香港地区、日本、澳门、中国大陆、新西兰、韩国、台湾地区和越南入境，且入境前14天只造访过上述国家及地区的访客，无须在专用隔离设施区域执行14天居家通知。

三、签证

新加坡大学毕业有工作签证，如果是大学本科毕业以上学历的学生，可以直接申请就业准证(EP)，要求申请人学历要本科以上。

新加坡大学大学毕业后可以在新加坡找一份工作，如果被本地公司录用，就可以去移民局申请就业准证(EP)。获得就业准证的学生在新加坡工作半年之后，可向移民局递交永久居民申请，批准后成为永久居民(PR)。

学历学术要求

1、语言要求

去美国、英国、澳洲、加拿大、新加坡这些热门国家留学，需要提供托福或雅思成绩；如英国，申请本科雅思总分必须在6.0以上，申请研究生需要达到6.5分以上，部分热门专业要求达到7.0。

2、年龄要求

出国留学，留学生年龄必须在18周岁以上，35周岁以下。

3、学术要求

申请本科必须具备高中学历，并且提供高中三年的成绩单，平均分需要在80分以上；申请研究生必须是国内全日制本科毕业生，并且拥有学士学位证，本科4年和最后两年的成绩也必须在80分以上，部分专业要求达到85分以上。

4、其他条件

出国读书，学生身体素质要好，必须符合招生单位给出的体检要求，不得具有传染病以及精神病。

热门留学院校

学校专业选择

留学院校和专业选择是出国留学比较重要的点，两者必须兼顾，才不会有遗憾。

选择原则：

1、首选公立院校

不管是传统的留学热门国家，还是近几年留学新宠，这些国家的高等教育都有公立和私立之分。公立大学的优势是国家财政扶持，学费低，师资好，教学质量高;私立大学自主性强，学生有多种途径可以入学，但学费相对较高，尤其是英美私立名校，一年留学费用大概50万元左右。所以，出国留学选择公里大学性价比更高。

2、看专业

选校最关键是看专业，这关系到未来的求职深造，远比学校的名气重要。国外对名校的概念比中国淡薄，英国和其他西方国家更看重专业。

所以，学生可根据自身条件挑出综合排名和专业排名俱佳的学校作为第一类；专业排名较高，综合排名不高的作为第二类；综合排名较高专业排名不高的作为第三类；剩余为次选。这样分档次共选择5～6所，保证自己稳中求胜。

3、看排名

现在全球比较认可的世界大学排名有两个，一是泰晤士世界大学排名，二是QS世界的大学排名，对比这两个世界大学排行榜，你会发现一些院校排名差距很大，原因是两个排名机构在学校综合评分上的依据不同，泰晤士世界大学排名更看重学校的学术能力，比较适合看重学校教学质量，QS世界大学排名更偏重于毕业后就业率高的院校，可作为重视就业方面学生择校参考。

4、看本土、中国学生数量

学校国际留学生占比高，证明该校比较受世界各国学生认可，但是如果该校中国学生数量比较多，那么最好不要选，因为在中国留学生多的大学留学，与在国内上大学没有什么区别，已经失去出国留学的实际意义。

5、看地域

每个国家的大学都是政治、文化、经济中心地区的教育比较好，但是留学花费也非常高，经济条件有限的学生，需要结合留学国家各个城市消费，选择更适合自己的大学留学。

6、看企业对毕业生的欢迎程度

这个要结合专业，一般企业都比较喜欢从专业领域最强的院校招生，比如：全球科技公司，更喜欢美国计算机领域最强的院校——麻省理工、斯坦福、哈佛、加州理工、卡内基梅隆大学、密歇根大学、佐治亚理工等。专业排名越高的大学，其毕业生越受相应企业欢迎。

下图为苹果在美国院校招聘情况：

十大大热门留学专业及排名院校

TOP10 工程与技术Engineering and technology

工程技术专业是指工程实用技术，也就是在工业生产中实际应用的技术。

留学院校：

TOP9 计算机科学与信息系统Computer science and information system

计算机科学与信息系统专业是培养计算机科学技术能力，能够掌握信息系统分析与信息管理等方面的能力。

留学院校：

TOP8 商业与管理研究Business and Management Studies

商业与管理类专业主要是服务与企业管理方面的应用型商业人才，也属于是商科中的骨干类专业。

留学院校：

TOP7 医学Medicine

医学专业主要是指各种疾病或病变的一种学科，促进病患恢复健康的一种专业。

留学院校：

TOP6 经济学与计量经济学Econometrics

经济学与计量经济学是指通过建立经济计量模型，从而定量分析研究具有随机性特性的经济变量关系的一门经济学学科。

留学院校：

TOP5 法律Law

法律专业每年都是大热专业，主要是为了输送法律行业人才。

留学院校：

TOP4 艺术与人文Arts and Humanities

艺术与人文跨学科专业主要是指研究诸人文学科和社会学科各领域、文化差异特点。

留学院校：

TOP3 建筑学Architecture

建筑学是指研究环境及建筑的学科，同样也是集合建筑与人文艺术的学科。

留学院校：

TO2 机械、航空与制造工程Mechanical,Aeronautical & Manufacturing Engineering

机械、航空与制造工程专业是指培养航空方面运营、规划管理、飞机维修管理、研发制造等人才。

留学院校：

TOP1 会计与金融

会计与金融专业主要培养有关证券、金融、保险、投行等相关专业人才。

留学院校：

留学费用评估

出国留学去不同的国家和城市，花费的费用也有所不同，一定要根据自身家庭的经济状况能否负担得起这笔巨额费用，可以的话再做具体打算。在这里列举一下几个热门国家留学费用，供大家参考。

一、美国

毫无疑问，留学费用最贵的国家就是美国了。

（1）学制：美国本科一般为4年学制，硕士一般为2年学制；

（2）学费：私立大学要比公立大学稍贵一些，私立大学每年学费30-35w，公立大学25w左右！当然，学科不同费用也有所不同，比如商科类，大概需要30万左右。

（3）生活费：如果是在纽约、洛杉矶、波士顿这种繁华的城市，开销是比较大的，房租加上生活费每年大概需要15万左右。

这样算下来，在美国，四年本科大概需要200万左右，两年硕士大概需要100万！

二、英国

（1）学制：英国本科一般为3年学制，硕士一般为1年学制；

（2）学费：本科每年学费20万左右，硕士比本科要贵，每年30w左右；

（3）生活费：伦敦地区和非伦敦地区差异较大，物价比较高，一般在15-25万左右。

虽然学费偏贵，但是英国最大的优势就是学制短，不管本科还是硕士，都比国际标准少一年，这样算下来，就是三年本科大概需要120w，一年制硕士大概需50w左右。

三、加拿大、澳大利亚

加拿大和澳大利亚是很多学生留学移民的首选国家，工作机会也相对较多。

（1）学制：澳加本科一般为3年学制，加拿大硕士一般为2年学制，澳大利亚1-3年；

（2）学费：本科每年学费20万左右，硕士每年25w左右；

（3）生活费：每年在10-15万左右

这样算下来，在澳加国家，本科大概需要100万左右，硕士大概需要80万左右！

四、新加坡

新加坡可以说是留学性价比最高的国家了！

新加坡的学校虽然不如一些欧美国家的大学建校历史悠久，但是新加坡大学的科研学术水平非常高，是亚洲重要的金融、贸易中心之一。

（1）学制：新加坡本科一般为3年学制，硕士一般为1年学制，与英国相同；

（2）学费：这里以新加坡本科直通车项目及一年制专升硕项目为例：

本科每年学费8万左右，一年制硕士20万左右；

（3）生活费：在很多人心目中，新加坡是个发达国家，物价相对较高。但事实上，几乎所有关乎民生的方面，小到菜品、服装，大到房租及购房价格，在发达国家中来说是性价比最高的亚洲发达国家之一。每年生活费大概仅需要5万左右；

这样算下来，在新加坡，3年本科大概仅需要40万左右，1年硕士大概需要25万左右！这要比欧美国家少30%左右。

留学办理流程

签证护照办理

办理护照

只要是中国公民，在国内申请普通护照（自费出国留学应该申请普通护照），应当由本人向其户籍所在地县级以上地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构提出，并提交下列真实有效的材料：

（一）近期免冠照片一张以及填写完整的《中国公民因私出国（境）申请表》；

（二）居民身份证和户口簿及复印件；在居民身份证领取、换领、补领期间，可以提交临时居民身份证和户口簿及复印件；

（三）未满十六周岁的公民，应当由其监护人陪同，并提交其监护人出具的同意出境的意见、监护人的居民身份证或者户口簿、护照及复印件；

（四）国家工作人员应当按照有关规定，提交本人所属工作单位或者上级主管单位按照人事管理权限审批后出具的同意出境的证明；

（五）省级地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构报经公安部出入境管理机构批准，要求提交的其他材料。

现役军人申请普通护照，按照管理权限履行报批手续后，由本人向所属部队驻地县级以上地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构提出。

而常住在国外的中国公民办理普通护照换发或补发等业务，应当由本人（未满十六周岁的公民，应当由其监护人陪同）向负责其所在领区的中国驻外使、领馆提交申请。

根据办理的业务种类，提交相应真实有效的材料。

办理出国留学签证

不同国家，留学签证的办理流程不一样，简单列举一下几个热门国家的留学签证办理，供同学们参考。

一、英国

申请时间：

英国留学签证也不是随便就能办的，必须先拿到学校发的CAS之后才能申请。一般情况下，CAS最早会在开学前6个月发出，但是能办签证最早的时间是开课前3个月。如果顺利的话，一个月之内就能收到了。

根据往年的经验，在读学生如果需要读语言课的话，办理签证的时间在5、6月份，办正课签证的时间是7、8月份。对于不需要上语言课的学生，只要在符合要求的开课前三个月递签就可以。

申请要求：

英国预科留学要求完成高二、高三课程，均分80%及以上，雅思5.0及以上;本科留学要求A-level达到ABB-A*A*A，接受高考分申请的要求总分75%-85%及以上，雅思6.0-6.5及以上;研究生留学要求获得相关学科学士学位，均分75%-80%及以上，雅思6.5及以上。

申请机构：

英国在国内几个主要的大城市均设立了签证申请中心，目前有北京、武汉、上海、杭州、南京、广州、深圳等城市，准备去英国留学的同学可以先地图查看一下哪家申请中心距离比较近，然后再进行预约申请。

1、北京签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：北京市东城区东水井胡同5号，北京Inn，2号楼B座，9层A区，A901至919室

邮政编码：100010

办公时间：08:00—15:00

2、武汉签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：湖北省武汉市武昌区中北路171号汉街总部国际c栋302

邮政编码：430071

办公时间：08:00—15:00

3、沈阳签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：辽宁省沈阳市沈河区北站路61号财富中心A座4层

邮政编码：110013

办公时间：08:00—15:00

4、重庆签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：重庆市渝中区民生路235号海航保利大厦33-B

邮政编码：400010

办公时间：08:00—15:00

5、成都签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：成都市武侯区人民南路四段11号附15号2楼2-1室

邮政编码：610042

办公时间：08:00—15:00

6、上海签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：上海市黄浦区四川中路213号久事商务大厦2层

邮政编码：200002

办公时间：08:00—15:00

7、杭州签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：杭州市江干区钱江路1366号华润大厦A座7楼

邮政编码：310016

办公时间：08:00—15:00

8、南京签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：江苏省南京市建邺区庐山路188号新地中心5层

邮政编码：210019

办公时间：08:00—15:00

9、广州签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：广州市天河区体育西路189号城建广场215室

邮政编码：510620

办公时间：08:00—15:00

10、深圳签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：中国深圳福田区福华一路大中华国际交易广场北门西区25F-11室

邮政编码：518048

办公时间：08:00—15:00

11、福州签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：福州市鼓楼区古田支路60号福晟财富中心15层

邮政编码：350000

办公时间：08:00—15:00

12、济南签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：山东省济南市历下区泺源大街22号中银大厦18层

邮政编码：250012

办公时间：08:00—15:00

13、西安签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：陕西省西安高新区沣惠南路与科技六路交汇处摩尔中心A座1103

邮政编码：710000

办公时间：08:00—15:00

14、昆明签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：云南省昆明市北京路1079号欣都龙城5栋1502B

邮政编码：650000

办公时间：08:00—15:00

15、长沙签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)

地址：湖南省长沙市天心区湘府中路258号鑫远白天鹅酒店二层1-3号会议室

邮政编码：410000

办公时间：08:00—15:00

准备材料：

1、检查所需材料是否齐全，包括：三份申请表(必须签字)、护照(末页签字)、CASStatement、CAS上所列材料、资金证明、其他辅助材料、还有签证费用。

2、所有需提交的原件必须有复印件一份，若是中文原件，而需另备翻译件一份。

3、需要签证照片一张，要求是6个月以内的近照。

办理流程：

1、选择签证中心：

有很多的学生主要按照本人的户口所在地就近选择大使馆。

2、检查资料：

学生在办理签证之前需要检查好各项所需材料，主要包括申请表格，护照，资金证明，还有其他一些辅助材料。

3、排队办理：

同学们来到相应的签证办理地之后，需要去取号，这个时候大家一定要注意学生签证属于其他签证。

4、审核材料：

在被叫到号的时候，同学就需要去相应的窗口递交自己的材料，如果审核没有任何的问题，只需要等待签证结果就可以。

5、付款：

接下来同学就需要去缴费窗口缴纳办理签证的费用。

6、查询签证进度：

通常情况下，办理签证大约会在一个月之内就会出结果，建议大家通过官方网址查询签证的进度情况。

7、采集指纹并且上交材料：

这个过程其实是非常简单的，在采集指纹之前，需要拍一张数码照片，然后进行指纹的采集。

采集完指纹之后，需要拿着指纹的收据递交材料，递交完材料之后，整个签证的流程就顺利完成。

二、美国

申请时间：

1、学生可以在开学前四个月申请签证。

根据美国大使馆的规定，学生可以在开学前四个月内申请签证。如果条件允许，建议学生提前准备签证。对于已经向美国大学申请入学通知书的学生来说，申请签证的时间越早，获得签证的概率越高。

2、4月至6月是申请学习签证的好时机。

每年7月至8月在美国学习的签证率低于4月至6月。主要原因是，由于4月至6月在美国学习的学生人数较少，在美国学习的时间主要集中在办理旅行、探亲和商务签证上。因此，4月到6月是办理留学签证的好时机。

3、一般来说，提前2个月是申请留学签证的最佳时间安排

申请留学签证的最佳时间取决于你自己的时间安排。对于美国签证，通常提前2个月左右申请是合适的，但最多只能提前4个月，因此学生可以根据自己的情况选择合适的时间。

申请条件：

去美国留学首先有学术要求，去美国读本科，要求高中毕业，GPA80以上；申请硕士要求本科毕业，有学士学位证，GPA3.5~3.8；与此同时，读硕士还要具备一定的科研水平，比如参加与申请专业相关的研究项目，在学术期刊上发表论文。

语言要求，本科阶段要求托福成绩不低于75，有些学校和专业要求达到100分以上；研究生阶段要求申请者托福成绩不低于80分。需提供在读证明或最高学历证明，语言成绩单，在校成绩，个人陈述，个人简历，推荐信以及存款证明等。

申请机构：

留美签证必须在美国大使馆办理，可以选择离自己最近的大使馆办理。美国驻华大使馆地址如下：

1、美国驻华大使馆(北京)

签证面谈在两个地点进行，请查看预约信，确定您的面谈地点。

新馆地址：北京安家楼路55号，邮编：100600。

日坛分部：北京建国门外秀水东街2号，邮编：100600。

2、美国驻华总领事馆(成都)四川成都领事馆路4号，邮编：610041

3、美国驻华总领事馆(广州)广州市天河区珠江新城华夏路,(靠近地铁3号线或5号线珠江新城站B1出口)

4、美国驻华总领事馆(上海)上海南京西路1038号梅龙镇广场8楼，邮编：200041

5、美国驻华总领事馆(沈阳)沈阳和平区十四纬路52号，邮编：110003

准备材料：

1、基础材料

申请赴美留学签证所需材料的表格、相关证明、护照（最后一页签名）、中信银行付款单、美国学校录取通知书（可携带多份，最后决定去的将放在最上面）、账簿或家庭关系公证书、家庭照片、中信银行签证费支付收据、SEVIS费用支付文件、I20表、一张照片（6个月内拍摄的2英寸x 2英寸方形彩色正面照片，白色背景。照片必须符合基本要求，否则申请将不予受理）。

2、 DS-160

DS-160确认页：从2010年3月1日起，所有非移民签证申请人必须在线填写表DS-160。DS-160是英文的，但大多数栏目都有中文翻译。要使用中文翻译，您可以在页面右上角的“选择工具提示语言”列中从“英文”更改为“中文”。将光标移动到英文文本上，中文翻译将自动弹出。除了申请人的全名必须用中文填写外，所有问题的答案必须用英文填写。

3、学习证明材料

学习证明（中文和英文）+学生证原件、成绩单（中文和英文）、学位证书（中文和英文），毕业证书（中英文），成绩单+学位证书+毕业证书（中英文学校正式盖章版），学习计划和回国计划，简历，G/T成绩单，获奖证书和作品收藏（艺术作品所需）。

4、家庭相关证书

父母担保书（英文+父母签名）、父母工作收入证明（正式中英文版本）、工作许可证、，您有签证/出国证明、银行存折/公司证明（如需）、银行存折/留学证明，基金/股票证书、房地产（红皮书）、汽车财产（绿皮书）/驾照。

办理流程：

1、拿到I-20表格

I-20表格是跟着学校的录取通知书一起寄给学生的，拿到I-20表格之后先不要着急进行下一步，先要检查一下你的I-20表格中的信息是否准确，是否有错误。

2、缴纳SEVIS费用

SEVIS系统是美国交流访问人员信息管理系统，去美国留学的学生需要交SEVIS系统数据库管理费，目前是350美元每人，交完SEVIS费之后要记得一定要保留缴费收据。

3、准备签证申请材料

拿到I-20签证之后就可以开始准备美国留学签证办理所需要的材料了，美国签证办理所需要的材料有：I-20表、SEVIS费用缴纳收据、护照、2寸白底照片、学校录取offer、毕业证明或在读证明、在校成绩单、语言成绩单、学习计划或工作计划、存款证明、父母收入证明、推荐信、出生证明等材料。

4、在美国驻华大使馆官网上注册

美国留学签证是通过在线申请的，需要进入美国驻中国大使馆的官网，进行注册，然后在官网上找到签证申请。

5、提交申请DS-160表格

DS-160表也就是签证申请表，根据上面的要求在线填写相关信息，要注意的是在填写申请表的时候最好是一次性填写完毕，因为在填写申请表的过程中，一旦未操作时间超过20分钟，申请流程将自动被终止。不过在申请表上会有一个十位的ID号码，记住这个号码，浏览器关闭之后可以凭借这个ID 继续申请，否则就要重头开始申请。

6、缴纳签证申请费

填写完申请表之后，下一步我们要做的就是缴纳签证申请费，现在申请美国留学签证可以在网上直接用支付宝支付，方便了很多，缴费成功之后会生成签证缴费凭据，需要保留。

7、预约面签

交完签证申请费之后，就可以进行预约面签了，具体能预约到什么时候的面签，要看申请的人数，在签证申请高峰期的时候，可能需要等待几天。

8、去大使馆面签

根据预约的时间到大使馆进行面签，面签时一定不能迟到，最好能够早一点过去，面签的时候要携带好上面所说的材料，对签证官问的问题要如实、清晰的进行回答。

9、下签

面签结束之后一般在3-7个工作日就会出结果，拿到签证。

三、澳洲

申请时间：

澳洲移民局官方建议所有申请者最好提前12个星期递交材料，6-8个星期是审理周期。千万不要卡着-8星期的时间办理，因为还要考虑到签证官的工作周期。如果不幸恰逢审理高峰期，或者遇到使馆对递交的材料进行内部评审或调查，签证官休假等各种因素，很有可能签证周期就会变长，需要2个多月，甚至更长。

一般7月入学的学生，5月办理；而2月入学的为12月份办理。给学生家长们留下足够多的时间，应对可能遇到的突发状况。

如果签证官遇到休假、调换工作或者我们最不愿意看到的放法定假日，那么整个申请都会缓慢下来。所以，建议大家提前半年准备签证材料，距离开学3个月就尽早递交申请。如果走电子签，要你的经济情况简单，经济来源复杂的，建议走普签比较稳当

申请条件：

1、学历条件:一般是国内中学生申请澳洲高中留学、高中生申请本科留学、本科申请研究生留学。

2、语言条件:一般来说申请澳洲中学留学雅思总分需要在4.0分以上;申请大学本科雅思总分至少要在6.0分;申请澳洲大学的研究生需要雅思成绩不低于6.5分。

3、成绩条件:一般申请澳洲高中留学，平时成绩需要在75分以上;申请澳洲大学本科，平时成绩需要在70分以

申请机构：

计划到澳洲留学的学生需要去澳大利亚驻华大使馆签证中心办理签证。地址如下：

1、澳大利亚驻中国大使馆

地址：北京市东直门外大街21号，邮编：100600

电话：010-51404111

传真：010-51404162（移民处）；51404292（领事和行政处）；51404230（新闻和文化处）

使馆办公时间：周一至周五9:00～17:00

领事服务：周一至周五8:30～17:00

签证处窗口对外开放时间：

周一至周五9:00～12:00（对个人开放）；周一、二、四、五14:00～16:00（对专员开放）

领事区域：北京市、天津市、河北省。

2、澳大利亚驻中国领事馆

澳大利亚驻上海总领事馆

地址：上海市南京西路1168号中信泰富广场22楼，邮编：200041

领事事务和护照问询电话：021-22155200

传真：021-22155305

签证处地址：上海市南京路1376号上海商城401室，邮编"200040

电话：021-62798098

传真：021-62798022

Email问讯服务：immigration.shanghai@dfat.gov.au

签证处电话问讯服务：周一至周五9:00～12:00，13:30～16:30

签证处柜台对外接待：周一至周五8:30～12:00，13:30～15:30

领事区域：上海市、江苏省、安徽省、浙江省、江西省、湖北省、

3、澳大利亚驻广州总领事馆

地址：广东省广州市珠江新城临江大道3号发展中心12楼，邮编：510623

电话：020-38140111

传真：020-38140112

电子邮件：guangzhou.consular@dfat.gov.au

签证及移民事务办公室地址：

广东省广州市珠江新城临江大道3号发展中心11楼，邮编：510623

电话：020-38140250

传真：020-38140251

电子邮箱：visaenquiries.guangzhou@dfat.gov.au

办公时间：

澳大利亚总领事馆办公室：8:30～17:00

澳大利亚公民事务及护照办公室：8:30～17:00

认证服务对外工作时间：周一至周五15:00～16:00

护照服务对外工作时间：周一至周五9:00～12:00

澳大利亚签证及移民事务部

签证递交：8:30～12:00（星期一至星期五,发展中心11楼）

签证贴签：10:00～11:00（星期一至星期五,发展中心12楼）

电话咨询：14:00～16:30（星期一、二、四、五,逢星期三没有电话咨询服务）

领事区域：广东省、福建省、湖南省、广西、云南省、海南省、贵州省

4、澳大利亚驻香港总领事馆

地址：香港湾仔港湾道25号海港中心23楼

电话：+852-28278881

传真：+852-25854457

电子邮箱：enquiries.hongkong@dfat.gov.au

护照及领事服务（23楼）

办公时间：周一至周五9:00～17:00

护照提交：9:00～16:00

见证文件服务，逢周三9:00～13:00

电话：+852-25854146

传真：+852-25854461

电子邮箱：consular.hkng@dfat.gov.au

签证及移民（24楼）

办公时间：周一至周五8:30～12:30

电话：+852-25854139（周一至周五14:00～16:00）

传真：+852-25854459

电子邮箱：immigration.hongkong@dfat.gov.au

领事区域：香港、澳门

准备材料：

1、二寸照片：需附上二寸照片一张（点击一览照片要求），填写157w表时每一项均须如实填写，即使跟你无关，也请填写n/a（notapplicable）；

2、评审表格：完整填妥的补充评审表格；

3、证书和成绩单：反映你最高学历的证书和成绩单，如果你就读的学校无法提供英文证书和成绩单时，你需要将成绩单及证书拿到翻译公司翻译或去公证处翻译、公证；

4、家庭成员表：完整填妥的家庭成员表；

5、在读的证明：目前在读的证明（英文）：可以向在读学校，但是需要注意的是，学校出具的证明上要包括姓名、出生日期、担任何职务、负责人签名、签发日期等；

6、户口本：户口本（中英文各一份）：由于户籍单位一般无法提供英文版本的户口证明，所以你最好将其送到公证处翻译、公证；

7、经济担保、财力证明；

8、个人简历或学习计划：个人简历或学习计划（英文）：表示，个人简历并没有字数上的限制，但是不可无重点地叙述。不妨写成自传的形式，首先可简单地自我介绍，毕业后至今都在做什么，为何选择赴澳留学及未来的读书计划，如果曾经获得某种荣誉或有特殊事情需要说明，也可一并写上；

9、体检报告：体检报告及x光胸片；

10、入学通知：澳大利亚学校入学通知。

办理流程：

1、准备好留学签证所需材料

首先同学们需要前往DIBP网站查看学生签证材料核对表，将需要准备的材料都仔细筹备好，具体包括——申请表、护照、户口本、身份证、出生公证原件、在读证明或毕业证、COE、学校录取通知、GTE、OSHC保险凭证、存款证明、经济担保信、在职人员还要提交工作简历和工作证明等。

2、提交留学签证材料

从2016年7月1日起，所有的赴澳学生签证申请必须通过移民和边境保卫部(DIBP)的ImmiAccount在线递交。签证申请费可通过个人信用卡支付，不过只能通过澳币支付。

3、等待签证受理

同学们在递交申请后要自行打印体检表格，并到指定的医院体检。体检为3-5个工作日左右，体检医院会自行上传学生的体检报告给澳使馆。

4、等待签证评估结果

以上流程顺利结束后只需要耐心等待使馆发放预评估通过通知，一般需要等待1-2个月左右。为了缩短签证审批时间，同学们在签证申请递交时一定要附上所有所需文件，如果未能提交所有文件，很可能会导致审批延迟或拒签。

5、收到签证通知书

等到使馆正式发来签证通过通知书，即VISAGRANTNOTICE。

四、加拿大

申请时间：

1、加拿大留学签证申请的时间会比较长，大约在2~3个月才出签。

2、申请者如果准备的签证材料齐全，签证中心的审理时间是1~3个月。

3、准备材料比较好的申请者可以在1-2个月可以出签。

4、如果说申请者的英语能力比较好，并且符合相关条件，就可以走s ds的话或者sp p计划，前者最快3~4周可以出签，后者只需要两周出签。

申请条件：

1、身份健康、品行优良。有的学校要求申请者提供本人居住地警察机构出其的品德证明。

2、足够的经费。留学生必须有可靠的经济来源，凡由亲友提供资助者，必须担保人有能力提供资助的公证书，资助金额需银行证明，由单位或国家负责资助者，需提供证明，获加拿大奖学金者需提供奖学金提供单位的证明。

3、学位学历证书和资格证明，以及大学期间的成绩单。

4、英语、法语水平。

申请机构：

加拿大驻华大使馆

1、加拿大驻华大使馆

地址：北京市朝阳区东直门外大街19号

电话：010-51394000

传真：010-51394449

电子邮件:beijing-immigration@international.gc.ca

2、加拿大驻上海总领事馆

地址：上海市南京西路1788号国际大厦8楼

领区：上海、浙江、江苏、安徽

电话:021-32792844

传真:021-32792892

电子邮件:shanghai-im-enquiry@international.gc.ca　3、加拿大驻广州总领事馆

地址：广州市流花路中国大酒店商业大厦801室

领区：广东、广西、福建、海南

电话:020-86116100

传真:020-86116196

电子邮件：ganzug@international.gc.ca

4、加拿大驻重庆总领事馆

地址：重庆市渝中区五一路大都会商厦17楼

领区：重庆、四川、贵州、云南

电话：023-6373800

传真：023-63738026

电子邮件:chonq@international.gc.ca

5、北京签证申请中心

地址：北京市东城区东直门南大街11号中汇广场A座12层

邮编：100007

热线电话：010-57636878

网址：

电子邮件：infopek.cacn@vfshelpline.com

6、上海签证申请中心

地址：上海市徐家汇路555号2楼广东发展银行大厦

邮编：200023

热线电话：021-63901830,021-63901221

电子邮件:infosha.cacn@vfshelpline.com

7、广州签证申请中心

地址：广州市天河区体育西路189号城建大厦3楼351室

邮编：510620

热线电话：020-38898475,020-38898476

电子邮件:infocan.cacn@vfshelpline.com

8、重庆签证申请中心

地址：重庆市渝中区青年路77号J.W万豪酒店国贸中心3楼3U-6

邮编：400010

热线电话：023-63721388

电子邮件:infopek.cacn@vfshelpline.com

准备材料：

1、入加学生签证申请2份（本人填写）。

2、家属表1份。

3、父母表1份（须有父母签字）。

4、家庭成员教育和就业细节表1份。

5、学生签证申请KIT-SUPPLEMENT#1财务概述1份。

6、学生签证申请KIT-SUPPLEMENT#2调查表1份。

7、入学通知书原件及复印件。

8、加拿大学校发出的申请人学费收讫凭证。

9、护照原件或复印件。

10、身份证复印件4份。

11、最近六个月的2寸照片4张。

办理流程：

第一步：准备好本站列出的加拿大留学签证所需材料清单。

第二步：到就近的加拿大签证中心递交申请，不需要预约，也不需要面试。

第三步：交费，等待签证结果。

目前留学签证的审理周期一般为2-3个月，在签证中心柜台提交申请，申请受理费只接受人民币现金付款，请根据您的签证类别，准备相应的现金申请受理费用。

五、新加坡

申请时间：

新加坡留学签证一般需要6周至8周左右的时间，一般情况下，越早申请，效率也就越高，出结果就会越快，毕竟此时的申请者还不是那么多。最快的录取是周五发出申请，下周一就拿到录取通知，只有两天的时间，当然也有慢的，最慢需要两个月的时间。

申请要求：

1、申请者首先必须被一所合法的新加坡学校录取才能开始全日制课程的学习

2、申请者须有足够的资金来支付学费与生活费用，并提交相关证明文件

3、申请签证必须有一位当地担保人。当地担保人必须是年满21岁的新加坡公民或永久居民或者是申请者所报读的学校。

4、学生准证的申请必须在课程开始日期之前的2-6个月之间递交

申请机构：

学生拿到学校的offer后，需要向新加坡移民局（ICA）提交是学生准证申请。学生准证获批后，ICA会出具In-Principle Approval (IPA) letter给到学生，学生用IPA和护照入境新加坡。IPA Letter并不是学生准证，只能用于首次入境新加坡，不能重复使用IPA Letter入境。

学生抵达新加坡后，需要带齐相关材料，预约到ICA换取学生准证。这个SP是多次往返的长期居留证。凭这个学生准证，申请者可以在新加坡留学期间自由出入新加坡并且不需要另外的签证。

准备材料：

1、2寸护照型照片6张；

2、填写完整的英文入学申请表（注明选择的课程项目代码和名称）；

3、申请人的出生公证书原件1份，复印件2份；申请人的户口薄单页及申请人身份证（如果有）复印件各2份；

4、申请人的最高学历或者在读证明公证书原件1份，复印件2份；

5、申请人的最高学历或者在读成绩单公证书原件1份，复印件2份；

6、16万人民币以上的至少6个月定期存款的银行存款证明公证书；除9-A公证的存款之外的其他银行存款单，银行存折薄（如有）；

7、申请人的护照首页复印件2份；

8、如果申请人已经有工作，需要提供：

申请人的工作证明STATEMENT和由单位开具的工作证明信复印件3份（写明性别，出生日期，在该单位工作起始时间及目前任职）；

申请人的商业注册证明（营业执照）复印件3份（如果是自雇人士）；

申请人近三个月的月工资记录，原件1份，复印件2份（提供工资条即可，但需要单位盖章，如果没有工资条， 提供工资明细表也可以）；

9、如果申请人已经结婚需提供：

申请人配偶的工作证明STATEMENT和由单位开具的工作证明信复印件3份（写明性别，出生日期，在该单位工作起始时间及目前任职）；

申请人配偶的商业注册证明（营业执照）复印件3份（如果是自雇人士）；

申请人配偶近3个月的月工资记录原件一份，复印件2份（提供工资条即可，但需要单位盖章，如果没有工资条，提供工资明细表也可以）。

办理流程：

第一步：申请人在申请新加坡签证之前需要先向新加坡教育部领取入学表格。

若想进入新加坡顶尖的院校，则需要通过。考试分为。通过后，学生会得到，允许他们。相反，他们只能申请其他类型的院校。通过学生申请过，学校会在证明信上注明学生的入学。

第二步：申请人参加在新加坡教育部举行的资格考试，考试形式分为英语、数学和中文三门。通过资格考试的学生将获得教育部颁发的证明信，并能进入优秀的政府学院。而未通过的学生可以选择性的选取其他院校。

第三步：学生申请成功的院校将会在证明信填写学生的入学通知或水平测试成绩，并寄回新加坡教育部。

第四步：新加坡教育部接受到院校的证明信后，将会向准留学生发出关于缴纳教育基金的通知。准留学生只有在规定的时间内缴纳金额，就能得到院校的录取通知书。最终凭借录取通知书，与新加坡国民与登记局办理申请学生证的手续。

第五步：准学生在到新加坡一个月内必须领取学生准证，并在院校校长同意下办理入学手续。

常用申请材料

入学申请表

很多大学入学前需填写申请表（Application Form），在与学校取得联系后，学校便会寄来入学申请表、奖学金申请表、财力证明表等表格。申请人必须仔细填写好这些表格。

下图为美国大学入学申请表：

推荐信

推荐信（Recommendation Letter），推荐信是必须的留学申请材料之一。推荐信是由申请人以前的老师或单位领导来写，目的是推荐申请人入学和申请奖学金。推荐信是国外院校了解申请人的重要依据，一般要求申请人提供2-3封推荐信。

个人简历

个人简历（Resume），个人简历是申请国外留学以及奖学金资助不可少的一份材料。申请大学入学及奖学金，要准备一份合适的个人简历。把自己的教育背景、实践经历、校内外兼职经历、课外活动等一目了然地加以呈现，一定会对有好处。

英语成绩

英文考试成绩单（English Test Report），按照学校的要求，申请人应向学校提供官方语言成绩（雅思）、GRE，GMAT成绩单。

存款证明

存款证明（Bank Statement），一般来说存款证明的金额至少要涵盖第一年的费用，由于各院校及各个专业费用不尽相同，预计约30-50万。除存款证明外一些学校也会要求申请者出具资助人的签名信件或要求资助人填写相关的资助表格来证明资助人有意愿、有能力为申请者提供足够的资金来完成学业。

个人陈述

个人陈述（Personal Statement），个人陈述是在申请过程中按照学校的要求写一篇有关申请人过去背景，目前成就和未来目标的文章，一篇成功的个人陈述不但应语言流畅，而且文章逻辑严谨，层次分明，能充分显示申请人的才华并抓住审阅人的注意力。

学历证明

国内学习成绩单及学历证明（Official Transcripts），申请入大学一年级的人，需要提供中学成绩单。申请读大学插班的学生，需要提供中学成绩单及转学前大学成绩单，申请读硕士学位或博士学位的学生，则需提供大学本科的成绩单及以后就读各种学校的成绩单。无论哪种成绩单，都需要由学校管理学生成绩的部门出具并由申请人寄给美国大学。

注意事项

1、建议出行前理清相关事项并整理好相应物品：

记录好学校地址、联系人或接机人姓名、电话;准备好少量零钱、国际信用卡、汇票或旅行支票；准备好护照、签证、机票、学校录取通知书、健康证、学历等重要资料及复印件；带好手机、笔记本电脑等通讯工具。带上相关电子产品的变压器、转换插头、插线板，常用药品，衣物，个人证件照片及一些常用电脑软件。

2、留出充裕的时间到达口岸办理各类出境检查手续，这需要留学生朋友和亲属引起注意。

3、出行之前仔细检查护照、签证等是否带齐。有些“老留学生”在假期回国后，办理了新护照，在返校时多次出现因仅持有新护照，而忘记携带贴有有效签证的老护照而难以通关的现象。提醒有这类情况的留学生，贴有有效签证的旧护照也要随身带，以免影响出境行程。

同时，须注意不能私自揭下旧护照上的签证贴在新护照上，这属于出入境违法违规行为，视为无效证件。

4、据海关规定，出境时，携带现金别超过2万元人民币或者折合等于5千美元的外币现钞。如果要超出这个标准，需要向海关事先申报，否则一经查出将会被处以相应的行政处罚。

5、很多家长担心孩子出国生活不适应、不方便，给孩子准备了很多食品及生活用品，结果导致行李超重，因此在过关时将被处以不菲的罚金。所以，切记随身行李每人不能超过20公斤。

6、提前了解目的国关于携带物品的有关限制，以免蒙受损失。有的留学生总想带点国内的特产出国，但有的物品是所到国家禁止入境的。例如，澳大利亚禁止携带乳制品、蛋制品、肉类制品等入境。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于很多想要深造提升专业水平的同学来说，出国留学便是其中一种比较受欢迎的方式，但很多同学对于出国留学的申请流程并不十分清楚，以至于浪费不少时间和精力，申请效率非常低。今天小编来给大家梳理一遍，看看出国留学应该如何准备？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoIYdAKkaou6kaxYTWvcTFehnBP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学校选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqoSdS2IIoy2YkxOKJ1cMMBanLc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学市场介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnstyBpsPaxEGiDJ35F7Shp6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着经济全球化和教育国际化时代的到来，我国留学服务行业已进入快速发展阶段，每年有太多中国学生选择出国留学，中国已然成为全世界最大的留学人员派遣国。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PicIdgAOyoUaGAx6bexcizOnnZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2248,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"留学市场介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3277f10b102f4e9b8d1f970584c8230a","width":3372},"text":"","id":"C0WYduQSeo0s8exo0jLcFaRWnhI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"各国政策介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M262dE44Cowe6Gx85llchy6Rnkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"​​疫情之下，各国留学政策反复无常。为大家梳理热门留学国家（英/美/澳/加/新加坡）的签证及政策变化：包括网课、出入境、签证、录取标准、包机等等丰富内容。不管同学们选择什么国家留学，一定要提前了解相关政策。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oc4kdOU68oEisuxsNVqcHSeynpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英国篇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ca64deG0AoOC4QxuscGc4yB6nlf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":429,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"各国政策介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/099a151360224bdb9dd6b4578443dedb","width":650},"text":"","id":"KMKkdIKM6ok4QAxsZVHcdjKXnmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、网课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L4eYdUMCeogm0mxSE6ocGR7AnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分学校已经确定开学日期：9月中旬——十月初，将使用“混合教学方法”，即在线教学和面对面教学的结合。一般开学后lecture（大课）计划通过在线形式进行，tutorial（辅导课）计划通过面授进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PceMdUKwQoSamwxUJ6VctrX6nYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"个别大学有不同的措施：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8u0dWYmgogw6yx6GF5cQGWTnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、利兹大学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X8yqdUM4coKgkkxoxE9cfZWLncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"受疫情影响，可能会做出如下调整：灵活的到达日期；第一学期提供一些线上课程；或者推迟线下教学的开学日期。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UgGGdsAaSoWGMyxGQ2jcNytdnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、爱丁堡大学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MQwMdySCYoY80Oxuo97cSAiEnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"开学时间定在9月21日。官网警告学生，预计申请延期的人会很多，所以大学会设置名额“限制”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AKiedCkeIoKeUyx89Dzc6yCjn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、出入境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IE0Gdg40Goo2CqxQFpwcDGwznFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"受新冠疫情影响，从2020年6月8日起，英国将对入境的公民和来访者实施新的入境规定。规定包括：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEMadAg46o6g2kxukoEcChIpn5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、入境者需要提供其旅行史和联系方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zuqkdg40YoKEguxO2nIcf3Ghnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、入境之后的前14天内需要在所居住的地方进行自我隔离，除非常特殊的情况下，不得擅自离开隔离场所。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoKSdcaQao2swUxs7HycLcLxnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、录取标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAcYd64Sqoo4Sux0Qu4cOTuhnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在英国，超过60所大学承认多邻国（Duolingo）成绩（相较雅思而言，多邻国更容易拿到较高的分数）。除此之外，接受雅思拼分、六级成绩、IELTS Indicator的学校数量也在持续增加。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAMgdmqGeowEyWxo5nacVBiNnMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要求降低实例：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W6Kwdgg6soge24xa8Iwc6TB1n1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"伦敦政治经济学院：为中国学生暂免GRE和GMAT的成绩要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSiCdIqeAo60iWxAvKXcaTeNnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"南安普顿大学接受Duolingo语言成绩，申请者可以享受10%的考试费用优惠。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OsWYdyQEuoMcUKxe0vwc5E5Ondg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"越来越多的院校确认语言课采用网课模式，同时也接受非UKVI雅思，PTE，Duolingo考试（如UCL，南安，伯明翰等）甚至是大外英语六级考试（如伯明翰）来配读语言课。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L2s4dIs8Somo24xIT4Lc2cxOnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、签证","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4Ead4sseoYagOxwfDpcjIsfnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6月22日，英国各个签证中心全面开放，学生签证办理全面启动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TY2Wdq2CIooAsaxO2Z7cHca4nxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学生签证：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YAQqdGeWco0wmSxsv2IcqbWWn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"已经获得Tier 4签证的新生，如因疫情影响无法来到英国，将被允许参加远程学习，学校不需要取消担保。还未申请Tier 4签证，但已经获得Offer的新生，若希望参与远程学习课程，则无需学校发放担保；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UKgCdMUsEowy4IxsRxjcYYlqncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"签证7月31日之后过期、因疫情影响不能离境英国的人士，也可以直接在英国境内转换长期签证，学生签证的申请者无需返回护照所在国申请；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JMGadqCCCoooe2x0YK6c5b6dnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"允许已持有Tier 4签证的留学生在家上网课。无论学生是在英国还是返回其所在国家上网课，都将不会被视为违反签证要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J02edoQA4oqgWYxUdIzc5mOnnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作签证：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iacod6quOoS2yqxUXZecZ3Apn5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PSW签证2021重磅回归，政策放宽、境外学习的学生也可申请该签证;只要在2021年4月6日前入境英国并符合条件，均都有资格申请PSW签证;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JioCdWG4WoQUqKxo386cZvl9n3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自2021年夏天起，作为新“毕业生工作签证（PSW）举措”的一部分，在英国高校获得博士学位的国际学生，毕业后在英国居住和工作的时间从原先的两年延长至三年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WSSidWwckooKCWx8PJEcTexbnmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、​","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"学费减免","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WYimdeqgAoyCaMx27FDcWjG9n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学费减免：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CGsodCAMEoOuGwxQtE0czAQgnpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"据外媒报道，英国约有四分之一的大学将提供“奖励”或“津贴”来吸引更多学生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IQg0dicyioUmaGxCUALcHkx2nPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"杜伦大学：符合条件，在9月份过来，就减免25%学费；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W08mdCyOGoc02YxQfGScwjkwnBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"符合条件的约克大学学生，语言课学费降低25%；语言课升读到正课的学生，正课学费减免10%的政策。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQSwdyQIcoAm2kxIvKrceRQunBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、包机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RyMAdAG8QomUkgx4HqjcHfaUnZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"许多大学已经开始计划包机将国际学生运向英国（单独或联合包机）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JK42dqKmSo6UEGxiWYec4qBvnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些英国大学计划单独包机分别是：伦敦大学学院、格拉斯哥大学、博尔顿大学以及赫瑞瓦特大学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RiYSdIqGmoYccGx4bkgcYilInsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"西南部九所大学联合包机-目前最庞大的英国大学联合包机队伍，是由布里斯托大学组织的「西南部大学联合包机」队伍，参与联合包机的大学已经壮大到9所！这些学校分别是：巴斯大学、布里斯托大学、卡迪夫大学、卡迪夫城市大学、埃克塞特大学、普利茅斯大学南威尔士大学、斯旺西大学以及西英格兰大学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OwuKdoUYmokycgxILFociI4Mnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英格兰北部九所大学联合包机-英格兰北部九所大学也正在和海南航空协商在9月和10月提供包机的可能性，这些大学分别是：曼彻斯特大学、谢菲尔德大学、杜伦大学、利兹大学、兰卡斯特大学、约克大学、利物浦大学、曼彻斯特城市大学和索尔福德大学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUi8dyiguoYigIxQYJmcfin8nuk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美国篇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgoSdI4AUoIWMwxwbxwcDHdmnIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"各国政策介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e632a734d66e427b80bc3d709debf81b","width":400},"text":"","id":"Nw60dkAamoieUCxQ9E5cBaqQnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、网课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAMud4OYuoACgyxQtpYcgqdGnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"多数高校计划秋季学期正常进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RyKUdiIM4oKGEGxAxvyc16PBnwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据美国高等教育纪事报Chronicle，26%的学校尚未决定，24%以网课为主，21%以面授为主，16%的学校考虑面授+网课，有4.7%的学校计划全部网课，有2.5%的学校全部课程面授。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C62UdGoaAoCoWcxhhQucS9zNnLY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、出入境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4qedaa2UoOGyoxmcSCcJXYEnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"身在美国境内的国际留学生，不能全部选择上网课；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ms08dKC6koGOkIxIboBcJYY8nfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"身在美国境外的国际留学生，可以在当地选择上网课；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N6USdSEeUo6CIgx0oG9cv9EcnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"没有回美国返校，但仍上网课的学生，学生身份仍然有效，只需要在SEVIS中保持激活状态；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAcedaSmaog0KCxavQAcBYLUns7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"国际新生入学如果全部上网课，则不会允许入境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nicqd44sioeIawxQPitcR1nfnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、录取标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WIQ6dOaQAoo82sxQz4mchkx5nke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于疫情原因，部分美国大学针对SAT/ACT/GRE/GMAT要求作出调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4eudEwGqoyaCqxOG8OcVmOOn3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实例：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PMwYda4q6oAo2Ux29Zdc4urgn7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凯斯西储大学宣布：针对2021年秋季入学的学生选择性提交SAT/ACT成绩。MIT也表示对于申请者不再要求提交SAT Subject成绩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DmiydwagmogAKixyc5VcCWvBn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年1月份起，加州理工学院取消了申请者提交两份SAT科目考试的要求。在申请审核过程中将不考虑这些部分。同时，这项更改对2021年秋季开始申请Caltech课程的学生有效。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0cadEuiioCmK4xknSKcwcnbnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"疫情之下，影响了一批还在刷分的学生。针对这样的情况，不少海外大学研究生院，也取消了提交GRE/GMAT成绩的要求。如：南加州大学、东北大学、里海大学、迈阿密大学等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L8k2ducMKoC0guxgNjgcoCGXnic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、签证","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GQCYd2Gm0oMQ8Yx26WXcun1qnys"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学签：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RAqyd6ms8oQq2Ix8gsXcGmPxnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即将入读2020年秋季的新生，如果学生要去美国以混合模式上课，学校可以发放I-20；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CagMd40w0oIa4Gx0wabc7RZXntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果学生要去美国全部线上上课，学校不会发放I-20；如果学生可以进入美国，可以上一门以上的网课，但是还是要同时有in-person的课程；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A0iOd8MwQougagxWoWaclBRMnrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一旦学生进入美国，开始以混合模式的形式上课，如果之后政策改成全部线上授课，那学生依然可以待在美国，并且学生签证身份有效。但是在政策改成全部线上授课之后，就不允许新生再进入美国了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AwqcdOceuoo2KExO2HCclFVBnEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"已经到达或计划前往美国的学生","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ACgudiwo0ooWI0xEPPlcYHWUnif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"已经身处美国或计划前往美国的F-1新生(包括转校生)需要在秋季学期向校园报到，并可以参加在线、面对面或混合课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMaMdu8g2o4IGuxiC8pc0oufnSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要延后抵达校园的学生：多地的美国使领馆重新开放，开始处理F-1签证面试等工作。学生如果计划在秋季到校，但需要申请延后抵达，请通过电子邮件向学校发送您的申请，附上预定的签证预约日期等信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UsW8d04YWowYcexiEpBcbOSnnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前签证最早是明年1月，且随时有变化；需要延后抵达的：需等待领馆签证重新开放后约签顺利方可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AM6qdC2aIoqQQWx0kU3cqeQfnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工签：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WO4sdKSKaoUgokxcJvvcGwjinjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最新政策规定：自然科学、技术、工程学以及数学这四类学位的外国留学生，在申请OPT时，可以将时间延长，由目前的12个月延长至29个月。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D2CWdgysioEkC0xkXO3cXeIJnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"OPT由USCIS审批，是美国政府发给持F-1签证学生的工作许可证。只要完成一学年学习的同学都可申请，在本科、硕士、博士的每一个学历阶段都会有一次申请机会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AiugdMSggowwcKxkrSRctpqRnkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"H1B签证：硕士及以上学历中签率提高移民局公告H-1B工作签证新规，改变申请程序及筛选方法，其中筛选方式自今年4月1日开始实施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D2gadMYWsoIaa6x23wIcR6Gpnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、学费减免","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsKSdOc84o2UAoxmeFacsizWnWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了帮助更多学生秋季学期入学以及缓解学校财政危机，美国一些大学利用“减免学费”来吸引国际学生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KquqdAYwQoc6uKx8RqpcEca5nSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"普林斯顿大学：减免所有本科生10%的学费，学费减免至48，500美元。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A2IIdwOY8oq6koxw558cEVCxnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乔治华盛顿大学：今秋不在学校学生宿舍的本科都将获得10%的学费减免。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KEMKdiguqoKqioxyYNacX2fJnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"威廉姆斯学院：将为2020年入学的所有学生减少15%的“综合费”，包括学费和食宿费用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XocidQCUKocEEIxcrK8cGnUjndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"​澳洲篇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQAYdQoqyoUqg0xwxcAcgZSZn3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"各国政策介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60448a6d67104c88aa42efca6af4fa55","width":640},"text":"","id":"YK6ydQ004oO8G6xgL98cfrQonLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、网课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qwo4dOkSwoQqKKx8DK4c6LaGn43"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分学校将采用：线上线下结合模式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pk6GdIYecoqUmMxsPmYcHUWtnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"墨尔本大学：S2开设网课，如果政府放宽禁令会考虑线下授课。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUMQducIioGkiKxSyVVc7DGGnvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"悉尼大学：国内可以网课；入学时间或intake：S2 2020开学日期将延迟3周，新的开学日为Monday24 August并将实施远程在线教学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAgad6CqQoeyU0xCkGVcf4AWn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"昆士兰大学UQ：S2，2020年第2学期的Census Date为8月31日,如果学生在10月30日之前退学，将不会受到任何学术惩罚。第二学期将于2020年8月3日（周一）开始，将分为三种授课模式：Internal（校内授课）、Flexible（灵活授课）和远程授课（External）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6Uid2GyAoC8SOxc3b2crjGcnCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、出入境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FyMQdYMwEoSWymxyYzWcPrPKnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"澳洲目前对非公民和非永久居民持续关闭边境中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WEeKdCMqCoQekmxaSypcX34KnDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"澳洲公民、永久居民及其直系亲属（配偶、同居伴侶、持有同居伴侣签证者、受抚养人及法定监护人）仍可入境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcS4deyqkoqKsUxopiVccwRdnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"澳洲联邦教育部长透露：正在考虑一项针对留学生的特殊豁免政策，计划让留学生提前入境澳洲！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E4Q0dWq4gosKcwxw93qc7wtpn5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、录取标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZGCWd0Icuo4KCUxikdZcjtC6nx7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"澳洲大部分学校（包括八大也在语言成绩上降低录取标准）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyeMdmkY0o2oQsxukW2ckuqBnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"墨尔本大学：接受duolingo等语言测试：托福，雅思，PTE的有效期延长至3年，暂时接受The TOEFL iBT Special Home Edition version特殊政策：墨大部分学院的课程暂时接受5学期成绩单申请2020 S2或者2021 S1学期入学的课程，针对21年入学的JD不用考LSAT了,申请JD免费。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FCIGdC6WaoMsqOxegAtcpV94n1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"悉尼大学：接受duolingo等语言测试：临时接受3年内雅思直入；临时认可IELTS Indicator和TOEFL Home Edition考试成绩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OkWadKgIQoQGAYxoZQKc5a76nWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"莫纳什大学：接受duolingo等语言测试：接受duolinggo考试配直升班语言，不过无法直入免语言，至少配10周MEB。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GQ4udsmSaoeGQoxMTBocYGjXnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、签证","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BUeKdwGquoGWs0xkR9rcKAgontg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学签：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jq2gdUG40oSyGWxKswUchcyvn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重新为澳境外所有地方的学生发放签证。这意味着当边境重开后，学生们就将持有有效签证，且可以立即安排前往澳大利亚学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C2G4d6AAAoG4UcxeG3Wc65mznif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果国际学生曾因疫情原因无法在原签证有效期内完成学业，可以免费再次申请学生签证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkSidAS8WoayASxQdnGcYtmenJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工签：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZiGedaYoEoIMe8xG2fRc5D8qnVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于目前在澳大利亚境外通过网课学习的学生签证持有者，他们这段时间的学习可以纳入申请毕业工作签证（PSW）时所要求的学习时间之内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQCQdSso6ocysqx2lIHc9lzunvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"曾持有学生签证的毕业生如果因疫情导致无法返回澳大利亚，将有资格在境外申请澳大利亚毕业工作签证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWUIdIKwcosoeKxWGcRc3Aqbnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于需要提供英语语言成绩的签证申请者，由于疫情期间相关机构和服务受到影响，他们提交语言成绩的截止时间将获得宽限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TAcsdkKeCom8MExkNb2cSLOcn1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、学费减免u0026包机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uma4dsC2QoayCix2xiHcaFMsnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学费减免：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JWImdogCEo2ESgxkXS3c08lcnPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"墨尔本大学：学校补贴：根据学生情况最高每人补助7500澳币,8.31之前申请补助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ey86dEuQUo8AscxOUbqctJ01nVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"悉尼大学：学校补贴：根据学生情况有2000-4000澳币的费用返还：在网上完成一学期课程的学生可获最高4,000澳元的学费折扣；延期或停学至下学期的学生可获最高3,000澳元的学费折扣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KeSad2CW6oWAw6xQbkqc32wNnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包机：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nk6UdYccqooKmWx0mRucb7Nmnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据堪培拉大学（UC）官微消息，6月18日，该大学联合澳大利亚国立大学组织了一次国际学生返澳试点计划，通过2架包机将700名国际留学生接回当地学校学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MswUdYM8QoKiAexWC4JcMtuNnSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"悉尼、墨尔本和布里斯本的大学也就“国际学生”返回计划与政府进行协商。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OM4yd6WuEo2cooxWKAGcxDnvnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加拿大篇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGCedK4Geog2CWxgtErcX6RsnUh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":632,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"各国政策介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/25d0df8d78ef44abab98cd40be3e6be1","width":1000},"text":"","id":"Is0wds2y4oeio0xAXc3c7JH3nie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、网课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LMOcdIOkUoi0ywxgXYUc3eexnXu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分大学会采用线上线下课程结合模式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mm6sd6GK8oMk8oxEJWfc7Gqmn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"多伦多大学：9月开学政策将保持不变。计划将较小的校园课程、研讨会、实验室面授课程与较大的在线远程课程以及讲座结合在一起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pg0wdKAauo80ogxqSiFcEJqanCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不列颠哥伦比亚大学：2020年秋季正常开学，学生数量多的课堂将通过在线方式教学，小一些的课堂会根据隔离法规进行面授。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VGCIdqOEEo4ia2xqyARclZtpnYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"维多利亚大学：维多利亚大学决定将把2020秋季学期的绝大多数课程放在线上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUQAdcKEuo4sogxw1TYcPUq1nHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、出入境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWAwdEE2Kou6mkxG6fZcUlY8ngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加拿大移民局（IRCC）发布了一条关于留学生的旅行禁令。不满足以下两个条件的留学生将无法入境加拿大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QcmadqAIioW6ISxKCtCcK6cynVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在3月18日边境禁令颁布前获得IRCC的发放的学习许可证（study permit）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FSWedyOyAo0q6ExAXqFcjVABnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"证明旅行目的“不是随意的/没有选择的”（non-discretionary or non-optional）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zugmd88qqo08mmxcHk6cpQbLnXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在3月18日之后获得“学生允许”的学生必须遵循加拿大政府颁布的旅行禁令。这些学生将不被允许以旅行或其他原因入境加拿大，直至禁令被取消。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CW4cdYguIoewC0xsVlxczVz5n0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、签证","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGO2dK8KQowykuxWWwIclCSenqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学签：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PIeqduI6co6AIcxQt7Oc1FlRnkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了让在加拿大境外上网课的留学生尽快获得入学资格，加拿大移民部（IRCC）于7月14日宣布了3项有关学签（study-permit）申请的临时新措施：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DiaYdqQ20o4EuwxoZomcvFhyn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为提交完整学签申请（即已经提交所有所需材料）的学生提供优先处理，以保证尽快获批;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A6Iad2Su8oYMOCxyknncYHn4nub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实施临时的两个阶段学签审批程序，为无法提交所有的所需文件并选择远程学习的留学生提供入学保障。第一阶段：提交学签申请，表明已被加拿大认可的学习机构录取以及提供资金证明等，学生将收到第一阶段批准的通知。第二阶段：满足所有的条件后（包括提交必要的文件，例如指纹采集，体检和无犯罪证明），学生将获得最终批准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KK0Odsm8ioaiQMxu8tRcCRQ2n7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果学生已提交学签申请，则在等待学签审批以及海外上网课的时间都可以计入获得毕业后工作许可（post-graduation work permit）的资格。前提条件是学生最终必须获得有效学签，并且保证有50%的课程在加拿大完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QEQQdeCSeoU4sixIzBMc2JA4ngX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工签：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GM0idMIo2oUeECxOn48cqCienrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即将在今年秋季学期入学的留学生，可以在9月通过加拿大指定教育机构学习在线课程，只要在2020年12月31日前返回加拿大，并继续完成剩余的为期至少2年的课程，仍然有资格获得最多3年的毕业工签。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TaS8dwccKockE8xG7bmcpZxDnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新加坡篇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PykWdQgQWoW06KxWquQcop7HnSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":788,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"各国政策介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c43ce62b80d646b8a1d5223ce19d7cb0","width":1440},"text":"","id":"GGk2dscegooUMWxaIPDcGrpDnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、网课","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CYCOdGAqioUo6sxQl1Jckq8onwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新加坡国立大学文学暨社会科学院（FASS）发布邮件，告知学生2020学年第一学期课程模式为网络授课，学生可自行选择在自己国家或者来新加坡上网课。本课程所有单元都以研讨课形式进行，并不加以拆分成大班讲堂课和小班辅导课。每班人数一般不超过三十人。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkkEdaUqWoyuCOxUzvacqSSjnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"南洋理工：6月2日起将恢复部分课程的线下授课！今年8月正常开学！所有lecture大课的讲座将在线上进行，学生预计将以不超过30人小组的形式到校参加面对面的tutorial答疑和实验室课程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oasedc6GOoESw2xCy9Oc2UxBn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、出入境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O060d2WCKos6guxeOtlcQYbKnXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，新加坡正逐步重新开放边境，在可控范围内准许一定数量的访客入境进行安全旅行，并施行必要的保障措施，确保公共卫生安全。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MMMgdukKuose4WxwDticPZGindb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声明指出：所有入境访客，包括新加坡公民、永久居民和长期准证持有者(长期准证包括工作准证，学生准证、眷属准证、长期探访准证及已获得IPA长期证件原则批准。)在入境后须在专用隔离设施区域执行14天居家通知。自2020年6月17日晚11点59分起，所有入境访客在结束14天居家通知前须接受冠病检测。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IUyCd8A6iogSqQxofbBcOAWunlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自2020年6月17日起所有从澳大利亚、文莱、香港地区、日本、澳门、中国大陆、新西兰、韩国、台湾地区和越南入境，且入境前14天只造访过上述国家及地区的访客，无须在专用隔离设施区域执行14天居家通知。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2mcdWSEKoGCk0xy0jFcAhrknNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、签证","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ik06dSmQyoAGAUxusOQcDF1gn5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新加坡大学毕业有工作签证，如果是大学本科毕业以上学历的学生，可以直接申请就业准证(EP)，要求申请人学历要本科以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMgEdKY0goiAaCxgsFcc8u1fnqQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新加坡大学大学毕业后可以在新加坡找一份工作，如果被本地公司录用，就可以去移民局申请就业准证(EP)。获得就业准证的学生在新加坡工作半年之后，可向移民局递交永久居民申请，批准后成为永久居民(PR)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EcoCdouQko2uYGxdbM1cuoDFnFT"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学历学术要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOcsdaGgWoYemMxmsifcdLQinZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、语言要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WYyydEYmUoO4YIxmIYycOpnGnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"去美国、英国、澳洲、加拿大、新加坡这些热门国家留学，需要提供托福或雅思成绩；如英国，申请本科雅思总分必须在6.0以上，申请研究生需要达到6.5分以上，部分热门专业要求达到7.0。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hkyqdeq8koMCo4xmeBmcb67cnHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、年龄要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aq22dMU0UosKuUxOS2VcSoBinmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出国留学，留学生年龄必须在18周岁以上，35周岁以下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BK0SdqYGOokmmoxU9NlcRcf3ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、学术要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O88GdCUeaogMyKxofXlcMs0VnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请本科必须具备高中学历，并且提供高中三年的成绩单，平均分需要在80分以上；申请研究生必须是国内全日制本科毕业生，并且拥有学士学位证，本科4年和最后两年的成绩也必须在80分以上，部分专业要求达到85分以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcKkdaMWco4Eo2xUhflcosT5nsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、其他条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D42Cdo4MCoCEAGxIXugcNiTBnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出国读书，学生身体素质要好，必须符合招生单位给出的体检要求，不得具有传染病以及精神病。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6wCdYc4mo6m0exG5Jjcbq1Onpb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":574,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学历学术要求","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/247b61ebc49148208689098d0fa398ff","width":861},"text":"","id":"TqiAdcoQYow6gWx4szQcbLpinxb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"热门留学院校","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEMMdqG8YowsmwxoZCPcqPk5nBf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学校专业选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REsCdcCsUoqk08xYPSmcJMqknvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校和专业选择是出国留学比较重要的点，两者必须兼顾，才不会有遗憾。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ay4GdwMS0oykAexYt6yc3tfynYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QWCydSYcCoCeGSxOcLscVo8CnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首选公立院校","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8Eed8mWYo2uQ0xrPl6cCjo3nyk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不管是传统的留学热门国家，还是近几年留学新宠，这些国家的高等教育都有公立和私立之分。公立大学的优势是国家财政扶持，学费低，师资好，教学质量高;私立大学自主性强，学生有多种途径可以入学，但学费相对较高，尤其是英美私立名校，一年留学费用大概50万元左右。所以，出国留学选择公里大学性价比更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CK2SdmMoyoWes6xIK7Pc2ipRnCV"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":571,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学校专业选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/53e62f939e76462eb6f2d9d4d237444f","width":640},"text":"","id":"IOO8dym8IoYoi0xSCVDcpv7dnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、看专业","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECKSdWOw6omgScxuCdNcJgcznYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选校最关键是看专业，这关系到未来的求职深造，远比学校的名气重要。国外对名校的概念比中国淡薄，英国和其他西方国家更看重专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W6y6dyW0koQga4xw704cfdp1n9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，学生可根据自身条件挑出综合排名和专业排名俱佳的学校作为第一类；专业排名较高，综合排名不高的作为第二类；综合排名较高专业排名不高的作为第三类；剩余为次选。这样分档次共选择5～6所，保证自己稳中求胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWsEdCaYsoS8a2xAjr0cjugOnKc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1053,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学校专业选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/53cdcdbb95c84144b85c12bc9edcfee6","width":828},"text":"","id":"SCa6dWOYMoyWU8xyotpcjwxsnUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、看排名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DKosdwMuUo8W0Sxc1cKc7vEXnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在全球比较认可的世界大学排名有两个，一是泰晤士世界大学排名，二是QS世界的大学排名，对比这两个世界大学排行榜，你会发现一些院校排名差距很大，原因是两个排名机构在学校综合评分上的依据不同，泰晤士世界大学排名更看重学校的学术能力，比较适合看重学校教学质量，QS世界大学排名更偏重于毕业后就业率高的院校，可作为重视就业方面学生择校参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RiU0dUcywowYKuxGCA6cECRync8"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":878,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学校专业选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecc643fed26a4671a77ab0a443e43864","width":1080},"text":"","id":"UyIYdkEQooiUMox6qb0cooQAnTf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学校专业选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c973fc34380949a4bf9396d7f27a2ffb","width":530},"text":"","id":"HCwQdKgAKoyCiQx2Dzdcf7DGn3c"}],"text":"","id":"OU4cdOqOEoswMyxwxthcv2aMnF3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、看本土、中国学生数量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OU4cdOqOEoswMyxwxthcv2aMnF3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学校国际留学生占比高，证明该校比较受世界各国学生认可，但是如果该校中国学生数量比较多，那么最好不要选，因为在中国留学生多的大学留学，与在国内上大学没有什么区别，已经失去出国留学的实际意义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSmcdoOSIokWUqxWkhQcSfsfnJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、看地域","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HE8EdKCyEogky6xuBKucteJUnux"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每个国家的大学都是政治、文化、经济中心地区的教育比较好，但是留学花费也非常高，经济条件有限的学生，需要结合留学国家各个城市消费，选择更适合自己的大学留学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsEmdkwmGoae8ExOqIkczjNtn3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、看企业对毕业生的欢迎程度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sa8udAKqkoyAqsxwVCUcZS88nBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个要结合专业，一般企业都比较喜欢从专业领域最强的院校招生，比如：全球科技公司，更喜欢美国计算机领域最强的院校——麻省理工、斯坦福、哈佛、加州理工、卡内基梅隆大学、密歇根大学、佐治亚理工等。专业排名越高的大学，其毕业生越受相应企业欢迎。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAmedW8oKokgW6x4vK8cAnm8nLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图为苹果在美国院校招聘情况：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0m6deEWooSImExYZF3c0Rbsntc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学校专业选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b284c39f695c4927ad215965d80e5c75","width":674},"text":"","id":"CgQMdaIC8oGasSxoV63clIzVngh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IuW0dQEyIoQuwexm2YHcWRDTn2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z6gedyQqkoSkuIxALMBc0Zcankd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TOP10 工程与技术Engineering and technology","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKqmd2euKoYygux6IGhcXUQunIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工程技术专业是指工程实用技术，也就是在工业生产中实际应用的技术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BGgydGomyo40kAxRTFAcm1Gxniq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCSydi260ooYWSxUvvgc9PtpnHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":506,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c0c31c235594f528794e4b786206531","width":641},"text":"","id":"WCK4dM0WqoA2QcxGYxXcdbsanZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TOP9 计算机科学与信息系统Computer science and information system","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zk2AdWksYoasmmxMtkscdY0Unac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"计算机科学与信息系统专业是培养计算机科学技术能力，能够掌握信息系统分析与信息管理等方面的能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JMusdA2OmoMA4Oxs9mycHYaxnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TAmkdKgUmoSMOexI1E6cgir6nQh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":496,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b85d932aa808409097c4829782bc1621","width":641},"text":"","id":"ZaCudgekko8cE2xaSgic6VlTn7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W2aEdyw8Ooo26kxktFDc9DXAnhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TOP8 商业与管理研究Business and Management Studies","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WeKmduAMCos4iyxIXgNcNGTinEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"商业与管理类专业主要是服务与企业管理方面的应用型商业人才，也属于是商科中的骨干类专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CaawdQ2GOooiKWxi8QEcH2cynkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKcmdg8OcoWAuaxMbJQcQY4Mn3d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":506,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/126d704b903045999af2b06095e92a0f","width":641},"text":"","id":"Xy0QdEYMaoMmSmxwT7IcDhaOnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TOP7 医学Medicine","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V6IudOi4io4wyuxywPqcwFDSngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"医学专业主要是指各种疾病或病变的一种学科，促进病患恢复健康的一种专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B2YmdIsiIo6gW0xMpkfcVZcjnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSwwdw8ayoMCkQxCOrWcqfFinRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":499,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d5fa418a41b4706a69830fe89a7c408","width":641},"text":"","id":"TqgOdew8UoAg86xOiWbczPM6n5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XkIed6Ec6oE2MsxicZJcrl12nMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TOP6 经济学与计量经济学Econometrics","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W2OAdQ6IKoCiESxNQDac9EmMnIJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经济学与计量经济学是指通过建立经济计量模型，从而定量分析研究具有随机性特性的经济变量关系的一门经济学学科。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MMM6dcCKUoQuMUxu2awcI9uqnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RS0YdeM4soMkAsxyCc2czR9fnWe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":501,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a2e27df85c44937830db27dd37752e9","width":641},"text":"","id":"RiMOdGkaGoMqo2xvRQUcBTqOnbK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ok0CduwaqogScqxa61xcCnHlnWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TOP5 法律Law","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NkisdSkekogwkqxo3yJcMYflnTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"法律专业每年都是大热专业，主要是为了输送法律行业人才。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UucEdGy6QoUcEwxeQoOc0UTtnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CswEdAEAuoSIIUxkBX2cNdF1nmf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":508,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/302a07fe52ba4beb9c56391a1e9b9f86","width":641},"text":"","id":"JUosdKscgoikKaxst1gcP5xXnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSwadMesQoyWKuxSCTncN51Vnrg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TOP4 艺术与人文Arts and Humanities","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UCegdUawGois4Ox4GDXcfx5Enpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"艺术与人文跨学科专业主要是指研究诸人文学科和社会学科各领域、文化差异特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2EmdqUW6oyaecxkZT1c3w25nFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L4cMdgWY8oU0EMxUr5KciJFBn6c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":507,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5152f861694c4b618c07b3989d513a47","width":641},"text":"","id":"J6IGdAawyoyimax2ReWcXc8cnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSWYdayWEoYCiWxgLdYcyPtdnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TOP3 建筑学Architecture","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WS6MdKeQ8osykoxS6fvc19xtnbF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建筑学是指研究环境及建筑的学科，同样也是集合建筑与人文艺术的学科。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSMqdkaKeo0iycx5aaIcFmb1ndx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkCUdceOwok8eex0V3KchxZNnL3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":505,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4a42c1f21494fedbec4139939de1280","width":641},"text":"","id":"VGEydKkCuoEaSsxSwE6ccl5Mn0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WyyQds0mEo2s6UxgJilcdSsvnRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TO2 机械、航空与制造工程Mechanical,Aeronautical u0026 Manufacturing Engineering","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKAudGekIokcqsxko5DcA5Fenbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"机械、航空与制造工程专业是指培养航空方面运营、规划管理、飞机维修管理、研发制造等人才。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUsMdIK24o6uuGx2XF8c8VODnZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IuQSdmCcyowCWaxuskNcwOhDnOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":499,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/38b2d2ef070f452a97f44871789f2947","width":641},"text":"","id":"XYyAdami2ockK8xim21cwBPpnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z04WdW0aSomKU0xMXFHcIGJ4nyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TOP1 会计与金融","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HYYedWe2Aoe8kkxWAVHcZkWlneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会计与金融专业主要培养有关证券、金融、保险、投行等相关专业人才。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BeYydoKmsoOk4wxklfAc9bV8nXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学院校：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ro6OdAwIIoAIOYxMJM0cqLzqnyd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":501,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"十大大热门留学专业及排名院校","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb7bff35d9264b29872f2137c5c96266","width":641},"text":"","id":"XgG4due0UooK8qxaeqscYw2rnNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学费用评估","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ts8GdeGssoiWW8xyEXYcFr86nvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出国留学去不同的国家和城市，花费的费用也有所不同，一定要根据自身家庭的经济状况能否负担得起这笔巨额费用，可以的话再做具体打算。在这里列举一下几个热门国家留学费用，供大家参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8WMdSwiQoEEOAxXgcEcpCddnNB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、美国","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U6UwduYaaoaUsgxgRxNcnCIdnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毫无疑问，留学费用最贵的国家就是美国了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4MkdGmAIoKe8uxSwyMcyjHSnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）学制：美国本科一般为4年学制，硕士一般为2年学制；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0CmdiuiGo28s4xGkWScrtOTnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）学费：私立大学要比公立大学稍贵一些，私立大学每年学费30-35w，公立大学25w左右！当然，学科不同费用也有所不同，比如商科类，大概需要30万左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L4yGdweO6okOaexglGMcYh23n4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）生活费：如果是在纽约、洛杉矶、波士顿这种繁华的城市，开销是比较大的，房租加上生活费每年大概需要15万左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rm8Ed6m2soiK6Ixi4M0cQumTnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这样算下来，在美国，四年本科大概需要200万左右，两年硕士大概需要100万！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ts0kdc8aYoo40yxiAhQcxQZhngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、英国","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8WMdKKuOoa8kIxkd3ocG0aJnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）学制：英国本科一般为3年学制，硕士一般为1年学制；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKa8dE6wcoc0QQx8npOcrI5fnZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）学费：本科每年学费20万左右，硕士比本科要贵，每年30w左右；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ca48dms6Qo4OuCxcxl0cJOMMnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）生活费：伦敦地区和非伦敦地区差异较大，物价比较高，一般在15-25万左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R8eGdIW6Mo4ekgx67wPcF7LznOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然学费偏贵，但是英国最大的优势就是学制短，不管本科还是硕士，都比国际标准少一年，这样算下来，就是三年本科大概需要120w，一年制硕士大概需50w左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SE6AdOAe4oyIYkx4CKjc2g7Ontd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、加拿大、澳大利亚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OAKedQE2soQGQGxncuPc6yG3nNo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加拿大和澳大利亚是很多学生留学移民的首选国家，工作机会也相对较多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YySedeMUGoaKWyx2bYycPqoFnrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）学制：澳加本科一般为3年学制，加拿大硕士一般为2年学制，澳大利亚1-3年；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BGAgdMEuSoEo62xwrfOcvLTVnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）学费：本科每年学费20万左右，硕士每年25w左右；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ek4kdeUKooGUc2xKgiIczUYVnKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）生活费：每年在10-15万左右","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BOKodGUe8oOoOux4OJHc4D8DnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这样算下来，在澳加国家，本科大概需要100万左右，硕士大概需要80万左右！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiAAdEMg8o0SAMxKUqzc17BWnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、新加坡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E24qdyaAuo8Go2xo7wycNlMmnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新加坡可以说是留学性价比最高的国家了！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MGe2d0woMogsswxyuiXc0rjvnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新加坡的学校虽然不如一些欧美国家的大学建校历史悠久，但是新加坡大学的科研学术水平非常高，是亚洲重要的金融、贸易中心之一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PIQydyWgqoYEw8xYHWecDcGanBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）学制：新加坡本科一般为3年学制，硕士一般为1年学制，与英国相同；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqA6dKmGyoOkouxKrbccoDUtnbW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）学费：这里以新加坡本科直通车项目及一年制专升硕项目为例：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8s8dsM6UooskIxiUPccvTjTnmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本科每年学费8万左右，一年制硕士20万左右；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LAYsd2YEYosKCYxCiRUcLbdwnmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）生活费：在很多人心目中，新加坡是个发达国家，物价相对较高。但事实上，几乎所有关乎民生的方面，小到菜品、服装，大到房租及购房价格，在发达国家中来说是性价比最高的亚洲发达国家之一。每年生活费大概仅需要5万左右；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UsqUdKKuMo2S8AxaycfcclPAnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这样算下来，在新加坡，3年本科大概仅需要40万左右，1年硕士大概需要25万左右！这要比欧美国家少30%左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MskwdeW2Yo4Eqgx2dPYcYcwLnfc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"留学办理流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEuIdG4WWok6KExwVWlcvGn9nph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"签证护照办理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cmoud4wAGocySixsdLFcwUSRn4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"办理护照","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DiKKd2GcIoEMeWxqykncI7lYnkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只要是中国公民，在国内申请普通护照（自费出国留学应该申请普通护照），应当由本人向其户籍所在地县级以上地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构提出，并提交下列真实有效的材料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LOm8dQCCOoaQc6xcTMMcVmkrngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（一）近期免冠照片一张以及填写完整的《中国公民因私出国（境）申请表》；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T6U6dqqCeocsqIxy4gUc2yiHn5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（二）居民身份证和户口簿及复印件；在居民身份证领取、换领、补领期间，可以提交临时居民身份证和户口簿及复印件；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OQYudcmS4ok6GwxC4PFcp9FIn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（三）未满十六周岁的公民，应当由其监护人陪同，并提交其监护人出具的同意出境的意见、监护人的居民身份证或者户口簿、护照及复印件；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BY4odso0Oo8qgExXtX6crLIenOp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（四）国家工作人员应当按照有关规定，提交本人所属工作单位或者上级主管单位按照人事管理权限审批后出具的同意出境的证明；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sae4dcwkcoW2K2xSS9ecjqn8nAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（五）省级地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构报经公安部出入境管理机构批准，要求提交的其他材料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcM4dioSaoEYw6xIMA6cHwtonkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现役军人申请普通护照，按照管理权限履行报批手续后，由本人向所属部队驻地县级以上地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构提出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nuy6dAucgoOsEUxI9w0cfSCRnxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而常住在国外的中国公民办理普通护照换发或补发等业务，应当由本人（未满十六周岁的公民，应当由其监护人陪同）向负责其所在领区的中国驻外使、领馆提交申请。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuqidaEAgoseOEx6zIScuoyqn8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据办理的业务种类，提交相应真实有效的材料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAacd4EowoYQEGx0iNecFg9Ynme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":696,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"办理护照","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe83103c95034d40a6af18110b0c2ad5","width":1423},"text":"","id":"WGKadyGqCo2w6QxuoCwcsBdanRc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"办理出国留学签证","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cgw0dK8Eooo6uyxqqNgc3A2in2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同国家，留学签证的办理流程不一样，简单列举一下几个热门国家的留学签证办理，供同学们参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pq24dWYmEo8c8OxUbE8cLUknnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、英国","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DCgEd2kesouUwcxy2DycYtITnBc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":726,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"办理出国留学签证","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5704f66bc86456b80577de29f98a4e5","width":1080},"text":"","id":"DWEMdooEKoIEAKxC4D4c7Umsn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请时间：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EIqGdSYGWoOeyyxKQSwc00gMnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英国留学签证也不是随便就能办的，必须先拿到学校发的CAS之后才能申请。一般情况下，CAS最早会在开学前6个月发出，但是能办签证最早的时间是开课前3个月。如果顺利的话，一个月之内就能收到了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKC0dGkUmoMyS2xu2cucn1BQnVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据往年的经验，在读学生如果需要读语言课的话，办理签证的时间在5、6月份，办正课签证的时间是7、8月份。对于不需要上语言课的学生，只要在符合要求的开课前三个月递签就可以。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoE6dI8ggocOgixQxYgczvVLnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请要求：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GCyydAGO4oGy8UxM7kKceIaXnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英国预科留学要求完成高二、高三课程，均分80%及以上，雅思5.0及以上;本科留学要求A-level达到ABB-A*A*A，接受高考分申请的要求总分75%-85%及以上，雅思6.0-6.5及以上;研究生留学要求获得相关学科学士学位，均分75%-80%及以上，雅思6.5及以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XWicdAKmkoW8isxl1qxcwP7tnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请机构：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKqOdwGAgoGaaSxwRgIctpsTnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英国在国内几个主要的大城市均设立了签证申请中心，目前有北京、武汉、上海、杭州、南京、广州、深圳等城市，准备去英国留学的同学可以先地图查看一下哪家申请中心距离比较近，然后再进行预约申请。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwoSde088oosOkx8deacqPkTnjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、北京签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gm8CdEgKGo8uOsxAncocfoJ2nTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：北京市东城区东水井胡同5号，北京Inn，2号楼B座，9层A区，A901至919室","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IUKSdGKAAoayK0xycDwci4YOnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮政编码：100010","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RuSkdkUIGoiAyExawVacqZdhn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"办公时间：08:00—15:00","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWc0d6uamoYg6mxmY8ScroLxncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、武汉签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GKqQdwCeQoYGK0xi8UFcVXdPnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：湖北省武汉市武昌区中北路171号汉街总部国际c栋302","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OgkEdMQOaoMskAxQHkEcvaiCnpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮政编码：430071","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RISQdmIKUoiWCQx00g0cTZoXnVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"办公时间：08:00—15:00","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQu2d8iIUo4MIcxllV0chksNnIq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、沈阳签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ts4adII64ouIeIxQZTPcWSHvnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：辽宁省沈阳市沈河区北站路61号财富中心A座4层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoIgdIga8ogCkax4uCGc0WWsn1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,"children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、西安签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JU84dK4MEoeowgxaO7HctHMnn4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：陕西省西安高新区沣惠南路与科技六路交汇处摩尔中心A座1103","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mio6diOW0oGaeQxQfEocRBKOn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮政编码：710000","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WWaCdEsaaooaO4x8qzAcm9IbndE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"办公时间：08:00—15:00","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsC4degsCow2wwxMVJPcyRqonJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、昆明签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PyEOdGigCoscSwx0GUAcX0C5nnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：云南省昆明市北京路1079号欣都龙城5栋1502B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEKSd2IuEogwoEx4n4kc4Iodnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮政编码：650000","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FSsAdkYyWoIwkqxwN6TcilkinNX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"办公时间：08:00—15:00","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AuGGda02mowMSWxOuA2cuvbRnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"15、长沙签证中心(仅接受预约递交申请)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JeKEd2WsMoMKq6xEDNucKX8Hngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：湖南省长沙市天心区湘府中路258号鑫远白天鹅酒店二层1-3号会议室","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwSSdu8YgoOuaaxY1qPcq6F7nhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮政编码：410000","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TkI2d668qoSeQkx4ptacmW0qntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"办公时间：08:00—15:00","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CCcodYkUWoOuOMxwNtqcmp78nhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"准备材料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iwu4dEcwWoSGMuxcbBQcRKvDn1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、检查所需材料是否齐全，包括：三份申请表(必须签字)、护照(末页签字)、CASStatement、CAS上所列材料、资金证明、其他辅助材料、还有签证费用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6S0dS0eSoCcEaxOcZocOeuYnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、所有需提交的原件必须有复印件一份，若是中文原件，而需另备翻译件一份。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QmyUdeMSYosWwaxikBKckFStnlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、需要签证照片一张，要求是6个月以内的近照。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SSASdKqocoCG6OxU97RcfiBWncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"办理流程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zumqdka8SoYuICxsTAmczKVQnFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、选择签证中心：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSEGd08sAo6iy4x2ZS2cL81Inqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有很多的学生主要按照本人的户口所在地就近选择大使馆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ys2cdwk8mog6AMxw7Xoca4K8ncb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、检查资料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OuCydKKiKoC2iIx8M4Wc8TVEnGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学生在办理签证之前需要检查好各项所需材料，主要包括申请表格，护照，资金证明，还有其他一些辅助材料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rw6Gd02gwoIeCcxyUJFc7TH8nsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、排队办理：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GMIEdOumMoIcs4xqYhdcnHpUnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同学们来到相应的签证办理地之后，需要去取号，这个时候大家一定要注意学生签证属于其他签证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8cWd0woOomEmaxghgic74henYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、审核材料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U2Gad6cOeomoEixcdPHcJ0y5nce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在被叫到号的时候，同学就需要去相应的窗口递交自己的材料，如果审核没有任何的问题，只需要等待签证结果就可以。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NIyud8WscoO06SxALUfcrr1ynMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、付款：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RgOadoCaOoGWcuxmKDkcuZgYnYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来同学就需要去缴费窗口缴纳办理签证的费用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8k8dsoqYoKAk8xKNcIcv8r6n0D"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、查询签证进度：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECw8dOaw4oosIox4UJkc3vQinec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常情况下，办理签证大约会在一个月之内就会出结果，建议大家通过官方网址查询签证的进度情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I4SCdg42EoYeo4xD27occTWQnhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、采集指纹并且上交材料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BuKIduIoKoMEIax87U2cBuEqnUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个过程其实是非常简单的，在采集指纹之前，需要拍一张数码照片，然后进行指纹的采集。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QQuKdw6ECo0UOqxSMgscmPCenoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"采集完指纹之后，需要拿着指纹的收据递交材料，递交完材料之后，整个签证的流程就顺利完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EWQyd8qwuoOmSgxOW2Yc73CZnoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、美国","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O2IQdckGmo6uIqxuSBJcQDUFneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"办理出国留学签证","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/edec30e0971e4e49b4a2b78120a3b8fe","width":610},"text":"","id":"Dug6dImsUoGqG6xoDg4cHMUtnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请时间：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCykdUSOeo8K2qxKK55cNLDCnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、学生可以在开学前四个月申请签证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ouwwd2cQmo8meQxWiBHc3ckXnqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据美国大使馆的规定，学生可以在开学前四个月内申请签证。如果条件允许，建议学生提前准备签证。对于已经向美国大学申请入学通知书的学生来说，申请签证的时间越早，获得签证的概率越高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YeGIdMCi2oc2WaxGmOzcMwU4n7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、4月至6月是申请学习签证的好时机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YyqAdiiWSocg0CxsXMzchXbxnqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每年7月至8月在美国学习的签证率低于4月至6月。主要原因是，由于4月至6月在美国学习的学生人数较少，在美国学习的时间主要集中在办理旅行、探亲和商务签证上。因此，4月到6月是办理留学签证的好时机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUC4dcS4IoCWIexqMtkcSyVbnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、一般来说，提前2个月是申请留学签证的最佳时间安排","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oy0Wd2CM6o08AExigjQcY4Ygnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请留学签证的最佳时间取决于你自己的时间安排。对于美国签证，通常提前2个月左右申请是合适的，但最多只能提前4个月，因此学生可以根据自己的情况选择合适的时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BeModQiWOocA46xonihcY6Zkn0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请条件：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A66QducMaoMKQ2x6tQecQFU9nly"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"去美国留学首先有学术要求，去美国读本科，要求高中毕业，GPA80以上；申请硕士要求本科毕业，有学士学位证，GPA3.5~3.8；与此同时，读硕士还要具备一定的科研水平，比如参加与申请专业相关的研究项目，在学术期刊上发表论文。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCMWd0scGoiyuqxm0zDcNmiinMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"语言要求，本科阶段要求托福成绩不低于75，有些学校和专业要求达到100分以上；研究生阶段要求申请者托福成绩不低于80分。需提供在读证明或最高学历证明，语言成绩单，在校成绩，个人陈述，个人简历，推荐信以及存款证明等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RoASd6aSGo8KGax87Wfc4rnLnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请机构：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y4I2ds40koSsA2xyG8McSRoknLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留美签证必须在美国大使馆办理，可以选择离自己最近的大使馆办理。美国驻华大使馆地址如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6IEd2gygoUGcgxUt0JciHcanoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、美国驻华大使馆(北京)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqYid62Q4okG0IxescXctrtInIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"签证面谈在两个地点进行，请查看预约信，确定您的面谈地点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"So2uduKYKoEGA2xG0YZcjG0Kn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新馆地址：北京安家楼路55号，邮编：100600。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQqcdAcyeoUgKOx6vfIcE7CRnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"日坛分部：北京建国门外秀水东街2号，邮编：100600。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B2EKdegYaooqkIxiq8TcOiZRnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、美国驻华总领事馆(成都)四川成都领事馆路4号，邮编：610041","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoYadO2CWoqeKQx08DicQtOtnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、美国驻华总领事馆(广州)广州市天河区珠江新城华夏路,(靠近地铁3号线或5号线珠江新城站B1出口)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UgOEdSgyQoamemxsuLzcXj8mnfr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、美国驻华总领事馆(上海)上海南京西路1038号梅龙镇广场8楼，邮编：200041","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H0egdIigeokw8WxmeXJcXPaTnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、美国驻华总领事馆(沈阳)沈阳和平区十四纬路52号，邮编：110003","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QWKudSuIAoMaS2xElz6cwSLLn5x"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"准备材料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XUQGdIke0owO0WxayaQcaT1snIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、基础材料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LW84d2CQ2oQIAuxkl7GcZkxWn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请赴美留学签证所需材料的表格、相关证明、护照（最后一页签名）、中信银行付款单、美国学校录取通知书（可携带多份，最后决定去的将放在最上面）、账簿或家庭关系公证书、家庭照片、中信银行签证费支付收据、SEVIS费用支付文件、I20表、一张照片（6个月内拍摄的2英寸x 2英寸方形彩色正面照片，白色背景。照片必须符合基本要求，否则申请将不予受理）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VGwidU8e6oagyox4Vzwc9AHinvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 DS-160","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmG6dUCO6ogWSIx8GP4czEu0n8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DS-160确认页：从2010年3月1日起，所有非移民签证申请人必须在线填写表DS-160。DS-160是英文的，但大多数栏目都有中文翻译。要使用中文翻译，您可以在页面右上角的“选择工具提示语言”列中从“英文”更改为“中文”。将光标移动到英文文本上，中文翻译将自动弹出。除了申请人的全名必须用中文填写外，所有问题的答案必须用英文填写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKwCdig4koscYgxmiYqcChH3nV7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、学习证明材料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIQMdA0U0oEEuqx2l8Gc4sWgnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习证明（中文和英文）+学生证原件、成绩单（中文和英文）、学位证书（中文和英文），毕业证书（中英文），成绩单+学位证书+毕业证书（中英文学校正式盖章版），学习计划和回国计划，简历，G/T成绩单，获奖证书和作品收藏（艺术作品所需）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8ymdwsicoWa6ex8rHkcJA8InYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、家庭相关证书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TYoOd2uGEomuOAxI3j3cvqkwnqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"父母担保书（英文+父母签名）、父母工作收入证明（正式中英文版本）、工作许可证、，您有签证/出国证明、银行存折/公司证明（如需）、银行存折/留学证明，基金/股票证书、房地产（红皮书）、汽车财产（绿皮书）/驾照。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CgaadwOayo2mAAxyaaLcGypanIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"办理流程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgcWdGowKoIeQIxWZoucLWKxn3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、拿到I-20表格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUEudA4eooam4mxInCGczSYjnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I-20表格是跟着学校的录取通知书一起寄给学生的，拿到I-20表格之后先不要着急进行下一步，先要检查一下你的I-20表格中的信息是否准确，是否有错误。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YKG6d8iqooS8GkxQXUBcgFBfnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、缴纳SEVIS费用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KWsadOKqmo4Os0x4WYlchlcTnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SEVIS系统是美国交流访问人员信息管理系统，去美国留学的学生需要交SEVIS系统数据库管理费，目前是350美元每人，交完SEVIS费之后要记得一定要保留缴费收据。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKW0d6sowosu0oxsz4TcRNeYnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、准备签证申请材料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQGidIySSoEyysxihUPcUvyCnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿到I-20签证之后就可以开始准备美国留学签证办理所需要的材料了，美国签证办理所需要的材料有：I-20表、SEVIS费用缴纳收据、护照、2寸白底照片、学校录取offer、毕业证明或在读证明、在校成绩单、语言成绩单、学习计划或工作计划、存款证明、父母收入证明、推荐信、出生证明等材料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OQEMdEsg0oOscixszX0cKGyinGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在美国驻华大使馆官网上注册","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EaecdoKUGocOaaxstZpcUnPpnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美国留学签证是通过在线申请的，需要进入美国驻中国大使馆的官网，进行注册，然后在官网上找到签证申请。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOuWdYoyoo2ggMxE717cxRBgnZE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、提交申请DS-160表格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIWqdYcAeo60UkxIuxicToecnib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DS-160表也就是签证申请表，根据上面的要求在线填写相关信息，要注意的是在填写申请表的时候最好是一次性填写完毕，因为在填写申请表的过程中，一旦未操作时间超过20分钟，申请流程将自动被终止。不过在申请表上会有一个十位的ID号码，记住这个号码，浏览器关闭之后可以凭借这个ID 继续申请，否则就要重头开始申请。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LQmwdaOy2oIKaExgzhmc4lgJntd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、缴纳签证申请费","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VgeSd6k26o6OYgxozD4c5qewnre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"填写完申请表之后，下一步我们要做的就是缴纳签证申请费，现在申请美国留学签证可以在网上直接用支付宝支付，方便了很多，缴费成功之后会生成签证缴费凭据，需要保留。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HC6EdqIAqoogM0xaGaocVzx1nwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、预约面签","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MU8CdSgoWo8sMaxKyj1cfsaTn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"交完签证申请费之后，就可以进行预约面签了，具体能预约到什么时候的面签，要看申请的人数，在签证申请高峰期的时候，可能需要等待几天。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwyOdeQiUo0IywxGOAHc4QYTndg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、去大使馆面签","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DOW0dC2iyoAEoixcNvRc1ACenfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据预约的时间到大使馆进行面签，面签时一定不能迟到，最好能够早一点过去，面签的时候要携带好上面所说的材料，对签证官问的问题要如实、清晰的进行回答。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CYKedsiwgo4OCax2DP4cQmdMn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、下签","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwIadi8MoogA6YxArmvcgZUYnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"面签结束之后一般在3-7个工作日就会出结果，拿到签证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIysda82koQy4QxYzrKcPcqanAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、澳洲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQgEdyQKAosy6OxcVFtcPImAnZd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":375,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"办理出国留学签证","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/318943bf2a464ade83ffaa124bec6ed5","width":500},"text":"","id":"WMGqdoSo4owYkuxCUkbcfnNlnkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请时间：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ayccd4KaAoqi06xKIKaczEIrnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"澳洲移民局官方建议所有申请者最好提前12个星期递交材料，6-8个星期是审理周期。千万不要卡着-8星期的时间办理，因为还要考虑到签证官的工作周期。如果不幸恰逢审理高峰期，或者遇到使馆对递交的材料进行内部评审或调查，签证官休假等各种因素，很有可能签证周期就会变长，需要2个多月，甚至更长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BqeWd8qmmoseCqxeunHcWO8Knjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般7月入学的学生，5月办理；而2月入学的为12月份办理。给学生家长们留下足够多的时间，应对可能遇到的突发状况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmSydsOQ8oq0aYxQTaKch3ZknAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果签证官遇到休假、调换工作或者我们最不愿意看到的放法定假日，那么整个申请都会缓慢下来。所以，建议大家提前半年准备签证材料，距离开学3个月就尽早递交申请。如果走电子签，要你的经济情况简单，经济来源复杂的，建议走普签比较稳当","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0esdq48SoOigyx0asMcY9IYnpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请条件：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UGMKd6Uc6ooymexwVkIcbPRjnSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、学历条件:一般是国内中学生申请澳洲高中留学、高中生申请本科留学、本科申请研究生留学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OaEkdoEKKoAaGix6e76c59QSnlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、语言条件:一般来说申请澳洲中学留学雅思总分需要在4.0分以上;申请大学本科雅思总分至少要在6.0分;申请澳洲大学的研究生需要雅思成绩不低于6.5分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DaukdOO8KoMeKMxCCPncVZ9NnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、成绩条件:一般申请澳洲高中留学，平时成绩需要在75分以上;申请澳洲大学本科，平时成绩需要在70分以","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PmYEduQY8omEQSxOsxMcIe8hnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请机构：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuUkdMM6Aos8igxorFJcLis8nXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"计划到澳洲留学的学生需要去澳大利亚驻华大使馆签证中心办理签证。地址如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSAEdMiuOoUCwaxIrWsc7lLOn3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、澳大利亚驻中国大使馆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N82edQkG4o8CeGx6ncxcyLEunce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：北京市东直门外大街21号，邮编：100600","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QWGCdKOCMoi2Eexi1zScCl88npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电话：010-51404111","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMoQdCCygoe0E2xWaaac7XZQnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"传真：010-51404162（移民处）；51404292（领事和行政处）；51404230（新闻和文化处）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bum8dqgooo4IsCxumRVcIS0tnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使馆办公时间：周一至周五9:00～17:00","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EwAYdmiawoY2Sox0UINcEJZen0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"领事服务：周一至周五8:30～17:00","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J0wodIOyEoC8emxwzDgcIIMGnce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"签证处窗口对外开放时间：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWU2d6yQEosk0KxKKGTcgif8nvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"周一至周五9:00～12:00（对个人开放）；周一、二、四、五14:00～16:00（对专员开放）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2O8d0qgMoawi4xyi4ncAKsVnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"领事区域：北京市、天津市、河北省。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImYEd0CmCoogCcxMBwLceamGn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、澳大利亚驻中国领事馆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SWaCdGQUgo0kWSxY7FIcrxPwnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"澳大利亚驻上海总领事馆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GM2Cd6CMKoYgQ4xOQJ2cHVDongd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：上海市南京西路1168号中信泰富广场22楼，邮编：200041","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AgkUd4CuooICkIx8NwbctyBtnke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"领事事务和护照问询电话：021-22155200","id":""}],"text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p计划，前者最快3~4周可以出签，后者只需要两周出签。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kg4udSQ0Mo2KGexes4qcemDvnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请条件：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWg8de2KqoaYoIxkbedcps96nke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、身份健康、品行优良。有的学校要求申请者提供本人居住地警察机构出其的品德证明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4gcdygYCouueCxIXglcn6KHntd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、足够的经费。留学生必须有可靠的经济来源，凡由亲友提供资助者，必须担保人有能力提供资助的公证书，资助金额需银行证明，由单位或国家负责资助者，需提供证明，获加拿大奖学金者需提供奖学金提供单位的证明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U2w8dgEsyoEIuSxEj3EcYgL8nXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、学位学历证书和资格证明，以及大学期间的成绩单。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DUeAdI2yeoIY0sxMDDHcLmfGn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、英语、法语水平。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8m8dQKiYoscqcxu2alcTGwCn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请机构：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KSAOdgUqCom4Ikx2RovctESmnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加拿大驻华大使馆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wa08dsu2aokUgoxMhI2c7mOqnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、加拿大驻华大使馆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SaOCdySm4oiMs6xawaPc3646nnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：北京市朝阳区东直门外大街19号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyYAdio4Somgc4xgXNkc3YtZnqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电话：010-51394000","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I2wcdSk4oooo6uxCxxWcyghFnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"传真：010-51394449","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QQeGdWMmsoEoYExyQxocS4cBnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电子邮件:beijing-immigration@international.gc.ca","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RswUdYAcQo2C6yxI7NzcrOR7n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、加拿大驻上海总领事馆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V288dQUuiomiI2xqcN8cjp62nIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：上海市南京西路1788号国际大厦8楼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeuGdqmOYoawsmxaMjccQdJQnGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"领区：上海、浙江、江苏、安徽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T80kdO62uoeKkmxAzvZcdP5HnbL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电话:021-32792844","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qikqd4GsoosuumxSdc1c25UGn8j"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"传真:021-32792892","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tmk6dC0kUokAu4x73gDcoPswnGH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电子邮件:shanghai-im-enquiry@international.gc.ca　3、加拿大驻广州总领事馆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGGcdo8OYoMaAYxyH10cCT69nua"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：广州市流花路中国大酒店商业大厦801室","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SU0AdOYAsogamgxKsBZcrkFqnXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"领区：广东、广西、福建、海南","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8MSdQYwIomyEMxacdZcWslinch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电话:020-86116100","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWk0dCW8aogcwix433zcaVAPnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"传真:020-86116196","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuGkd6csAoQmsexExIDcXBnHnPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电子邮件：ganzug@international.gc.ca","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O24odIIkWoAwoUxsVNXcjTaFn5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、加拿大驻重庆总领事馆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAYkdiY6OoScKaxG8iSc7G3wndI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：重庆市渝中区五一路大都会商厦17楼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CaIcdi0EqoigYEx8HhBcfzEwnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"领区：重庆、四川、贵州、云南","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIcmdq48eoEKCIxuIqkcnXJln0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电话：023-6373800","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8sUdqK8wos6Acxum7Bc50gFn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"传真：023-63738026","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MIWSdqW8Yo4IOyxI5xUcxyIznUI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电子邮件:chonq@international.gc.ca","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYC0dEAkSoEg4cxsthXc8bDOn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、北京签证申请中心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FgeUd4O4QoaegcxErdjcyPByndg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：北京市东城区东直门南大街11号中汇广场A座12层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKkadsgWQoiEYex4n2dcQ2uXnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮编：100007","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YK2sdqMG6occS8xwj9FcyTpenvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"热线电话：010-57636878","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LOY4dEyowooSkoxMp4nc0HkknDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"网址：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hwiid0Amgo2EEIxOGA4c6srMn8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电子邮件：infopek.cacn@vfshelpline.com","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PyiOdG6gsoa0k0xu61nclNyFnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、上海签证申请中心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qi4GdaggWoYWGQxKu5yc7zcLncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：上海市徐家汇路555号2楼广东发展银行大厦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UEQWdKA4woa8yqxCWfmcUIusnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮编：200023","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Km60d86g0oMOawxnF3GcqkvSnAD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"热线电话：021-63901830,021-63901221","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ViYOdOumaoYACmxgnhOcMzaNnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电子邮件:infosha.cacn@vfshelpline.com","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ws2mdqu24oSYSfxNqwfczYRGnjW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、广州签证申请中心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WaGSduauAosqEIx4jgicF66Entf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：广州市天河区体育西路189号城建大厦3楼351室","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R0audIK28oc6mkxkzpMcoB4Xnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮编：510620","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2qUds86WoeiSUxs9u4c389inzm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"热线电话：020-38898475,020-38898476","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiEydWaCIoC2mwxqIoPcJ0kdnWG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电子邮件:infocan.cacn@vfshelpline.com","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G6kydMG0koeY2Mxwb1HcJX3znNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、重庆签证申请中心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUkMdmYauogMGqx6ufnc3X5Gnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地址：重庆市渝中区青年路77号J.W万豪酒店国贸中心3楼3U-6","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQo0deWS6oeGgoxqUbscAn5anDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮编：400010","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZIMkd2sKko2s6ix8yAmc5Ev5nyz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"热线电话：023-63721388","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKw8dACWEoimAOxm4fbc1VQqn8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电子邮件:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"infopek.cacn@vfshelpline.com","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YyAYdgs0uoK2oExVYPicmO0cnOs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"准备材料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EisOdawAAo684cxktHvcgwqmnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、入加学生签证申请2份（本人填写）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W2M0duKUGo2y2YxSyL7cmmDhnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、家属表1份。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZSWCdAg6uoekqcxi5XrchvHdn7T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、父母表1份（须有父母签字）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYESdqaWCoMc2gxY3bVcZ7Ain2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、家庭成员教育和就业细节表1份。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WiW8dyysuo6wQKxmAi1cQB3Xnqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、学生签证申请KIT-SUPPLEMENT#1财务概述1份。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcUidq4WEo2wqkxmKRvcAS97nVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、学生签证申请KIT-SUPPLEMENT#2调查表1份。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T6WidAq8MoUeSExOIvJcFZlunQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、入学通知书原件及复印件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqeYdqKg2oWGMkxCwjccgOtCn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、加拿大学校发出的申请人学费收讫凭证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KECsdcukqogACYxcPm9cQzuTn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、护照原件或复印件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D4ood2uwgooeWWxIJrjcg3OMnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、身份证复印件4份。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YMQsdWOEwoEgWoxEd8jc0rR1nXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、最近六个月的2寸照片4张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XaSwdM2YMoO4w8xOozIcE5nynoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"办理流程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XkEgdyogEoGye6xU9tgcFwKZn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：准备好本站列出的加拿大留学签证所需材料清单。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AoeWd8OeooqYCIxkhJXcFmqcn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：到就近的加拿大签证中心递交申请，不需要预约，也不需要面试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gcosdc88GoWIYgx81H1czR0jnCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：交费，等待签证结果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GeK8dQIkqoIc0uxYRVncA6YznQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前留学签证的审理周期一般为2-3个月，在签证中心柜台提交申请，申请受理费只接受人民币现金付款，请根据您的签证类别，准备相应的现金申请受理费用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6uKd0gWCosGaexyiL7c0upsnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、新加坡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PeK8de80koGOukxKyXdcgBGgnWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"办理出国留学签证","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/42247e831b3d467f910fb5a17665c5bd","width":1024},"text":"","id":"B6modwe04osU2uxolJpcszKyn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请时间：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZI4YdgO6co6CKgxfldfcBQPYnNE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新加坡留学签证一般需要6周至8周左右的时间，一般情况下，越早申请，效率也就越高，出结果就会越快，毕竟此时的申请者还不是那么多。最快的录取是周五发出申请，下周一就拿到录取通知，只有两天的时间，当然也有慢的，最慢需要两个月的时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWoqdOUcmoOII8xExQLc3AYKnVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请要求：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4mCdukuooUSGmxktB5codkPnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、申请者首先必须被一所合法的新加坡学校录取才能开始全日制课程的学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZYAYdCIGmowGaQxSKTHc2OX7nvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、申请者须有足够的资金来支付学费与生活费用，并提交相关证明文件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOgUdkSwCoUI6oxcTSkcabBUnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、申请签证必须有一位当地担保人。当地担保人必须是年满21岁的新加坡公民或永久居民或者是申请者所报读的学校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiUmd0sKcoCuGcxC6CdcmVNSnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、学生准证的申请必须在课程开始日期之前的2-6个月之间递交","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmUcdiUKyoKICsxUvPgclMGpndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请机构：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QIkUdEqgyoOmc4xK8Vnca15AnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学生拿到学校的offer后，需要向新加坡移民局（ICA）提交是学生准证申请。学生准证获批后，ICA会出具In-Principle Approval (IPA) letter给到学生，学生用IPA和护照入境新加坡。IPA Letter并不是学生准证，只能用于首次入境新加坡，不能重复使用IPA Letter入境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkQ2dUuA4osgImxARxtcK6WbnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学生抵达新加坡后，需要带齐相关材料，预约到ICA换取学生准证。这个SP是多次往返的长期居留证。凭这个学生准证，申请者可以在新加坡留学期间自由出入新加坡并且不需要另外的签证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AMo4dUUwSoEKsExstdZcV1w4nAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"准备材料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQGYdwE0Ioqc8uxu8TRcVR9pn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、2寸护照型照片6张；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AsWOdqyYyoIAewxMBGjcE1rcnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、填写完整的英文入学申请表（注明选择的课程项目代码和名称）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WSmMdyCUYoCGGoxsLsJcDb0Infb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、申请人的出生公证书原件1份，复印件2份；申请人的户口薄单页及申请人身份证（如果有）复印件各2份；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YMmudUMWqooAGixwrTbcY8Yzneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、申请人的最高学历或者在读证明公证书原件1份，复印件2份；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OimGdii62oM2OcxETH9cCa3mn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、申请人的最高学历或者在读成绩单公证书原件1份，复印件2份；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A2CSdS0cWowkaax0GpYcKhimn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、16万人民币以上的至少6个月定期存款的银行存款证明公证书；除9-A公证的存款之外的其他银行存款单，银行存折薄（如有）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MK2KdyUyUoaEO6xqk6xcXEfwnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、申请人的护照首页复印件2份；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KkwUdUWGcoSuQYxI96EcECgHnyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、如果申请人已经有工作，需要提供：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2qodecO8o0qYixWuKmcngtVnGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请人的工作证明STATEMENT和由单位开具的工作证明信复印件3份（写明性别，出生日期，在该单位工作起始时间及目前任职）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eq6udMmukoMA4Gx8fPtcb6OKnKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请人的商业注册证明（营业执照）复印件3份（如果是自雇人士）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EuCMduqAOoOaeCxGmUwcE56vn4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请人近三个月的月工资记录，原件1份，复印件2份（提供工资条即可，但需要单位盖章，如果没有工资条， 提供工资明细表也可以）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZWSSdiaaMoSoKqxkbgZcAPnZngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、如果申请人已经结婚需提供：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YmOyds468oGWuyxoJ22csaZYnJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请人配偶的工作证明STATEMENT和由单位开具的工作证明信复印件3份（写明性别，出生日期，在该单位工作起始时间及目前任职）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ji2EduA6aoAcG4xaMlIcHo0QnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请人配偶的商业注册证明（营业执照）复印件3份（如果是自雇人士）；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FYQUdMmUko8UuqxK6QwcOrfNngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"申请人配偶近3个月的月工资记录原件一份，复印件2份（提供工资条即可，但需要单位盖章，如果没有工资条，提供工资明细表也可以）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GMo2dcGqWoSoouxM1OgcswKCnwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"办理流程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wq06dMa4Ao0O0Kx6wgzcXjD9nEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：申请人在申请新加坡签证之前需要先向新加坡教育部领取入学表格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CccQd0weQoGsAAx4cBkc6o6nnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若想进入新加坡顶尖的院校，则需要通过。考试分为。通过后，学生会得到，允许他们。相反，他们只能申请其他类型的院校。通过学生申请过，学校会在证明信上注明学生的入学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KegadY2QioYEQoxOg3Ucmn7gn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：申请人参加在新加坡教育部举行的资格考试，考试形式分为英语、数学和中文三门。通过资格考试的学生将获得教育部颁发的证明信，并能进入优秀的政府学院。而未通过的学生可以选择性的选取其他院校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQGOdgoiEoWwuux0ooecyPbinHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：学生申请成功的院校将会在证明信填写学生的入学通知或水平测试成绩，并寄回新加坡教育部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nke6dAgimo0UUUx2R4bcQTEfn7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：新加坡教育部接受到院校的证明信后，将会向准留学生发出关于缴纳教育基金的通知。准留学生只有在规定的时间内缴纳金额，就能得到院校的录取通知书。最终凭借录取通知书，与新加坡国民与登记局办理申请学生证的手续。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RWYSd4sqyoKkwuxYLoRcAtQxnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步：准学生在到新加坡一个月内必须领取学生准证，并在院校校长同意下办理入学手续。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sw6YdgiKQok88Ex0uJRcZ2bIn4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用申请材料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqSKd0AMgoekCAxMP32cr5WRnvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入学申请表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WiScdKk2oo4ICGxykPNcG9Hhnwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多大学入学前需填写申请表（Application Form），在与学校取得联系后，学校便会寄来入学申请表、奖学金申请表、财力证明表等表格。申请人必须仔细填写好这些表格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jym6dA6q4oO6MYxuejkcEsVun6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图为美国大学入学申请表：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bw0qdcOC2o4KQUxK89HckIC2n3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1025,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入学申请表","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7986a5b1f9d49c98e0aad9cb9d40d6c","width":792},"text":"","id":"HEQ4dCo0OoYKYMxHfRYcEOw4nia"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐信","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ee6EdQW0eouqWixcpP7cT4dtnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐信（Recommendation Letter），推荐信是必须的留学申请材料之一。推荐信是由申请人以前的老师或单位领导来写，目的是推荐申请人入学和申请奖学金。推荐信是国外院校了解申请人的重要依据，一般要求申请人提供2-3封推荐信。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y62MdYSKMoSWcixey9qcUnqSnQe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1404,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐信","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac1bce96018b4ac284a95689f214e108","width":993},"text":"","id":"SG2sdoAeko2UKMxwVMOcOT32ntf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"个人简历","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GQM2doMkgo2Y6mxKyrSc13iZnac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"个人简历（Resume），个人简历是申请国外留学以及奖学金资助不可少的一份材料。申请大学入学及奖学金，要准备一份合适的个人简历。把自己的教育背景、实践经历、校内外兼职经历、课外活动等一目了然地加以呈现，一定会对有好处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IaAOd8qGEoquIGxkTgjcN7Ftnmf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"个人简历","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d6b323eda0604dd1ab00a617738f917c","width":1013},"text":"","id":"Sq4Wdkmsqo4WcaxiqYacJvhin0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语成绩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGY2dsoKWoa4Gmxs8d6cn9D7nXs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英文考试成绩单（English Test Report），按照学校的要求，申请人应向学校提供官方语言成绩（雅思）、GRE，GMAT成绩单。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MeWMdkieio6Es0xMRaCc76L6n9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":901,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"英语成绩","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7b20db75e8346cf8785eef9b51c095b","width":1080},"text":"","id":"VGqOd6MYSoqgC2xi4mycHzsengf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"存款证明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQK6dsoq0oY04oxGG0bcwVU1nvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"存款证明（Bank Statement），一般来说存款证明的金额至少要涵盖第一年的费用，由于各院校及各个专业费用不尽相同，预计约30-50万。除存款证明外一些学校也会要求申请者出具资助人的签名信件或要求资助人填写相关的资助表格来证明资助人有意愿、有能力为申请者提供足够的资金来完成学业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MywAdSgkgoiSk4xETBIcuAhRnEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":559,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"存款证明","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0eb8bd7b5b174063bbc7c14b71049fa3","width":400},"text":"","id":"UqkOdom8IowwwaxCICxclS5znsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tg22dKkweoMauUxy4Q9cLYTXnQ1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"个人陈述","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYaAdmki6owO24xoB09coIAsnje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"个人陈述（Personal Statement），个人陈述是在申请过程中按照学校的要求写一篇有关申请人过去背景，目前成就和未来目标的文章，一篇成功的个人陈述不但应语言流畅，而且文章逻辑严谨，层次分明，能充分显示申请人的才华并抓住审阅人的注意力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MaskdsaYeoqQQwxoxAyc0DEKnEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"个人陈述","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e60b7e337c344f98b03c7deee108ef89","width":920},"text":"","id":"MWkwdWGCaoIOo0xo5JFchcponxh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学历证明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2IydKUw4ooaggxI5XacRQkdnY6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"国内学习成绩单及学历证明（Official Transcripts），申请入大学一年级的人，需要提供中学成绩单。申请读大学插班的学生，需要提供中学成绩单及转学前大学成绩单，申请读硕士学位或博士学位的学生，则需提供大学本科的成绩单及以后就读各种学校的成绩单。无论哪种成绩单，都需要由学校管理学生成绩的部门出具并由申请人寄给美国大学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zm6qdECIko0MawxlaKWcNbqOnO0"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学历证明","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7307ef99b1074c2292ed42be960b9176","width":1080},"text":"","id":"W2gcdwas2oQ6cGx47N8ctBBFnjg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOfQI9QmrPoVjcDA9n05ZAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、建议出行前理清相关事项并整理好相应物品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jqwcdi00aoOoI4xo5F9c3q9Jn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记录好学校地址、联系人或接机人姓名、电话;准备好少量零钱、国际信用卡、汇票或旅行支票；准备好护照、签证、机票、学校录取通知书、健康证、学历等重要资料及复印件；带好手机、笔记本电脑等通讯工具。带上相关电子产品的变压器、转换插头、插线板，常用药品，衣物，个人证件照片及一些常用电脑软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DoWgdyiayosUyAx6j7XcQydfnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、留出充裕的时间到达口岸办理各类出境检查手续，这需要留学生朋友和亲属引起注意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IaQwdYIAUomoSoxsh1IcWfUdntd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、出行之前仔细检查护照、签证等是否带齐。有些“老留学生”在假期回国后，办理了新护照，在返校时多次出现因仅持有新护照，而忘记携带贴有有效签证的老护照而难以通关的现象。提醒有这类情况的留学生，贴有有效签证的旧护照也要随身带，以免影响出境行程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A82sdCIcao66IMxOWLJczbtinsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，须注意不能私自揭下旧护照上的签证贴在新护照上，这属于出入境违法违规行为，视为无效证件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LmKid622MoqGGWxsLoVcrASTnHe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef5518e568104331976328847465ac19","width":1023},"text":"","id":"ICy8dIUgWouKsGxox8OcIlwhn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQO0d0qgeoIOySxYxnCcWSprnrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、据海关规定，出境时，携带现金别超过2万元人民币或者折合等于5千美元的外币现钞。如果要超出这个标准，需要向海关事先申报，否则一经查出将会被处以相应的行政处罚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P4ySdAsqcoE6UGxGmqHcberunYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":473,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c213403a9d8843ea9f3cec3fa95885f2","width":800},"text":"","id":"NOScdq2CSosMkExE9n9cmWdcnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PoC8d4yYYo6Mioxicn6cctjNnqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、很多家长担心孩子出国生活不适应、不方便，给孩子准备了很多食品及生活用品，结果导致行李超重，因此在过关时将被处以不菲的罚金。所以，切记随身行李每人不能超过20公斤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HamQdyEwkouw4cxuOhgcl2MWnce"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":512,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/299ec23f66d447f888f2ba7fcd5c6f22","width":768},"text":"","id":"FIi6dseouoK4KaxiUB3cc8Pincb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、提前了解目的国关于携带物品的有关限制，以免蒙受损失。有的留学生总想带点国内的特产出国，但有的物品是所到国家禁止入境的。例如，澳大利亚禁止携带乳制品、蛋制品、肉类制品等入境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SSqydGMKEocsggxsHQPcrH2hnte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":542,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa5410db7759497ba1b88d6c0146d9c8","width":553},"text":"","id":"LQsOduIcioUyCuxWaM0coE8YnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U0IOdESYyoKU4wxkJ03c3ZNUnlc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

f1签证怎么申请ssn

室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的，它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。

学习基础知识

刚接触室内装饰设计，需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识，这些都是需要学习的。

美术基础知识

室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识，包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等，我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介，受限于篇幅限制，提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：

10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

线条画法：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

明暗：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

构图：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

色彩：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

除了上面的这些资料，大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料，如我要自学网、b站等免费较多，勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。

透视

透视的基本原理：

视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象，就是形体透视。

透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。

关于透视的具体解说，大家也可以看下视频课程。

素描透视的认识：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

平行（一点）透视

物体与画面平行，底面与地面平行，视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象，为平行透视，只有一个消失点，又被称为一点透视。

成角（两点）透视

物体一面与地面平行，其他面与画面形成角度，叫成角透视，分别消失于两个余点，又可叫两点透视。

斜角透（三点）视

此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成角度，会形成延伸现象，并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视，为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛，即俯视物体，消失点在水平线之下。反之，仰视物体时，物体高于眼睛，消失点在水平线之上。

灭点：指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。

线条基本画法

任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的，画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。

直线：直线是最常用的一种线，它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握，而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力，画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。

竖线：竖线是较难画的一种线，在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂，重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。

曲线：曲线要根据画面情况而定，如果很细的图，为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。

折线：折线是线条中最难画的一种，有以下3种情况。

马克笔技法

平移：下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上，快速、果断的画出。

线：要用宽笔头的笔尖来画，每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。

点：一般用在画植物、草地等地方，活泼画面气氛，在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。

扫笔：在运笔时快速抬起笔，用笔触留下一条“尾巴”，多适用于浅色。

蹭笔：用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面，使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。

会出现的问题

运笔太慢：

纸没有完全压在笔上：

画的时候犹豫：

点的时候太过僵硬：

构图基本规律

构图就是搭建画面的骨架关系，是将众多的视觉元素进行有机的安排、组合。以达到视觉上的审美要求。

构图是手绘画面中十分重要的的基础环节，在深入刻画之前，应该选择合适的视角，恰当、协调的安排布置各个对象在画画中的面积、位置、比例等关系以及体块之间的各种关系。理想的构图需要做到平衡中求变化、变化中求统一。

明暗

有光就有明暗。

通常光照射物体，会产生受光面、背光面、反光面，我们把看到这整体场景关系称作明暗。

在绘画时要注意整幅画的明暗关系，打好明暗交界线之后，用较浅的色调画大体的明暗，要借助大体的明暗呈现来调整轮廓和形体的关系。

光线直线前进

放射线状的太阳光源和照亮一点的手电光源都是笔直地前进的。

任何物体离光源越远，光的影响越弱，颜色越暗色，这种性质无论在空气中、水中、玻璃中等地方都不会改变。

光会反射

①反射光

每个物体的光反射率不同，物体的质感表现也会发生变化，反射率越低颜色越发黑，反射率越高颜色越高光。

②反射光

因为光线会反射，所以物体的橙色会在地板上变成淡蓝色。

举例

球形的画法：

1、通过正方形来切出圆的基本型，表现出明暗交界线和投影形状。

2、铺出暗部、投影和亮部背景，注意画明暗交界线时是用短直线相衔接来表现这一弧形的。

3、用浅色调将暗部统一为一体，然后从明暗交界线逐步加强，使之在统一中寻找变化。

4、在调整过程中要针对影响整体效果的地方进行修改，使画面节奏关系和谐统一。

色彩运用

色彩基本概念：

1、色相：表示色的特质，例如红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等，表示色彩相貌的差异。

2、明度：表示色彩的强度，即亮度和深浅程度，白色物体反射率最高，所以明度就最高，黑色物体则反之。

3、纯度：即是色的饱和度。在色彩不断混入白色，那么该色相的明度就会越来越高，而纯度越来越低；如果色彩不断混入黑色，它的纯度和明度都会同时下降。

冷色

青、蓝、紫色以及由它们构成的色调，具有寒冷、理智、平静等感觉，我们称为冷色。

暖色

桔、黄、红色以及由它们构成的色调，会产生温暖、热情、激动、危险等感觉，我们称为暖色。

充分利用这些特性可以在一定程度上改变空间尺度、比例、分隔、渗透空间，改善空间效果。

而这些色彩的作用可以总结为：膨胀色和收缩色，前进色和后退色，上升色与下坠色。

暖色具有膨胀感，冷色具有收缩感：

小户型房屋设计的时候，家具选择收缩色，可以让家具显得更加小巧；而增加房间里膨胀色的比例则会让房间感觉更大，比如将白色、米色、原木色或者淡黄色一类柔和的浅色运用在墙面、地面及大件家具上。

暖色具有前进感，冷色具有后退感。

空间过高、走廊过长时，可用前进色，减弱空旷感；小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面，可以改善空间狭小感受。

浅色有上升感，深色有下坠感。

利用色彩的上升感和下坠感，把颜色重心放在地面，通过空间上的反差，可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小，层高低的户型运用这种装修风格，会让空间显得更大更敞亮。

我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:

背景色：面积最大的部分的颜色，即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色；

主色：空间内的主体的颜色，比如大件家具，客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色；

配色：一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色，比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩；

点缀色：体积最小，一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。

搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%，次要色彩占30%，辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。

同一空间配色不得超过三种，其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说，如果墙面是白色，那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。

进行色彩搭配时，我们需要用到色环，可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。

1、单色调搭配

以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调，可以取得宁静、安祥的效果，在进行单色调搭配时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化，加强对比，也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂，让空间更加和谐。

2、相似色调搭配

相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色，在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色，如黄，橙、橙红，蓝，蓝紫、紫等，呈现比较柔和的质感，并调动明度纯度的比例对比，来达到高级质感配色。

3、互补色调搭配

互补色调也可以叫作对比色调，通过色环上的两个互补色，如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫，进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色，并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果，使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。

4、无彩色调搭配

全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配，是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式，非常平静素雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相，也可以认为是无彩色。

CAD基础知识

学习ＣＡＤ要先学习工具，只有把工具学会了，在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。

下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法，如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。

CAD教程之基本工具的使用：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/

工具的使用

AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于设计领域，学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。

初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局，只有了解软件的界面布局，才能方便地与他人交流，才可以领会各种教程和技巧，在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。

不同版本的CAD界面基本类似，在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中，使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面，如下图所示。

后期版本，CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面，如下图所示。

其实两种界面并没有太大的差别，命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。

访问工具栏

工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能，如打开、保存、打印等，方便用户随时快速调用这些功能，可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏，将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头，可以显示一个菜单，可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令，也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令，如下图所示。

功能区选项卡

放置各种工具图标，用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能，根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡，每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡，对于初学者来说，“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。

功能面板

选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成，例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成，每个面板则由功能图标组成，图标有大有小，一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标，其他图标设置成小图标。

文件标签栏

显示文件的名称，当打开多个图纸文件时，可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸，也可以通过在标签上右键，保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了，AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。

图形窗口

创建、显示和编辑图形的区域，说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间，理论上无限大，也可以无限小，我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。

命令历史

命令行窗口的一部分，用于显示命令执行的历史，初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数，注意观察命令的提示和执行过程，有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令，如下图所示。

命令行

跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同，CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令（命令别名）来执行所有命令，命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令，会在功能区中点图标来执行命令，此时也要注意看命令行的提示，它可以引导我们完成命令，并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。

在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能，当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令，如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令，如下图所示。

命令历史和命令行是一个整体，叫命令行窗口，通常固定到底部，也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部，也可以关闭，用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。

模型布局标签

CAD分模型空间和布局空间，通常模型空间用来画图，布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多，初学者可以暂时不用管，后面还会详细介绍。

状态栏

状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标，然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具，例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等，通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具，此外，还有一些功能性按钮。

低版本状态栏按钮比较少，可以切换成文字显示，高版本状态栏图标太多，很多功能我们平时可能用不上，可以自己关掉一些，如下图所示。

特性面板（属性框）

CAD还有一些重要的界面控件，例如特性面板、图层特性等等，有些我们后面会专门介绍，这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性，对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭，快捷键是CTRL+1，有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板，如下图所示。

我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数，如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外，上面还有一些常规特性，如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性，这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性，这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形，这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。

CAD常用功能

常用CTRL，ALT快捷键

ALT+TK 如快速选择

ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口

ALT+MUP提取轮廓

Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)

Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上

Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)

Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)

Ctrl+J: 重复执行上一步命令

Ctrl+K: 超级链接

Ctrl+N: 新建图形文件

Ctrl+M: 打开选项对话框

Ctrl+O：打开图象文件

Ctrl+P：打开打印对话框

Ctrl+S：保存文件

Ctrl+U：极轴模式控制(F10)

Ctrl+v：粘贴剪贴板上的内容

Ctrl+W：对象追 踪式控制(F11)

Ctrl+X：剪切所选择的内容

Ctrl+Y：重做

Ctrl+Z：取消前一步的操作

Ctrl+1：打开特性对话框

Ctrl+2：打开图象资源管理器

Ctrl+3：打开工具选项板

Ctrl+6：打开图象数据原子

Ctrl+8或QC：快速计算器

尺寸标注

DRA：半径标注

DDI：直径标注

DAL：对齐标注

DAN：角度标注

END：捕捉到端点

MID：捕捉到中点

INT：捕捉到交点

CEN：捕捉到圆心

QUA：捕捉到象限点

TAN：捕捉到切点

PER：捕捉到垂足

NOD：捕捉到节点

NEA：捕捉到最近点

AA：测量区域和周长(area)

ID：指定坐标

LI：指定集体(个体)的坐标

AL：对齐(align)

AR： 阵列(array)

AP：加载*lsp程系

AV：打开视图对话框(dsviewer)

SE：打开对象自动捕捉对话框

ST：打开字体设置对话框(style)

SO：绘制二围面( 2d solid)

SP：拼音的校核(spell)

SC：缩放比例 (scale)

SN：栅格捕捉模式设置(snap)

DT：文本的设置(dtext)

DI：测量两点间的距离

OI：插入外部对象

LE：引线标注

ST：单行文本输入

La：图层管理器

绘图命令

A：绘圆弧

B：定义块

C：画圆

D：尺寸资源管理器

E：删除

F：倒圆角

G：对象组合

H：填充

I：插入

J：对接

S：拉伸

T：多行文本输入

W：定义块并保存到硬盘中

L：直线

M：移动

X：炸开

V：设置当前坐标

U：恢复上一次操作

O：偏移

P：移动

Z：缩放

提高效率技巧

1、作图步骤：设置图幅→设置单位及精度→建立若干图层→设置对象样式→开始绘图。

2、绘图始终使用1：1比例。为改变图样的大小，可以在打印时于图纸空间内设置不同的打印比例。

3、为不同类型的图元对象设置不同的图层、颜色及线宽，而图元对的颜色、线型及线宽都应由图层控制(LAYER)。

4、需精确绘图时，可使用栅格捕捉功能，并将栅格捕捉间距设为适当的数值。

5、不要将图框和图形绘在同一幅图中，应在布局(LAYOUT)中将图框按块插入，然后打印出图。

6、对于有名对象，如视图、图层、图块、线型、文字样式、打印样式等，命名时不仅要简明，而且要遵循一定的规律，以便于查找和使用。

7、将一些常用设置，如图层、标注样式、文字样式、栅格捕捉等内容设置在一图形模板文件中(即另存为*.DWF)，以后绘制新图时，可以创建新图形向导中单击“使用模板”来打开它，并开始绘图。

下面是一些实战练习的图纸案例，大家可以看看。

3ds max基础知识

3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具，它功能繁多，所有操作都可以在界面中找到。

打开3dmax后，我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分，如图所示。

各部分介绍如下

①菜单栏：很多功能都在菜单栏中，可以执行相应的操作。

②主工具栏：提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。

③功能区：包含一组工具，可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。

④视口：可从多个角度显示场景，并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。

⑤状态栏控件：显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。

⑥动画控件：可以创建动画，并在视口内播放动画。

⑦命令面板：可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。

⑧时间尺：可拖动时间尺，查看动画效果。

⑨视口导航：使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。

⑩场景资源管理器：可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。

菜单栏

菜单栏位于窗口的最上方，每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项，分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】，如图所示。

1、【文件】菜单

在【文件】菜单中，会出现很多操作文件的命令，包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。

2、【编辑】菜单

在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作，如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。

3、【工具】菜单

在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作，如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等，更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。

4、【组】菜单

【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起，还可以解组、打开组等操作。

5、【视图】菜单

【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。

6、【创建】菜单

在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象，更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。

7、【修改器】菜单

在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器，更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。

8、【动画】菜单

【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画，包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。

9、【图形编辑器】菜单

【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。

10、【渲染】菜单

在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。

11、【Civil View】菜单

【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。

12、【自定义】菜单

【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。

13、【脚本】菜单

在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。

14、【帮助】菜单

在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。

主工具栏

主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框，主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面，这些工具按钮按照具体功能，大致可以划分为11大类。

1、撤销和重做工具

在3dmax中操作失误时，可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作（快捷键为Ctrl+Z），也可单击重做向后返回一步。

2、链接绑定类工具

链接绑定类工具包括3个，分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。

【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系，链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。

【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反，可断开链接好的父子关系。

【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。

3、对象选择类工具

对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个，分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。

使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象（例如灯光对象），不容易操作出错。

【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象，按住Ctrl键可以进行加选，按住Alt键可以进行减选。

单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框，在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。

选择区域工具包含5种模式，分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。

【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时，是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态（即未激活状态）时，只要选择的区域碰到对象，即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态（即激活状态）时，选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象，才可被选择。

4、对象操作类工具

对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等，是一些非常常用的工具。

使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。

【选择并缩放】工具包含3种，分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。

使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面，例如把凳子放在地上。

【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作（如移动、旋转、缩放等）所使用的坐标系统，包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。

【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种，使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。

使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。

使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组（如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等）快捷键之间进行切换。

5、精准类工具

精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确，包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。

【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。

【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度（快捷键为A键）。激活该工具后，角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换，在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。

【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比（快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P），在缩放状态下，默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。

【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。

6、选择集类工具

选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。

【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后，单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框，在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。

【管理选择集】工具，并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集，此时可以单击该工具选择集，如图所示。

7、镜像对齐类工具

镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两个工具是比较常用的，可以准确的复制和对齐模型。

使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。

对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具，对齐工具包括6种类型，分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。

【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。

【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。

【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象，以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。

【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。

【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。

8、资源管理器类工具

资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具，分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。

【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了其他功能，用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。

【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层，也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。

9、视图类工具

切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。

【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏，如图所示。

【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式，可以用曲线来表示运动。

【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图，通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。

10、材质编辑器工具

【材质编辑器】工具可以完成对材质和贴图的设置。

11、渲染类工具

渲染类工具包括3种与渲染相关的工具，分别为渲染设置、渲染帧窗口和渲染产品。

【渲染设置】按钮（快捷键为F10）可以打开【渲染设置】对话框，所有的渲染设置参数基本上都在该对话框中完成。

【渲染帧窗口】按钮可以打开【渲染帧窗口】对话框，在该对话框中可执行选择渲染区域、切换图像通道和存储渲染图像等任务。

【渲染产品】工具、【渲染迭代】工具和ActiveShade工具3种类型。

功能区

单击主工具栏中的（切换功能区）按钮，即可调出和隐藏功能区。调出的功能区是用于多边形建模的，如图所示。

视口

3dmax界面中最大的区域就是视口，默认情况下视口包括4部分，分别是顶视图（快捷键为T）、前视图（快捷键为F）、左视图（快捷键为L）、透视图（快捷键为P），如图所示。

例如，单击前视图中右上导航器左侧的小图标，模型会转动到左侧，并且视图左上方变成了【正交】，若想再次切换回【前视图】，则只需要按快捷键F即可切换回来，如图所示。

单击视图左上方的四个按钮，能分别弹出四个对话框，可以允许我们是否显示栅格、切换其他视图、设置照明和阴影、设置模型显示模式等，如图所示。

状态栏控件

状态栏位于轨迹栏的下方，它提供了选定对象的数目、类型、变换值和栅格数目等信息，并且状态栏可以基于当前光标位置和当前程序活动来提供动态反馈信息，如图所示。

迷你侦听器：用于MAXscript语言的交互翻译器，它与DOS命令提示窗口类似。

状态栏：此处可显示选中了几个对象。

提示行：此处会提示我们将如何操作当前使用的工具。

孤立当前选择切换：单击该按钮将只选择该对象。

选择锁定切换：单击该按钮可以锁定该对象，此时其他对象将无法选择。

绝对模式变换输入：单击可切换绝对模式变换输入或偏移模式变换输入。

相对/绝对变换输入：可在此处的X、Y、Z后方输入数值。

自适应降级：启用该工具，在操作场景时会更流畅。

栅格：此处显示栅格数值。

时间标记：单击可以添加和编辑标记。

动画控件

动画控件位于状态栏的右侧，这些按钮主要用来控制动画的播放效果，包括关键点控制和时间控制等，如图所示。

命令面板

命令面板由6个用户界面面板组成，使用这些面板可以找到3dmax的大多数建模功能，以及一些动画功能、显示选择和其他工具，3dmax每次只有一个面板可见。6个面板分别为【创建】面板、【修改】面板、【层次】面板、【运动】面板、【显示】面板和【实用程序】面板，如图所示。

进入【创建】面板，其中包括7种对象，分别是【几何体】、【图形】、【灯光】、【摄影机】、【辅助对象】、【空间扭曲】和【系统】，如图所示。

几何体：用来创建几何体模型，如长方体、球体等。

图形：用来创建样条线和NURBS曲线，如线、圆、矩形等。

灯光：用来创建场景中的灯光，如目标灯光、泛光灯。

摄影机：用来创建场景中的摄影机。

辅助对象：用来创建有助于场景制作的辅助对象。

空间扭曲：用来创建空间扭曲对象，常搭配粒子使用。

系统：用来创建系统工具，如骨骼、环形阵列等。

【修改】面板用于修改对象的参数，还可以为对象添加修改器。

【层次】面板中可以访问调整对象间层次链接的工具，通过将一个对象与另一个对象相链接，可以创建对象之间的父子关系，包括【轴】、【IK】和【链接信息】3种工具。

【运动】面板中的参数用来调整选定对象的运动属性。

【显示】面板中的参数用来设置场景中的控制对象的显示方式。

【实用程序】面板中包括几个常用的实用程序，例如塌陷、测量等。

时间尺

【时间尺】包括【时间线滑块】和【轨迹栏】两大部分，如图所示。

时间线滑块：位于3dmax界面下方，拖动时可以设置当前帧位于哪个位置，还可以单击向左箭头图标与向右箭头图标向前或者向后移动一帧。

轨迹栏：位于【时间线滑块】下方，用于显示时间线的帧数和添加关键点的位置。

视口导航

视口导航控制按钮在状态栏的最右侧，主要用来控制视图的显示和导航，使用这些按钮可以缩放、平移和旋转活动的视图，如图所示。

缩放：使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。

视野：使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。

缩放所有视图：使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。

平移视图：使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。

最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中，快捷键为Z。

环绕子对象：使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。

所有视图最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。

最大化视口切换：单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。

3ds max快捷键

显示降级适配(开关) 【O】

适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】

排列 【Alt】+【A】

角度捕捉(开关) 【A】

动画模式 (开关) 【N】

改变到后视图 【K】

背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】

前一时间单位 【.】

改变到上(Top)视图 【T】

改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】

改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】

改变到前(Front)视图 【F】

改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】

改变到右(Right)视图 【R】

改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】

循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】

默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】

删除物体 【DEL】

当前视图暂时失效 【D】

是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】

显示第一个工具条 【Alt】+【1】

专家模式棿佑(开关) 【Ctrl】+【X】

暂存(Hold)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【H】

取回(Fetch)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【F】

冻结所选物体 【6】

跳到第一帧 【HOME】

显示/隐藏相机(Cameras) 【Shift】+【C】

显示/隐藏几何体(Geometry) 【Shift】+【O】

显示/隐藏网格(Grids) 【G】

显示/隐藏帮助(Helpers)物体 【Shift】+【H】

显示/隐藏光源(Lights) 【Shift】+【L】

显示/隐藏粒子系统(Particle Systems) 【Shift】+【P】

显示/隐藏空间扭曲(Space Warps)物体 【Shift】+【W】

锁定用户界面(开关) 【Alt】+【0】

匹配到相机(Camera)视图 【Ctrl】+【C】

材质(Material)编辑器【M】

最大化当前视图 (开关) 【W】

脚本编辑器 【F11】

新的场景 【Ctrl】+【N】

法线(Normal)对齐 【Alt】+【N】

向下轻推网格小键盘【-】

向上轻推网格小键盘【+】

NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】

NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】

NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】

偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】

打开一个MAX文件 【Ctrl】+【O】

平移视图 【Ctrl】+【P】

交互式平移视图 【I】

放置高光(Highlight) 【Ctrl】+【H】

播放/停止动画 【/】

快速(Quick)渲染 【Shift】+【Q】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

回到上一视图*作 【Shift】+【A】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

撤消视图*作 【Shift】+【Z】

刷新所有视图 【1】

用前一次的参数进行渲染 【Shift】+【E】或【F9】

渲染配置 【Shift】+【R】或【F10】

在xy/yz/zx锁定中循环改变 【F8】

约束到X轴 【F5】

约束到Y轴 【F6】

透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】

选择父物体 【PageUp】

选择子物体 【PageDown】

根据名称选择物体 【H】

选择锁定(开关) 【空格】

减淡所选物体的面(开关) 【F2】

显示所有视图网格(Grids)(开关) 【Shift】+【G】

显示/隐藏命令面板 【3】

显示/隐藏浮动工具条 【4】

显示最后一次渲染的图画 【Ctrl】+【I】

显示/隐藏主要工具栏【Alt】+【6】

显示/隐藏安全框 【Shift】+【F】

显示/隐藏所选物体的支架 【J】

显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】

百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】

打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】

循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】

声音(开关) 【】

间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】

改变到光线视图 【Shift】+【4】

循环改变子物体层级 【Ins】

子物体选择(开关) 【Ctrl】+【B】

帖图材质(Texture)修正 【Ctrl】+【T】

加大动态坐标 【+】

减小动态坐标 【-】

激活动态坐标(开关) 【X】

精确输入转变量 【F12】

全部解冻 【7】

根据名字显示隐藏的物体 【5】

刷新背景图像(Background) 【Alt】+【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【B】

显示几何体外框(开关) 【F4】

视图背景(Background) 【Alt】+【B】

用方框(Box)快显几何体(开关) 【Shift】+【B】

打开虚拟现实 数字键盘【1】

虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】

虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】

虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】

虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】

虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】

虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】

实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 【F3】

全部视图显示所有物体 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【Z】

*视窗缩放到选择物体范围(Extents) 【E】

缩放范围 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【Z】

视窗放大两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【+】

放大镜工具 【Z】

视窗缩小两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【-】

根据框选进行放大 【Ctrl】+【w】

视窗交互式放大 【[】

视窗交互式缩小 【]】

轨迹视图

加入(Add)关键帧 【A】

前一时间单位 【<;】

下一时间单位 【>;】

编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】

编辑区域模式 【F3】

编辑时间模式 【F2】

展开对象(Object)切换 【O】

展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】

函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】

锁定所选物体 【空格】

向上移动高亮显示 【↓】

向左轻移关键帧 【←】

向右轻移关键帧 【→】

位置区域模式 【F4】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】

渲染配置 【F10】

向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】

向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】

材质编辑器

用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】

渲染配置 【F10】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

示意(Schematic)视图

下一时间单位 【>;】

前一时间单位 【<;】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

绘制(Draw)区域 【D】

渲染(Render) 【R】

锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】

草图大师基础

sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件，也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师，因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距，但是也是一款比较直观、灵活，易用的软件。

软件基础知识

我们想要掌握一款软件，那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具，命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括，二维的绘图工具，有画直线，矩形，圆，圆弧，多边形和手绘线等，然后是模型的编辑工具移动，旋转，缩放，推拉，路径跟随，偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具，最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。

下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用：

打开一个SketchUp文件，点按工具栏，环绕观察命令，在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。

第2步，在其他工具下，如果想进行环绕观察，可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动，同样也可以实现环绕观察。

第3步居中显示，在任意工具下，单击鼠标滚轮，都可以让点击位置居中显示。

第4步，点按工具栏上的手型，也就是平移工具，然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布，可以实现画布的平移。

第5步，在其他工具下，按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布，也可以实现画布的平移。

第6步，按下缩放工具后，在界面上按下鼠标左键，向上拖动放大显示界面，向下拖动会缩减显示界面，也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。

第7步，点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面，该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。

第8步，这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。

详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程：

Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/

下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模

1、建模前的准备工作

一般我们的景观方案确定好后，就可以把方案按照具体尺寸落到cad上面，如图1，但是图1的cad化的平面，最后导入su是需要简化cad线稿的，简化后的cad线稿，如图2。

图1

图2

2、CAD线稿整理

①另存一个cad

命名不能用中文，因为汉字和字母的算法不一样，SU可能识别出错。

②炸开组件

将新的cad里面的组件炸开。因为有些CAD文件，可能是用天正等软件绘制，导入SU后会消失。

③删除一些影响平面整体性的线

再删除字体、标高，雕塑，景石，坐凳，灯具，铺装填充等等一些影响平面整体性的线。

④线条高度归零

SU是在一个平面上面建模的，所以线条需要统一标高。

⑤归同一个图层

将所以线条归在同一个图层，方便后面清理cad。

⑥pu清理cad

清理cad其他图层，目的减少cad内存，导入su的时候不占太多内存。

3、SU建模前的整理

①SU开始界面

SU开始界面，会让我们选择一个模板，这里以2015版本为例，我们可以选择建筑设计-毫米这个模板进去su。

②导入cad线稿

SU导入cad的时候，会出现一个窗口，右边选项，记得点击打钩全部选项还有选择单位为毫米。如图3

③炸开线稿

④线稿封面

一般需要用到插件（胚子库）来封面，可以节省很多时间。插件自己网上下载哈。如图5

图3

图4

图5

4、SU建模

①正面建模

Su有正反面之分，正面为白色，反面为蓝色，模型外面需要是正面，为了导入lumion渲染的时候，可以识别，lumion课程可以移步我们的其他教程分享。

②成组（组件）建模

按照一定原则清晰的分成组或者组件，目的是为了方便后期修改，不会受场景中的其他东西干扰。编辑速度也快。

③贴材质

材质可以吸已有的模型的材质来用，也可以自己制作需要的材质,如图6

④放置建筑

模型大体完成，这样就可以进入lumion渲染，如果目前只需要su出图的话，再进行第五步

⑤放置植物，人物，小品

SU出图效果也不错，放置一些植物，人物，小品来营造氛围

⑥植物配置

植物配置方式有多种形式，总结来说就是二个字“层次”。

图6

关于sketchup建模的课程，大家可以看看以下视频学习以下：

最简单的3D建模软件：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13K4y1Q76R/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

从0到1，手把手带你学会SU建模：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dh411b7zf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

软件的快捷键

掌握快捷键知识，可以帮助我们在使用sketchup软件更加的流畅和方便，相对来说是一种进阶的知识。

学习资料推荐

《建筑装饰制图与识图（第4版）》紧密结合建筑装饰工程的实际应用，介绍了绘图工具的使用及制图的基本知识、画法几何基础知识、建筑及装饰制图与识图以及给排水、采暖与空调、建筑电气等设备施工图的识读等内容。书后附有装饰施工图实例，便于读者对照学习。

《中文版3ds Max 2020实用教程》

《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》

《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品，涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型，其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异，有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。

室内设计过程

室内设计的过程分为三个阶段，策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。

策划阶段

1、由甲方或业主提出要求，比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。

2、需要现场勘测，收集原始土建图纸资料。

3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图，草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。

方案阶段

1、在概念草图的基础上，深入设计，进行方案的分析和比较，比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。

2、与土建和装修的前后衔接，图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。

施工图阶段

1、装修施工图

①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表；

②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图；

③立面图、剖面图

④大样图、详图

2、设备施工图

①给排水：系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋；

②电气：强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控；

③暖通：系统、空调布置

室内设计风格

现代风格

现代风格以流线型为主要设计，这种风格以平滑的表面，精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”，采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料，与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。

工业风格

工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新，工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名，即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件，这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调，和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明，与粗犷的空间形成对比。

北欧风格

这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上，我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片，它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。

日式北欧融合

自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点，与之不同的是，北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主，偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合，就形成了经典的美学。

复古风格

随着审美的发展，设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格，这种复古潮流一般是从20世纪下半叶中找寻灵感，常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。

地中海风格

地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征，与蓝色和绿色形成对比，代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料，如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目，此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。

极简主义设计

极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁，体现了“少即是多”的主张。

中式复古风格

中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰，装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。

中式装修在选材上也很是讲究，因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分，大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋，这样既温馨自然，也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。

在装饰品方面，最好都有中国元素在里面，像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择，还可以加入一些盆栽，使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局，讲究对称美，中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。

新中式风格

新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。

简约中式风格

中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间，不会有中式那种沉闷，也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是，不奢华，又不失品味。每一个房间，甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。

室内设计原则

1、 整体性设计原则：保证室内空间协调一致的美感；

2、 功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；

3、 审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；

4、 技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；

5、 经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。

学习资料推荐

学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。

教材：

1、《色彩构成》

2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬

本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会

3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽

这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。

4、《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳

本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。

视频课程：

室内设计零基础入门教程https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

彻底学会3DMAXhttps://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的，它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmMad2QeYoWSUCx8jP8cgAfvnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsakdsI2Ko8iiUxmQA3czsfBnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚接触室内装饰设计，需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识，这些都是需要学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AW28duoIWowUuUx0okZczK3Enpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DS0KdqeiwoIucyxqgsscTAfxn9C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识，包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等，我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介，受限于篇幅限制，提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Uqday2woGKaIxiQNkcjxGun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8cqdYceGo0ykkxOiJycSmspn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条画法：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gaomdqu2aoIsOOxEBgkcwMC1nuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcC8dG4gOo22gMxeKlbcJTsLnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGqGdQ0yWoMwQwxu6Enckp0pngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQModekMUo8iuexiCkncDnkOnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上面的这些资料，大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料，如我要自学网、b站等免费较多，勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGIQdOgMSooSA0xctQpcbs3mnNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ge8gd2YacoGmKexgbW0cIUcan1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视的基本原理：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgcKdcc0Yo2wgIxjllccn5EEnb4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象，就是形体透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow2wdc0kSoSOeOx8G4ZcRlQHnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8q0dokSAom4ykx0aPncNOBunMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于透视的具体解说，大家也可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgUidQ2cyoGQa8x2R67cD5iJnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描透视的认识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L46gdCgI6oUSG4xaU3UcLu3xnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平行（一点）透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYQudi4UyoEMcIxOIlgcL67in1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体与画面平行，底面与地面平行，视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象，为平行透视，只有一个消失点，又被称为一点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PAEYdAeQgoY0mgxQ5L1cAXyhnbb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成角（两点）透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOy0d2uMuo4ymgxx243c1PYgntY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体一面与地面平行，其他面与画面形成角度，叫成角透视，分别消失于两个余点，又可叫两点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KecEdE6EQo4Y8oxSGhuco3iRnOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点）视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMEodUc2GoMSukxgRo6cBLzXnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成角度，会形成延伸现象，并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视，为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛，即俯视物体，消失点在水平线之下。反之，仰视物体时，物体高于眼睛，消失点在水平线之上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUuedyouuoGa4cxmAEccuJ28nzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灭点：指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B2qkdIQMUowiOUxwpGxcP3tcnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点）视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8f303da51934fd3b6a6bb4795b275b5","width":1080},"text":"","id":"NC6wdMqquo8YYsxBBuTcGqV7nbn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQw6dyGYko8oWSxYjEUc1bTonGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgmSd2mCCoEu8Kxs3sBcUlkDnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的，画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMmUd0KQQoyeMmxwpGHcLSZKnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"直线：直线是最常用的一种线，它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握，而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力，画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMm8duOSooYMuixkVTOcm14bnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":164,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a66e012e3024d6ca3805fdb1d846989","width":300},"text":"","id":"TQcqdC0OgoOYWcxuWtUc3VW8nlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖线：竖线是较难画的一种线，在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂，重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsKCdg6WioAwkCxYNPpcgp8vnRe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/938868c1529f4dc99a109876f17ef847","width":357},"text":"","id":"EOykdSCUEoMuE8xq02ecEteEnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"曲线：曲线要根据画面情况而定，如果很细的图，为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ICwGdE2cQocm8ox0K7gcYhgjnjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37acdaa395884034a03ef66a3ff9b8fa","width":292},"text":"","id":"RoE4dYksYoWiKsx4CqjcPnV3nhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"折线：折线是线条中最难画的一种，有以下3种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYIAdKWMyoq2qwxQbcacuomhngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a48e803df844162bf20eab479c2195f","width":522},"text":"","id":"Fyswd6Eg8o8wEux4cpzcaznwnRd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y2WOdeAImoUAm0xQDGZcy8HSn4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移：下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上，快速、果断的画出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VaIIdyGGEoaQKqxEP1bcpkM6nDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":113,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6e0e0d02acc1479dbb7f864f365dd05c","width":184},"text":"","id":"VKwMdme0qoMEwmxiS2scRTz8nAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线：要用宽笔头的笔尖来画，每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCYCd4AOgoq0eMxmcCxcJKm9nHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":69,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fbfb6d2270e4de9a5ae43a3643b748b","width":230},"text":"","id":"WE8OdKQawoYs2ExyOCFchAlEn7S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点：一般用在画植物、草地等地方，活泼画面气氛，在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCcCdUweCosCS2xg1DOcnnfanSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3c4e378010ec463397f79873c83a6891","width":244},"text":"","id":"NWmUds0MUoicMexmcYqcjtHonQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"扫笔：在运笔时快速抬起笔，用笔触留下一条“尾巴”，多适用于浅色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuU2d0K0Mo624qxYnYhcKLF2neb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":87,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ddfd529e6cd047b59bd2459468afe1f1","width":212},"text":"","id":"SE0kdc886oC4aGxIhPncSyRrnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蹭笔：用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面，使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKy6dSAoAoAwgwxwBk2cZVENnPc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cdc900164a94468d833a63e971b1484d","width":278},"text":"","id":"FeOcduuMeoseo4xCuDPcqGqTn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会出现的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4qcdEM08ocagkxgt2ScriOpn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔太慢：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkWodmEauoUq2exeAw5cMs1onqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":132,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c67c2b50478a4279bfaabbb0c0fb24cd","width":193},"text":"","id":"O8ESdA2MSocesWxMrJbc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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HAwEd40i0ouUSExozh3cxYhznYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc5a549b40d44372b69a607f908ea0d3","width":720},"text":"","id":"TYeEdYkUSoeIQoxbjUUcNHPVnnT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色具有前进感，冷色具有后退感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SmIUdgKaOo8U2exAFzucizssn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba91afb2e35149fe8dcd51d4a040d043","width":720},"text":"","id":"OG6EdQGQeo4oKAx0ml7cmcZQnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间过高、走廊过长时，可用前进色，减弱空旷感；小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面，可以改善空间狭小感受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqucdsSC2oMWu8xk5yrclAhPn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/983c1107ff244912a0c73e5b3532cd33","width":720},"text":"","id":"UQ2gdekw4osY2ex4RxAcrG9WnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 浅色有上升感，深色有下坠感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkkUdoU4Kos24kxIgK6cfsQOn8B"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a20480a99cf4204af9c5e9f4aad245c","width":720},"text":"","id":"E684ds4Cmos2AuxCaF3cH9qQndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用色彩的上升感和下坠感，把颜色重心放在地面，通过空间上的反差，可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小，层高低的户型运用这种装修风格，会让空间显得更大更敞亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fq0QdqyyKo8uSGxqgffcwOjWnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adad9769f4ce4c2faee09d618e67c1d4","width":720},"text":"","id":"QESOd4CImo86YgxEXSXc65DanHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QcS8dS0o8oucG0xwTu4cJHJynkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景色：面积最大的部分的颜色，即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsW6d8oeSoMaOgx85Ftc7KASnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主色：空间内的主体的颜色，比如大件家具，客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyGYd4uoSoGI02xW2uZc86qxnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配色：一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色，比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GWekdE4W6oogiwxOQDecCmoUnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点缀色：体积最小，一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAUQdGIiiogywmx88VncJE1Rnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%，次要色彩占30%，辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUEQdQ6ieoIcaYxoxQUcM4kVnac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/992e8b8f49634708ae671ee6ccd1bd83","width":720},"text":"","id":"WMKEdSgYEogsMex0yNocXuUMnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqEOd6aYqoIeGix8H5Mcp9wAnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同一空间配色不得超过三种，其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说，如果墙面是白色，那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig4od0a2Mo6MU2xuSXWc42xKnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行色彩搭配时，我们需要用到色环，可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqcadgIkSoKukKxOGWNcChwVntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuOidyqomoeWu8xY1incSbinn9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":528,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5af210c3a434a41ba44480bce150be6","width":720},"text":"","id":"SmKgdc0aQoKSqwxUtl3cHzx8nVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4WgdmWAwosOQkxMvTacDVr5nKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、单色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwSCdW02coOcSux2H18cESZanXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调，可以取得宁静、安祥的效果，在进行单色调搭配时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化，加强对比，也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂，让空间更加和谐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYwdoS64okA06xcFrPcikM5nRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e33b0ab455e4082a411b9a25448eeea","width":720},"text":"","id":"WKyGda6aqogeUUxotMtc1AT2nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、相似色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKmed28GGo04mqxCUyWc93A1ncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色，在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色，如黄，橙、橙红，蓝，蓝紫、紫等，呈现比较柔和的质感，并调动明度纯度的比例对比，来达到高级质感配色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQ6Gdiowwoaicmx8udZcsVOQnfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9892ed0feca643ba9185149ce87088d0","width":720},"text":"","id":"CqsOd6Oi6oeKOkxOooscPdTBnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、互补色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSo0dWgu8oo04OxCaokc4a31ndq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"互补色调也可以叫作对比色调，通过色环上的两个互补色，如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫，进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色，并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果，使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6wdicM0oAKgqxmEMWcylUknsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1b90d7f39904f3c85c776be8a45ff7a","width":720},"text":"","id":"MeKodUYOwoOUsWxcF3pc7AJgnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、无彩色调搭配 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwiMd6Ie6oMi42xIfG9cZZflnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配，是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式，非常平静素雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相，也可以认为是无彩色。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K82md0M4KoOCKQxqgJwc7FIKneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecb38ff0da2f4214aaf80f42b59c9007","width":720},"text":"","id":"BiMwdQiIAo48kkxs9CGcEO2gnPe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"CAD基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QA8wdUIGAo8gCoxiYPxc1nutnbE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习ＣＡＤ要先学习工具，只有把工具学会了，在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MoeMdYuCiomiWgx0yHjcKljanPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法，如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWeadsIcaoSCIix0S5PcFJu5nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD教程之基本工具的使用：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L2EadGkCyoqG0kxwxSFcG0L1nAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsiEdK4Kuom8IIxCwW0cOhKQnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于设计领域，学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K800doQyCoqQkmxCg6Ucq6Osnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局，只有了解软件的界面布局，才能方便地与他人交流，才可以领会各种教程和技巧，在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4KmdEw0AoQOIsxIVrBckDdhnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同版本的CAD界面基本类似，在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中，使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zy6MdqSGOoAy2exKKQMcLTTIncp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b63c9f79f4fd42cda9c5855d5f25494c","width":947},"text":"","id":"YukKdgEsgo0gEOxiKsAc8Hr1n2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期版本，CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EakAdy6y6oSWeGxmavEcipADnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":694,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/df73853d0df7478ebd912a26bb03927c","width":1319},"text":"","id":"YeUcdEkOMoaWuuxW6VWcV9s7nSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实两种界面并没有太大的差别，命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUwSdkUscoagI4xYvOjcEhkVnnh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JaGUdq0m6oyoCmxmmtPclPZdnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能，如打开、保存、打印等，方便用户随时快速调用这些功能，可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏，将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头，可以显示一个菜单，可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令，也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAMQdoo2YooWiWxK8TKcyLCanKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/caf69ddfa77d46beba26d0b93697ba80","width":445},"text":"","id":"IMsmdeSagouQWCxYtTwck71Bn9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma20dC048oe22UxIJdmcDjIEnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放置各种工具图标，用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能，根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡，每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡，对于初学者来说，“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hs4mdCOKwoc0GwxsLSycZIi1nhd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TASGdeqAGoCI20xgxVDclME4ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成，例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成，每个面板则由功能图标组成，图标有大有小，一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标，其他图标设置成小图标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcqOdcGwGoCmQAxIXghcxRvVnQe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文件标签栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2iWdIUecouMMYxMRuicaJ2lnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示文件的名称，当打开多个图纸文件时，可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸，也可以通过在标签上右键，保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了，AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyIud42CeooCUGxOQHvcAMoXnde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图形窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiYAdsC6qoCq4CxCuVuc0A9LnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创建、显示和编辑图形的区域，说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间，理论上无限大，也可以无限小，我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fio4dA26Yoq2Gexya8NcD32wn2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KaqkdI0esoqQeUxgFaHcnhexn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行窗口的一部分，用于显示命令执行的历史，初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数，注意观察命令的提示和执行过程，有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VI6KdqKQYoe8oExwlC4c8o64nKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":221,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a489d61277e547a48b9377a484358585","width":696},"text":"","id":"RikKdaiksoKeuwxygNicQ1U6nDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OymEdWyqWokgwsxWWmDcVJMjnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同，CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令（命令别名）来执行所有命令，命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令，会在功能区中点图标来执行命令，此时也要注意看命令行的提示，它可以引导我们完成命令，并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCwsdA4yso228gxAZXhc8dMvnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能，当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令，如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYmEdIKkqo4sckxQvelcRiaSnfe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7daffb78cee04726b04b1d7ef8f8b8f9","width":780},"text":"","id":"EeIudIgscoiqe6x0GPJc6JCCnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史和命令行是一个整体，叫命令行窗口，通常固定到底部，也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部，也可以关闭，用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUyAdk2SMocMesx6ZbQcYMcYnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模型布局标签","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JsK2duQ08oesGoxgr7XcsqFDnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD分模型空间和布局空间，通常模型空间用来画图，布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多，初学者可以暂时不用管，后面还会详细介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2Ckd2aEEo2w26xQ2CEcg1q1nI6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S62GdM6qooeYUMxaomScGcQRnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标，然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具，例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等，通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具，此外，还有一些功能性按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQc2dKSuCoiKkgxS091cVlftnnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低版本状态栏按钮比较少，可以切换成文字显示，高版本状态栏图标太多，很多功能我们平时可能用不上，可以自己关掉一些，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcIsdgCgioCUCgxnBVMcMYrCnyj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":823,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/880d947d8ee7474f865cc01cd2396298","width":189},"text":"","id":"HuEMd8ccyoUiK2xaE2ucieJ4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiQmdi6iIoYmICxYpjFczaV5nVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板（属性框）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8QYdCCu2okOMUxmoGjcd9bnnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD还有一些重要的界面控件，例如特性面板、图层特性等等，有些我们后面会专门介绍，这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性，对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭，快捷键是CTRL+1，有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LC0ydW6mIoA6iyxkPrAcsYewnEP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":613,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板（属性框）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39960cf4848440899bfc74f6213b8597","width":726},"text":"","id":"HAwSdgc8EoCmgQxYHEcc203Lnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数，如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外，上面还有一些常规特性，如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性，这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性，这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形，这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Womwd8kYmoO006xUfyXcYFTbnZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD常用功能","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcI4d0aYIoaowyxMjiXc6oYnnFr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用CTRL，ALT快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LoiWdGwEEoAsCwxmQmucurWFnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+TK 如快速选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUAOd840goIwIQxItLvcTgaCnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AU86dgEcqoAO8MxMFejcmk6inMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+MUP提取轮廓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JIModUk6ao2Gg8xfBQfcG3mWncU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8O8dgAWgok4iwxa4XhcdheNnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgkcdigcWoOiCAxKq5DcjhsHnmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6SidYuksoQMggxucXOcFZ5jnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6QGdy600owcOGxWcNHchjxznWY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+J: 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max基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0eUduSmIougGYxMvj7cbdCmnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具，它功能繁多，所有操作都可以在界面中找到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYkkdy6MOoKE0QxyExpcflernKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开3dmax后，我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WyCGdeS4ooQWkaxIHescsGHonge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/46f3f1f0716d414f9828228ab2f96941","width":946},"text":"","id":"RK8Qd2IAWoyWI0xK2Secz0qTnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各部分介绍如下","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H60Ydkwamo0YeGxIF5DcpqQGnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①菜单栏：很多功能都在菜单栏中，可以执行相应的操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsoMdWECSogg2WxG4Wdcq2C9nbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②主工具栏：提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKIudC4ksoocAWxSAsXc492Bnyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③功能区：包含一组工具，可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FemmdmaI2oA2wux8DvucDsOun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④视口：可从多个角度显示场景，并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ui6AdmmWooUwy6xwCYVcDayanUH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑤状态栏控件：显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoWidKW42omG4Gxewijca5WCnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑥动画控件：可以创建动画，并在视口内播放动画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWUOdM46ioQUA6xkn8AcdmpAn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑦命令面板：可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUMUd4sY0o4SCSxGqGVcPilVnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑧时间尺：可拖动时间尺，查看动画效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMqgd6iymoqsG4xsvGbccj27nsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑨视口导航：使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RSiIdA8OAoSy02xwdp4cZSQbnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑩场景资源管理器：可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0I0dYmCaoccQExsn0ncPC58nIh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWMkdW2yoo6aS6xg9aEcA8dBnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏位于窗口的最上方，每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项，分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ci6cdGYguoUkyQx4cRxcBV9EnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":89,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fafa5261d241413d88a38dce5827c9a6","width":858},"text":"","id":"FCeOd8MmIoMmkixyqYtcEYjhnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、【文件】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HS4sdsKWioC4uoxIBBUc4I6Nnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【文件】菜单中，会出现很多操作文件的命令，包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VceOdUYMoom0G8x89D3cQ8LCn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、【编辑】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YASgdWsWgouOGixsxt2cgfyXnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作，如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8kKdEGkAoWiWCxIN57cRqehnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、【工具】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUIadco4koE0WYxKYedcaQTZnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作，如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等，更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCsSdgmW8o0MWyx2XtccITBwnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7deed8b7b5244a5dabfc84a605b1cebf","width":1075},"text":"","id":"KiuEdycE0o00yGx257QcTHD7nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、【组】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6a4dsqyyokgiQxINTBc0WsLnEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起，还可以解组、打开组等操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VigEdIA6QoaAKcx4B7EcsWmnn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、【视图】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XE2SdQOwWokQWkxWiotcaPqSnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIqYdqOaGoiO2OxgpApcyukPnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、【创建】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4MEdMKQQo0Oc6x2vrac1Bnkn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象，更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P4Ucdee4mouKsaxUrJ5c3UjxnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":817,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c57e0d87c5b743f7ab82f2cf3eb16934","width":997},"text":"","id":"IgyGdwIm6oUQ4Gx026scpWSnnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、【修改器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEuedOU8io6sWAxqUzXcU2y5nah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器，更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VS0SdQAogoAOYQxmKVWc3YSrnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、【动画】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8UAdIukeoCoamxiGWQchx6RnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画，包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0iodg6SCoMecKxEhdzcyk4anBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、【图形编辑器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xc2OdGkwCoMwKSxe2iwcjyHLnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAuAdk862oGYOAxyMfucvBQFnTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":887,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eaedf6fcc2554179a7bd479939f468e0","width":1363},"text":"","id":"C2kWdWK2UoS6WuxgH7rcAUMnnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、【渲染】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQumdm4cso2wEyxQRapcx27gnTl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WWoAdUeKaoqKqcxo5DMcmgKPnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、【Civil View】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKsgdi4IAoQ6e0xMH3oc9MHfnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAoGdg488oyQEoxhaaYct89rnLq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、【自定义】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwaYd280YooUq0xYbe4cWn3TnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCqedCescoWWGExIxT9cntQXnse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9015fe477c6340a7bf82feb701a1edff","width":1101},"text":"","id":"P2CSdUaMUoicySxMfjpcrCJ3nEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、【脚本】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6gsd00iGo0EwWx4NDGcY55wnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4MadgMY2o6YO8xYRt1cGb7ynne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、【帮助】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsU2dSUOwog0GoxCuPocOyZ3npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ES2Edya0mo2su8xTvThcCwiZnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d5a338bdf9934b44a4e7f5ce2461fc90","width":1008},"text":"","id":"BW0sduomAoo42Sxq4mJc0L2sn4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q06GdymU2o6uEGx6XejczpuHncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框，主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面，这些工具按钮按照具体功能，大致可以划分为11大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMad8cuGo62KWxmgMEcTPbAnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、撤销和重做工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZckcdosoCoeq8sxs9g2cnBIGnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在3dmax中操作失误时，可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作（快捷键为Ctrl+Z），也可单击重做向后返回一步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYa8dG0UsoCm2Uxw3Abcdgq2nyp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、链接绑定类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcGwdowSsowyycx4jxScSi3dn35"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"链接绑定类工具包括3个，分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma2WdoGCmo0SimxeeV0c1X2inje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系，链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8c6dgOguomaEQxj2KXca3WLnqr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反，可断开链接好的父子关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NISSduKWwoQMG2xGikrcFXyQngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BaIOdwoK6okWuQxkN8bcXKZBnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、对象选择类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lg0adu0eOoOEmwxoDv2cdWSNn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个，分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQ62doi2moMwYixmC9wcjL8ynQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象（例如灯光对象），不容易操作出错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKYudo4m2oKkagxQVcIc4NPynpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象，按住Ctrl键可以进行加选，按住Alt键可以进行减选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hkeqdqu6AoumQMxMBE1ch06lnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框，在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUGqdKWqSo8ikcxuq7ScKDIbnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择区域工具包含5种模式，分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8qwdMcO4oiOIgx0uJNcATsbnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时，是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态（即未激活状态）时，只要选择的区域碰到对象，即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态（即激活状态）时，选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象，才可被选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOEgdU8K8oqUWYxYtNtcd4hlnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、对象操作类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKIodiC8OoSgcmxY9kxcIQUGnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等，是一些非常常用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKyydA0MeoO2SUxgHjecDrlKnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yeikdo0uKoMqMAxCcxtcnEllnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并缩放】工具包含3种，分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYoMdGk0uoe0UCx4hhPcVhj4nhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面，例如把凳子放在地上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSe0dOsEQoaCAixoD6pc6putnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作（如移动、旋转、缩放等）所使用的坐标系统，包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZIs2dcGAuoYUmux4nNwc4W4Gn7Q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种，使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OscWdGk80oGie6xM1Xac2X9Tn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gcs2d2GioogGw2xAncScRfwMn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组（如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等）快捷键之间进行切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQmcd2sEsog0cuxYNebcKnYhnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、精准类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H00WdKsU4oIWKsxg1dCcOB6BnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确，包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEuudiI8uoAmyWxwpcocxbw4nNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M2Cmd6MegoykosxLSBucreSLnEV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度（快捷键为A键）。激活该工具后，角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换，在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUEqdMO2moki2ixUdiYc7RbFnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比（快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P），在缩放状态下，默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMmmdumskouy8mxuWTlcJcRanSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQgid2KYcoo2UkxsYKFcs6ulnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、选择集类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWOId4COeo224AxKAK0cVHOfn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqwUdWGYuo0IQ4xgtRacv2Zvnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后，单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框，在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkCqdgQ2eowkumxk12PcPQIpnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具，并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集，此时可以单击该工具选择集，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0Agd4IICo2SqixAXYBcMUEjnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、镜像对齐类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4kodGiK2oEymcxfsQZc5ihAnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两个工具是比较常用的，可以准确的复制和对齐模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UeuKdQGiyoqq6Ux4ukOceMebnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6U2daAwAoSa08xOEj2cyE3ynIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具，对齐工具包括6种类型，分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmyOdcSmWocSm2xo7FlcSSFJnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sagkd8Sg4o8eMKxY15HcFwfwn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0GQdCcuooMmmsxAxBacXKeznzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象，以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FigEdsuEcoAqCMxeifBcS2D0nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wc0qdo8sco4Ksmxg0yhc8jFSnKz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaySdOcySowsicxmST7cZbAwnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、资源管理器类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yy0WdAmOyoq0uexKA7ZcGUPjn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具，分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WG26dSyc2oiYQuxsn8tcqaxynDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了其他功能，用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VgO6dSq40o6cIYxWcDXck4E9nEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层，也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U02cdogiEoQuMcxwxalcpfyVnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、视图类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fy0wd2kGwoWSUWxlLStcsjajnwt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIicdYkQQooI0KxuYLccyVYwnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSoadk0kYoaYy4xgLXYc95VMnYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":135,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d16f640c751e46b2a988e9672071a9e2","width":779},"text":"","id":"Hc2EdmqqOoWsIqxqknTcAPZvnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式，可以用曲线来表示运动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0KMdKasUoseyixkvRzcErCQn1Z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图，通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4WodSqs8oE6KCxi0Ybc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max快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsQyd8KOcoyMsExwl4ic3f98n47"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示降级适配(开关) 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgwsdSMSAoAM26x8If8cbwt5njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCoGdSaWSom0kex2ergco1MSn6t"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排列 【Alt】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EEqCd8suWoWwoMxKUj9c7G9jnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角度捕捉(开关) 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6iOd6YuqoCwkqx75pcc0Ismnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画模式 (开关) 【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6YwdI4Kqosq8WxWGKYcB0kVnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到后视图 【K】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PGmYdiaCgoWCMSxQnWscdHv6nLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eg4edSaMio684KxoDpScg0QGn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【.】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L20udCqeYoCuECx8r16chgWQnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到上(Top)视图 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZGeudeMq2oUgKWxA3X6c2ZvNnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiCYdcSg0oeYaexCmbPcSmf6nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6YCdmwa2oAqo4x4ITfcoytEnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到前(Front)视图 【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScOIdoiCEoCgSexEnjBcrV6WnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0mSdSm2KoA0gMxe8zic27XVn6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到右(Right)视图 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOWqdk8KMoGwGcxomp0cXqMAn3E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nce2dioiUoQW2exMBXcck4jdnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMySd2sAWoUCQexua5ncfRjrn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K0iedIqwwooGgOxYDn5ctSlznJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除物体 【DEL】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYsAd4KWYoKg6IxCCX3cuys9nsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当前视图暂时失效 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIQMdW6sOoqw2ixWQ4nc1DUcnDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4gid4EmIoKaGAxk9yKcgCr7n4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示第一个工具条 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【Alt】+【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSYdmyUAoEukYxiwljcAZFknkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下轻推网格小键盘【-】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Y0d48wUoukaYxA486clU07nuy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上轻推网格小键盘【+】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwUodusSgoOgsExIVxocu62fnW2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8OodYqwEo8aaAxE19NciEh7nwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCYudAIugoUGUax8X9Acqqy8nig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqK6d64C6o6KwWx25jWc76srn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYMedGIO2osmyixQnAQc60SQnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个MAX文件 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【F5】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAoUdyQQQoGqICxmy1WcCt7Nn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"约束到Y轴 【F6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2aed4qiwo6AWSxcO75csx3Dnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UK40dCm8SoY8AIxSeRuccNT5nnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择父物体 【PageUp】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ja22dmwi6ocuu0xE9jDcGsKrn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择子物体 【PageDown】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmqQdAquSoAWOgxwHhucpHcznIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据名称选择物体 【H】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuS6diuEIoiEo2x6TZYc0Lotn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择锁定(开关) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwQQdEoEwoQayGxCwOic4qX7nhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减淡所选物体的面(开关) 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【J】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQ4kdEmkwogmCaxmedGcJa78nyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8edacSOoqgkwxSMAFc2As0ndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6KGdIyiSoq84CxOpj0ccHffngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JGq8dk8KgoSEG2xOo1scJOUunDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LGmqd682SoauS2xUNerc9QNGnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音(开关) 【】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Li06d26kaogGiUxOApFcukHPnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYW0dEOAioEac6xYh3acqgj5nKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到光线视图 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数字键盘【1】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoUAdQUicoqOcexEHtPcgksrnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4KUdiaUAoqYssxEnljcqI33nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B6GKdWKOeowiCqxmEK5cx3E4nL1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsCUdesCsoGUIKxSoGUchKVOnkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCYQdOCacoGssExqAlxcUulinzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Le8CdUMMIoyskIxkZvTci1sxnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWmgdmcGEoWGI0xuKR5cD71knuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 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【Ctrl】+【w】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMCIdQakooq6gmxsTO2cGXyMnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式放大 【[】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uy0QdCqU0oO8gOxox9scr6W5n89"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式缩小 【]】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQUYdKoQIoEAsixGAc8cjV1tnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轨迹视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MWcKdcuqcoQYUyxE9TPcWC72nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加入(Add)关键帧 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgECdaSGooy6aAxKonSc9I1lnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwoSdmWW8oIA6OxQNX3cRCBancd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REOGdqiMsoSYCaxwLjycH674nud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYUudMkGkoi00ox0oANcI3dHnQs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑区域模式 【F3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2A2doY06oW4GExpKS3cRqIYnGR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑时间模式 【F2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FmEcdO04OoaggcxkMb6cDbTznPt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开对象(Object)切换 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FW2adMwoAoSmcgxS0FWcGzzXndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2ecdC04soSKuOxOI9gcnT1Mnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0U4daUogoyysWxaO0rcsCuZn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定所选物体 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XeIKdw4oQoUWEuxMAe9c9JtxnEC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上移动高亮显示 【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L0y2dqQqCoYE8UxEJgec2aGinNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向左轻移关键帧 【←】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEoMdK2MaosgYcxW65qcs1mwnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向右轻移关键帧 【→】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RG0UdUckQoMKAWx3pSWc8aWTnqU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"位置区域模式 【F4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OykmdcIcmoEIcUxumJlcOSfRnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EksedKsO0omiqUx8WtMc8gmXn3o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ew8CdiOOkoYSiqxYBJDc7IhbnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSuMdmmYioQqkyxsjuSc2q0gnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KO4KdIwCqooGeCxg7OYcXngpnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEEcdauSIoKWMyxwfa8cEiE3n6r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmwWdiuGmoAGs8xuQY1cS2kIn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质编辑器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgyQdU6y4oQicixCmSCcxdQQnPB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgOQdIWmuo0o8Gx2N2qcvo0PnWm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg6UdWMi2o0oUixY3jeciQ5lnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R44QdOWKKoIsiIxEDXrcx3QTnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示意(Schematic)视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGKkdGMGGoe6yixwDJgc75KZnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fk2YdoWG2oKK62xKwuVcBALbnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6q4dsMImomcuUx8zvLcqUyXnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwWYdgMqEoMQgcxXKEiccRicnFQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制(Draw)区域 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4iOdou4UoMiwWxuMWRclwYunHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染(Render) 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA0MdEkmUoI6cixUB4TcxBVRnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UmS0dmUMyoka84x8dcmcKQNTnbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"草图大师基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoCsdUGsyoES66x6cW5cFBFgnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件，也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师，因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距，但是也是一款比较直观、灵活，易用的软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CESWdyoQoookkcxMhQQcPpBOnrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKCUdwcCmoWSa6xEP3BcxybGnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们想要掌握一款软件，那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具，命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括，二维的绘图工具，有画直线，矩形，圆，圆弧，多边形和手绘线等，然后是模型的编辑工具移动，旋转，缩放，推拉，路径跟随，偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具，最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8Uydo4ScokSomxgXLBcgy9rnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMOed2GUqoEoMuxm4B3cOuW4nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个SketchUp文件，点按工具栏，环绕观察命令，在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XCecdI6kUo4u4IxiSkdclOhUnme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cb72215c91c41a8b65aa1758d1fada0","width":782},"text":"","id":"MS4YdC46aoO0sax6zKpcjMJdntG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第2步，在其他工具下，如果想进行环绕观察，可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动，同样也可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KeUqdSWu8oGC24xn6xhcwSBCnrU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a5fac375c70e4d638d7f2aecca544115","width":772},"text":"","id":"UwsQdkwGkoemacxbQFTcGxBWnHF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第3步居中显示，在任意工具下，单击鼠标滚轮，都可以让点击位置居中显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgokdOIouoUyUaxyOuJc4iyZn9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4bfbf51613c847a9bbff890909651baa","width":898},"text":"","id":"POUWdqUMSo8Yw8xsvgucwxn9nVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第4步，点按工具栏上的手型，也就是平移工具，然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布，可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqsadaCWQoS686x0kcxcjG35n3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":644,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efed0134749244ca9e6c145b50b74f12","width":790},"text":"","id":"F0Ewd8GUWoWCI2xCO9Ccsusxnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第5步，在其他工具下，按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布，也可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EG06dGemQoq8cyxio5AcP2hjnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1720cfcd2f0f46f985fc01173e46244b","width":734},"text":"","id":"XwwKdsa0woGCWCxuUO3c7yACnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第6步，按下缩放工具后，在界面上按下鼠标左键，向上拖动放大显示界面，向下拖动会缩减显示界面，也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUGkdgyuQoaCO2xUHl2cbylCnLd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0b06510846a45cd8d974293fd5846b2","width":755},"text":"","id":"Qcuodu4i8oKo8UxEVypcNJSVnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第7步，点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面，该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwymdAmaOoqsQgxcrnWczAGyntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":612,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30aaa53d1c2b48ad83bab1eca8af5517","width":840},"text":"","id":"UqeGdYOIwoOGmox46rgcrMJXnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第8步，这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQwCdg8SqoecQIxKs29c8ETvnKd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":513,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4090aabba8da484ea21335ab60b915f9","width":842},"text":"","id":"EEACd8o6so0gcYxOCmKcuArinvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8QIdaGCOouOiSxwsbAcfBMRnTo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2CIdy8Kyo4EW0xqYfGcmLIJnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kwoqdcs4woAOcKxumXscs23snFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、建模前的准备工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4S4d04ykouC4MxQlCKchrgRnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"tex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Max 2020实用教程》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkuWdWuuKoEky0x4JZ0cm4m2n9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":604,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c4b2470b246d4b04aef8cfa7e328d6d3","width":646},"text":"","id":"GW2YdUoeWocoaqx2Xlhc4orOnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PmsEdwOSOoy0MSxqg35csBelnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":579,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7f21a5f6555490787388b1b6efecaa6","width":712},"text":"","id":"V2M4dwK42oyaECx4HEscHbAtnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品，涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型，其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异，有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMSEdCIUCoGCeWxSOVTcL1JXnWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e6a56d83f794763ad82ced246dca36d","width":609},"text":"","id":"JQeCdCucyooSmGxuq11c3Ir1noh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计过程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UCcQd8coeoSysExA9Ksc9YsVnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计的过程分为三个阶段，策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWmUds86go0ggmxyMR7cUgIcnTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"策划阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcGsd4uKyow0EsxuGLecgU1Incf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、由甲方或业主提出要求，比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PSgQdGI4SoEmM0xOIT0cGBzan1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、需要现场勘测，收集原始土建图纸资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSW0d0w44oq4OIxWotAcyZ29neg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图，草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UksedEgISoQowkxItBQc3Jl6nYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方案阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyOqdcsoioauOMxu4N0cFf2Yn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在概念草图的基础上，深入设计，进行方案的分析和比较，比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUigdoYM8o4cqexcv8bcAFgInph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、与土建和装修的前后衔接，图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoeIdIsWsoMksAx6AObc1tSWnPI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"施工图阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B44odmimOoU0m4xIDX0cLM5ynAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、装修施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8EWdSoEEomwAKxG2xAch9fvngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bs0Gd6cEwoeEwWxlfMucqLh2nwV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEiudqSYgoa8ocxA3h9cgTJsnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③立面图、剖面图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWG8d2uikoESC0xolDscWkERnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④大样图、详图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKCidsykwomoa4xOypLcPUvTnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、设备施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SsO0deqoaoUoWSx2lUMcHruOn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①给排水：系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8Cde2owooYSQxEbXic3xhBn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②电气：强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QeyudoQIKoEi8QxIh5CcYCJVnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③暖通：系统、空调布置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0UqdUuaeoEGEAxKsErc0E9Rn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YcKOd6q66oiUUqxodCUccXnAngd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcUodUiUioQy8CxspPXcoHhVnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格以流线型为主要设计，这种风格以平滑的表面，精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”，采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料，与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwISd0yiqo2UUgxgJQbcO6mInXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":489,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1df868fb262149348a30e84b26be2f5f","width":805},"text":"","id":"I4cmdyIO2ogcCKxWAn0ckjnRnNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RikAdgWOWoGiGIxmaplc6taMnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新，工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名，即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件，这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调，和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明，与粗犷的空间形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EaG2dk4KOoio8wx21Dockm50nWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e1d33e7c0114db7ad23984f10d610dd","width":784},"text":"","id":"MWsAdG6yGoSyk8x4tv5ceyy3n9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"北欧风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoEWdWwgaoy4YsxwXRNcyaHXnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上，我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片，它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。","id":"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整体性设计原则：保证室内空间协调一致的美感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOMQdUYccosCcqxo3MLc0g9Bnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0y2dYgmooSu4yxuQ82c7fwZnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、 审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgE0dskKOos4SSxkTotcmaE0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、 技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kca2d2AoQoawAqxMF82cmPaJnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、 经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q44SdqqIeoykoUxQb8icmnZBnJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DGkWdKemsoqseAxv44VcGuaWnCC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Akc8dmq2qoymS0xATksc8snun7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"教材：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6sUd2SmMo0ciCxe6sFczresnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《色彩构成》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOYkd6yKmo2GWyxYRcDcr4J5nNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOsudaaQQoGq8Kx2tg1cT4BFnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fec6duW4woEisaxoFg9cyaHCnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOUEdcKqQoeOq2xe8IbcZyRgntT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImYSdYaMio8O08xCurjcJ2WFnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0YadYaOMoAkqCx4fGycgoZNnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mk0IdMQO2oiScsxIUFNcAUfvnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频课程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XUkWdGIEgooYUMx6WFBcBqeHnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计零基础入门教程","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Haqcdcgi2oSui2xKKkxcj3XAn3n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6E8dYG8coyQkCxGCkWc2b6Hnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彻底学会3DMAX","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UqQIdWm2WoacasxaiGqcWeFCnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkSsd4YGYowW4ixkj8Pc85EfnEh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E