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T5签证COS

麻将可谓是中华传统的国粹。在全国各地,麻将几乎成了最受欢迎的休闲消遣方式,甚至已经走向世界,深受全世界人民的喜爱。但尽管麻将如此普及,依然有的人不懂,今天就教教大家常规麻将的打法。

认识麻将

麻将组成

麻将张数

麻将有万子、筒子、条子、字牌、花牌五种类型

万子:一万~九万(共四组 36张)

筒子:一筒~九筒(共四组 36张)

条子:一条~九条(共四组 36张)

字牌:东南西北、中发白(共四组 28张)

花牌:春夏秋冬梅兰菊竹(只一组 8张)

以上就是麻将所包含的所有牌型,合加起来一共144张。有些地方玩麻将不加入花牌,则一共136张。花牌的存在一般用于增加番数,番越多牌越大,赢钱则越多。

麻将牌组合

1、顺子点数值连续的三张同花色的牌组成顺子,例如一、二、三万,六、七、八筒,四、五、六条等等。

2、对子点数值相同的两张同花色的牌组成对子,例如三、三万,六、六筒,八、八条等等。

3、刻子点数值相同的三张同花色的牌组成刻子,例如三、三、三万,六、六、六筒,八、八、八条等等。

4、杠子点数值相同的四张同花色的牌组成杠子,例如三、三、三、三万,六、六、六、六筒,八、八、八、八条等等。

麻将胡牌组合

1、平胡①11、123、123、123、123②11、123、123、123、111③11、123、123、111、111④11、123、111、111、111⑤11、111、111、111、1112

麻将规则

座位

很多时候座位都是随意的,也有比较讲究的地方通过投骰子,根据大小来定位置,还有地方通过抓牌决定。

洗牌

把牌全反扣过来,使牌面朝下。玩家双手搓动牌,使牌均匀而无序地运动,称为“洗牌”。

码牌

洗均匀之后,每人码36张牌,两张牌上下摞在一起为一墩,各自为18墩,并码成牌墙摆在自己门前,四人牌墙左右相接成正方形。

抓牌顺序

正常的顺序,东风先上庄,然后投骰子,根据扔出的点数,逆时针方向找到庄家,庄家第一个抓牌。

抓牌位置

庄家决定之后,抓牌人扔骰子,根据点数从左往右数点数,开始抓牌,按照东南西北顺时针抓牌。

抓牌数量

首个抓牌人,抓14张牌,其余人抓13张,局面正式开始。

出牌

庄家第一个出牌,若庄家最后一张牌可以碰、杠、吃,那么要继续摸牌,直到打出第一张为止。

其他玩家可以碰、杠和吃牌,但是碰、杠、吃以后,必须要摸一张牌打出,继续游戏。

胡牌

直到有人胡牌,游戏结束。

胡牌必须有至少一对成对的牌才可以。比如手里有四张牌了3、4、5筒,还有个1万,此时你就胡1万。如果是对2条,还有3、4筒,此时你胡2、5筒。如果是对红中、和对发财,此时胡红中和发财。

吃牌

只能吃上家打的牌,比如:庄家是东,打了4筒,家里有能搭档上4筒的,比如345,234,456均可以吃。

碰牌

比如你有一对二条,有人打了二条,你就可以碰,碰后再抓牌。

杠牌

明杠:手里有三个二条,其他人打来一张二条,你就可以杠,从杠低抓一张牌,然后再出牌。

暗杠:手里有四个二条,就可以暗杠,从杠低抓一张牌,然后再出牌。

杠低:庄家第一次抓牌时剩余的牌,从右往左抓。

麻将技巧

麻将是一款运气占大部分的棋牌游戏,就算刚刚学会打麻将,只要运气好,一样可以打赢所谓的麻将高手。但是运气天注定,无法改变,只能尽量学习技巧,提高技术了。

打麻将的基本原则

观察及分析

仔细观察,分析牌局是打麻将最基本的技巧之一!

众所周知,打麻将玩得是认真,看得是仔细,一定要专注,是对牌友最起码的尊重。

想要做好这两点,不在别人,而在自己,也会在牌局后期起到很大的作用!

学会思考

在牌局后期,只会出现两种情况,听牌以及不听牌。

到了后期,每个人出牌都是小心翼翼的,就是为了防止自己给别人点炮;当自己听牌后,可以根据上手的牌进行思考,影响别人的判断,从而更好的胡牌。

但是思考的时间不宜过长也不宜过多,否则不仅达不到想要的效果,甚至会造成牌友来自内心的厌恶。

注意出牌势头

打麻将时,还得适当注意一下出牌的势头。

尤其是在牌局的后期,很多人在铜牌后都会选择一直等待,在摸到一张牌后毫不犹豫地将其打出,也不管对自己有没有用!

这样子自己虽然高兴了,其他也也都高兴了,因为都喜欢这种豪爽的人,没有任何的拖拖绕绕!

注意先走为赢

打麻将时,很多人到最后都没有胡牌的很大一个原因不是上手困难,而是喜欢贪牌。

很多时候,输赢往往就在一念之间。

不是说不能胡牌,而是白白地将胡牌的机会给推出去了!只为了那虚无缥缈的好牌。

该拆则拆

拿到对子或者顺子时,在确定自己想要做的牌型后,要及时将其拆解掉;防止后期变成压垮骆驼的一根稻草!

有些人在遇到刻子或者对子的时候舍不得将其拆解掉,认为一定会上手,从而错过最佳的转变牌型的时刻,影响整局游戏的结果。

注意手中牌型

当牌局刚刚开始的时候,要注意手中的牌型以及数目,防止少一张牌或者多一张牌;

要知道,多牌或者少牌,在牌局开始以及杠牌的时候最容易造成,其他时候基本上不会有这种情况。

不管在牌局前期还是中后期,根据上手的牌进行牌局的转变,将整个牌局掌控在自己的手中,才能在牌局中为所欲为!

出牌技巧

开牌出牌

1、开局出牌,留单不留风

牌局开始的时候,玩家们手中拿的牌都是随机的,拿到的牌型好坏全靠运气。一般来讲,除开极少数运气爆棚,开局拿牌就能听牌的玩家之外,大多数玩家起手的牌都是比较乱的,手里面一般都会有单张字牌或者东西南北风,在这种时候首先打出的往往就是风牌,字牌的单牌则是后打。

因为东南西北中发白这类的牌,组合牌型需要的难度系数比较大,而字牌的单牌,既可以成对,也可以成顺子,牌型成型的可能性更高,这也是“留单不留风”的依据。

2、开局舍牌先丢弃孤张

麻将开局前几圈的时候,应该先将手上的孤张舍出,尤其是单张的风牌、箭牌,然后是幺九牌,最后是中张牌,因为中张牌比较容易摸到搭子,所以舍牌顺序一般是风箭牌,幺九牌然后是中张牌。

3、不要乱碰牌,谨记七不碰

很多麻友们在打麻将的时候基本是见对子就碰,等到碰完牌才发现把一手牌打的乱七八糟,实际上打麻将很多对子是不建议碰的。"七不碰"原则了解一下:有搭不碰,爆肚不碰,三连对不碰,有坎不碰,上家不碰,下家牌好不碰,有叫也不碰。

中盘出牌

中盘阶段,手中闲牌基本打完,你可以考虑拆带对搭子或多余的对子、边塔、嵌搭以及其它多余的面子牌。如果此时手中还有没组合的中张牌,只要不是以缺门为考量,应及时打出去。毕竟这个时候,很难入张,不如尽早做调整。

说到拆舍带对的搭子,由于这类搭子例如五、五、六万,既可两面进张组成副子,又可碰坎,两个成牌路子。综合考量:

1、你已无别的闲牌可打。

2、拆了之后即便下家吃进一张,再打第二张他吃进的可能性也就很小了。

3、你既然已有碰坎又不缺将牌(如若缺将断坎,不会轻易拆带对搭子),虽然既可吃又可碰,多了一个机会。

听牌后出牌

听牌后出牌,主要考虑出牌的安全性,不能点炮,以及尽可能的使胡牌的目标最优化。

1、学会记牌算牌很重要。能记住其它人分别出过什么牌,从而判断出别人分别想要什么牌,这样可以减少放炮或给别人碰牌等。把别人想碰或有可能胡的牌扣起,打牌尽量跟章,如不能跟单就打熟章,也就是别人或自己曾经出过的牌,如果熟也没有,那就尽量打边章,如一九之类的。

2、打牌接近末尾,切忌打生张。打牌接近末尾,生牌点炮的概率极高,已经打过一两张的也要谨慎出牌。

3、不宜改口。眼看要胡的牌一直没出,临近“黄庄”,宁可不胡牌,也不要改。如果改口打出的是热熟牌,根据形势,可以考虑,否则绝对不要改。

4、注意观察听牌家的切牌。如果听牌家摸牌即打,说明入牌不对,如果顺手打出的是两端的牌,说明这类牌比较安全。如果听牌家摸牌入手,替换出的为中间牌,则说明该舍牌的附近多为安全区。

5、不要过度贪图大胡。不要贪碰碰牌过多,手牌则很少,在舍牌时选择余地过小,技术无法运用,放炮概率增大。

6、危险牌要找准机会。假设牌局中始终是一名对手听牌,在其听牌之初,我们对其和牌的猜测是一个很大的范幽,既可能是这张牌。也可能是那张牌,总之,几乎是姆一张牌都有可能放炮.此时的生张,看似危险,舍出去放炮的可能性却很小,毕竞对手求和的只是众多牌张中的一两张牌。因此,若自己欲和牌,在对手听牌之初.闯生张可以大胆一些。危险牌应早打,一般应于二进入听之前打掉,多留一巡多一分危险。早打可能一家要,晚打就可能两家甚至三家都要,牌家必须想通这个道理。

听牌技巧

听牌看人

听牌看人就是看牌手的性格,情绪,技术和习惯。对手不同,打法不同,所运用的技巧也就不同。听牌一定要把人为的因素也考虑在内。

听牌看势

这里,可以归纳为这样几句顺口溜:早听单钓可转牌,巧张抓进做大牌,能听不听宜听牌,抓进炮牌扣住牌。

择听宜慢

在选择听牌方向和路数时,既要近观,又要远瞻,审时夺势,慎重判断。如手牌是:23456饼,究竟舍哪张牌听牌就要根据全盘形势和牌势来决定。

听牌为先

听牌首先要讲速度,以最快的速度听牌是最重要的事。有大做大,无大求快,顺势而为。

听牌先算

要计算听牌、和牌张数,防止漏胡,失去和牌的机会。

听牌防险

不能只想和牌不顾安全。一般来说,拼一拼二不拼三,拼三必犯险。

如何成为高手

善于总结经验

有些人每天打,却称不上高手,因为他不善于总结,每次都不知道输赢的关键在哪,这样的人打一辈子麻将依旧是原地踏步,只有在实战中不断总结经验,摒弃不好的行牌习惯,发扬良好的牌风,风格多变,根据不同的对手运用不同的打法,才有可能跻身高手的行列。

善于灵活变通

麻将桌上,我们在处于不利的局面下,如果还继续保持一贯的打法,行牌顺序一成不变,那接下来大概率还会输,真正的高手,从来不拘泥于一种打法,懂得灵活变通,在短暂的不利条件下,换一下出牌顺序,或者换一下座位,往往会变不利为有力。

善于观察

战场上讲究眼观六路耳听八方,麻将桌上也一样,眼、耳都是观察”敌情“的最佳道具,对手出牌时的一个小动作或者一句无意的话,都能透露出许多信息,我们要根据这些扑捉到的信息及时做出反应,才能多占据赢面。

很多人会说,你既要做到这点又要做到那点,打个麻将而已,你累不累啊,累,当然累,哪个高手不是累出来的,不过,一旦你成了高手,这些不是固定风格的打法将会成为你的风格,打起来就会得心应手,也就不会感觉累了。

打麻将禁忌

心事多,打牌乱

打麻将最忌讳的就是心不静,杂事多。心事一多、三心二意、心不在焉,很可能会漏跳牌、忘记吃牌、碰牌,甚至可能连胡牌了都不知道,更不要说制定出牌策略、猜测对手牌型这些需要脑力的技巧了。

搓麻心烦意乱时,建议尽快调整好心态,保持良好的心态搓麻;如若尝试很久都无法进入状态,建议先处理好烦心事,改日再搓。打麻将是为了开心,心事过多会降低搓麻胜率,减少搓麻体验感,让心情更加烦躁,何不调整心态,择日再战,重新出发。

消耗多,精神差

麻友们有没有这样的经历,怎么一旦晚上通宵,第二天打麻将胜率就会变低?这是因为内耗太多,没有多余的精力分配在打麻将上,容易精神恍惚,出错牌。别人在思索怎么做牌,而你在和周公约会的路上,怎么能把牌打好。

打麻将前一定要休息好,切忌在麻将桌上不吃不喝、熬夜搓麻,要知道保持清醒的头脑,良好的精神状态是拥有稳定搓麻水平的前提,精神状态不好,晕晕乎乎、似醒非醒,会被对手察觉到你的弱点,容易放大炮。

生人多,猜牌难

麻友圈子里一直都流传着:“新手打牌胜率高”的言论,当牌桌上有很多生人时,麻友们大多不愿同他们一起搓麻,有人说这是迷信,有人说这是排外,其实不是,这里面是有搓麻道理的。

我们大都愿意同熟人一起打麻将,一是轻松自在,不仅能搓麻还能培养感情,开心加倍;二是我们相对了解熟人的打牌策略、出牌习惯,能通过他们的姿态猜测出牌型,便于我们做牌。而和生人打牌,他的性格、习惯、技术我们都无从了解,打麻将很难得心应手。

温馨提醒

麻将一类的娱乐消遣游戏,合理利用则利国利民。工作累了、心情不好的时候,找几个麻友一起打打,消磨一下时光,挥发一下那些不好的情绪,这样无伤大雅!但是过度消遣可能家财破散。

小赌怡情,大赌伤身,麻将虽好,可不要沉迷噢!

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","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9348397f32a44216bfd544fe6c067b68","width":532},"text":"","id":"doxcneueUYEAWiGEGGOC0xCaJAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"筒子:一筒~九筒(共四组 36张)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYsCqmImWQ64WKEo14dI7cf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":79,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5cf17d7ee1f452ca17def23ef9f3d47","width":549},"text":"","id":"doxcnAwI4cuqGws2omE45gXFD4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"条子:一条~九条(共四组 36张) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMEgGYIUsEwUcYx9Ba6QYMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":92,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b237e6c4d3f548539af5c74be1ef0ab9","width":516},"text":"","id":"doxcnOc4AS8U6iG8qcd1hFkuYBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字牌:东南西北、中发白(共四组 28张)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYiWe60IwESIWbUP2K1TOAT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":77,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c6d76570799b4acd97ac9f9ade398c7e","width":531},"text":"","id":"doxcnAYgOGM6QMsAmaOAk0MIuHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"花牌:春夏秋冬梅兰菊竹(只一组 8张)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQiUmymCYqI8u6tQqbE8Uqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":90,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05104f9eb356431d978c36bd12a6dfdd","width":532},"text":"","id":"doxcnkIkOOeokskskwNMG2PX6kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是麻将所包含的所有牌型,合加起来一共144张。有些地方玩麻将不加入花牌,则一共136张。花牌的存在一般用于增加番数,番越多牌越大,赢钱则越多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkI0Emye4cYAES0BYzsMzMd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将牌组合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniu6Wi8K0qeA8qSCv09NwYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将牌组合","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d876501f21b9444ca3fe3231a52dfdf8","width":540},"text":"","id":"doxcncEOKQ0Cq26IkSQkms1YXMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqo4asiWEmSoIw7mg3dhOPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、顺子点数值连续的三张同花色的牌组成顺子,例如一、二、三万,六、七、八筒,四、五、六条等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2U8U02mA6o0i9ggrdaqfk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对子点数值相同的两张同花色的牌组成对子,例如三、三万,六、六筒,八、八条等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OSUY2qo0k0MY7Dm4Jlsud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、刻子点数值相同的三张同花色的牌组成刻子,例如三、三、三万,六、六、六筒,八、八、八条等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAGOSI8KGk0I24ldKlwWizh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、杠子点数值相同的四张同花色的牌组成杠子,例如三、三、三、三万,六、六、六、六筒,八、八、八、八条等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeIA688uMkksQvWgIU61vf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将胡牌组合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4qyYawQUAUugsBXek8mUVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、平胡①11、123、123、123、123②11、123、123、123、111③11、123、123、111、111④11、123、111、111、111⑤11、111、111、111、1112","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKAi6CkMgoGEWiQzHvI0l5g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将胡牌组合","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/879948a027074beebf2c817af7bf0ae0","width":860},"text":"","id":"doxcnusei2OeC4OiEM3sQAX4sHe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKwwY0ecQ0YosY5QEjvOutc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"座位 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIeySC66OkwGqWe8hEmjZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多时候座位都是随意的,也有比较讲究的地方通过投骰子,根据大小来定位置,还有地方通过抓牌决定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYkmeKYaQKCoc6L8Q1QBr1d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkacIqQqgSysWi4bvLccUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"把牌全反扣过来,使牌面朝下。玩家双手搓动牌,使牌均匀而无序地运动,称为“洗牌”。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcic2Uy0oEcae096xalAqQ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"码牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncyEaouEqAuKKKOfnp1OBbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗均匀之后,每人码36张牌,两张牌上下摞在一起为一墩,各自为18墩,并码成牌墙摆在自己门前,四人牌墙左右相接成正方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEcIg0ascGMYgaQBDT7fquf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抓牌顺序","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6uAsE4gIOAC6ah7OcXUUm5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正常的顺序,东风先上庄,然后投骰子,根据扔出的点数,逆时针方向找到庄家,庄家第一个抓牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn88kgWi6e8wa6gdWo1PC16c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抓牌位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8CmY4OM6iswO4DEn2ZGvGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"庄家决定之后,抓牌人扔骰子,根据点数从左往右数点数,开始抓牌,按照东南西北顺时针抓牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMsyk4McYCikKoFGgjDwy4c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抓牌数量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQi04u6oGAe2QhD7cbaCze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首个抓牌人,抓14张牌,其余人抓13张,局面正式开始。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq4am2OqeAGeOQBZxPurHqd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"出牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCY6kSYyk62sewz4wZuzfDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"庄家第一个出牌,若庄家最后一张牌可以碰、杠、吃,那么要继续摸牌,直到打出第一张为止。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeA2I2QgOSUgYrI3A5FM8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他玩家可以碰、杠和吃牌,但是碰、杠、吃以后,必须要摸一张牌打出,继续游戏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsgqickAQauCQW4yH6mA45c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"胡牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMOga2AWSecWayiZUDuL8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"直到有人胡牌,游戏结束。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8IYwy8oKiMsc14fTFrpLMs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"胡牌必须有至少一对成对的牌才可以。比如手里有四张牌了3、4、5筒,还有个1万,此时你就胡1万。如果是对2条,还有3、4筒,此时你胡2、5筒。如果是对红中、和对发财,此时胡红中和发财。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI8W68ki08oIowNKCvDkRqd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吃牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY46aakC4mSWYa4ccHPlMVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只能吃上家打的牌,比如:庄家是东,打了4筒,家里有能搭档上4筒的,比如345,234,456均可以吃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOakCWgoayGgEGu2GkYJG6g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"碰牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6Og6CIkcqU6emnsLj6L9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如你有一对二条,有人打了二条,你就可以碰,碰后再抓牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUSuAIIwCSaigpRCd3ZW0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"杠牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAMeEGEaCuk28Zkoh40QUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明杠:手里有三个二条,其他人打来一张二条,你就可以杠,从杠低抓一张牌,然后再出牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSwwo02Ua4GKmqKyfofESzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暗杠:手里有四个二条,就可以暗杠,从杠低抓一张牌,然后再出牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsI0UoKiYyOQoo5FAgI3lre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"杠低:庄家第一次抓牌时剩余的牌,从右往左抓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCK4QGqYoIiAUIHSD1i57oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"杠牌","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8e295bea11445c1a2117492faab3c15","width":2000},"text":"","id":"doxcnAmu2K6w6USUAgndNXhsshd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqquAkqum8KYE9XYIcOexb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniecqWOMeMm44k30WBAGRKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将是一款运气占大部分的棋牌游戏,就算刚刚学会打麻将,只要运气好,一样可以打赢所谓的麻将高手。但是运气天注定,无法改变,只能尽量学习技巧,提高技术了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYScsSKMiqGme5pmbiibed"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"打麻将的基本原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwiso0OCSqGISwSIjCw1th"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"观察及分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGcW0WK60Ssw0uGTgKi5t5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仔细观察,分析牌局是打麻将最基本的技巧之一!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUmAg48ySmQOcWU8ETaFb9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"众所周知,打麻将玩得是认真,看得是仔细,一定要专注,是对牌友最起码的尊重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngaA2saOgsYkAumddQn1xig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要做好这两点,不在别人,而在自己,也会在牌局后期起到很大的作用!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcc6W0AsYEewamCX2qzoEh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学会思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQU2CI8UWY0Uk0ifbNqkVFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在牌局后期,只会出现两种情况,听牌以及不听牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6e4Oq64UcoUcw5Tp4Ejqag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"到了后期,每个人出牌都是小心翼翼的,就是为了防止自己给别人点炮;当自己听牌后,可以根据上手的牌进行思考,影响别人的判断,从而更好的胡牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGkCeqAiM8yIqLRUnXC5DK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但是思考的时间不宜过长也不宜过多,否则不仅达不到想要的效果,甚至会造成牌友来自内心的厌恶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OW6648oscgQkniu27KKLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意出牌势头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEu20UMIamiY4dR2HOA8LLR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打麻将时,还得适当注意一下出牌的势头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgY4q2WouU0mGSAm3sFmzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尤其是在牌局的后期,很多人在铜牌后都会选择一直等待,在摸到一张牌后毫不犹豫地将其打出,也不管对自己有没有用!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyI4YIA8SkS4ukj12Bk26Ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这样子自己虽然高兴了,其他也也都高兴了,因为都喜欢这种豪爽的人,没有任何的拖拖绕绕!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0oCuaQ4SU4o0GpPSibqEe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意先走为赢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniyAsyaS2w0UMauHpJlljNJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打麻将时,很多人到最后都没有胡牌的很大一个原因不是上手困难,而是喜欢贪牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOMuk4AGIgyIAKgkaNawKfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多时候,输赢往往就在一念之间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEoiAIUIWcSKS6xZ0W7DMqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不是说不能胡牌,而是白白地将胡牌的机会给推出去了!只为了那虚无缥缈的好牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oImsyqac4uactZ0Nvbvf7"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"该拆则拆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcWyGkq8kyWcoDx0fopCnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿到对子或者顺子时,在确定自己想要做的牌型后,要及时将其拆解掉;防止后期变成压垮骆驼的一根稻草!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIW2KaiEss6qEElsCovW3Hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有些人在遇到刻子或者对子的时候舍不得将其拆解掉,认为一定会上手,从而错过最佳的转变牌型的时刻,影响整局游戏的结果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagqsQcOWecOqCgwRKOHcJg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意手中牌型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngwqGakKoy0mSwD3EzSfLke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当牌局刚刚开始的时候,要注意手中的牌型以及数目,防止少一张牌或者多一张牌;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyiuGEMSEAGamUJyrC0aQPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要知道,多牌或者少牌,在牌局开始以及杠牌的时候最容易造成,其他时候基本上不会有这种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE8kI0smACgOmkSNT4fn7db"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不管在牌局前期还是中后期,根据上手的牌进行牌局的转变,将整个牌局掌控在自己的手中,才能在牌局中为所欲为!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAuE8Y0EIA44IHMdiU1wvg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意手中牌型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ea3fe37c1a84e4aa252b2261993b7da","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnEosiw46AsGQEuAaw80wXQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0q6SEAyyUYiakzcCQdONsd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"出牌技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMyOmSMciYUyYroViwjz9e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"开牌出牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6WEsaqGEygikhoCLJObQbB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、开局出牌,留单不留风","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqe6AS8Oqkc4yWGR4cQm0q4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"牌局开始的时候,玩家们手中拿的牌都是随机的,拿到的牌型好坏全靠运气。一般来讲,除开极少数运气爆棚,开局拿牌就能听牌的玩家之外,大多数玩家起手的牌都是比较乱的,手里面一般都会有单张字牌或者东西南北风,在这种时候首先打出的往往就是风牌,字牌的单牌则是后打。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIoiquoWayky6lK3BPp21b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为东南西北中发白这类的牌,组合牌型需要的难度系数比较大,而字牌的单牌,既可以成对,也可以成顺子,牌型成型的可能性更高,这也是“留单不留风”的依据。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncW82GqwkyCGAYhqZijVIFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、开局舍牌先丢弃孤张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyy48USiUYumKEx0o08yvrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将开局前几圈的时候,应该先将手上的孤张舍出,尤其是单张的风牌、箭牌,然后是幺九牌,最后是中张牌,因为中张牌比较容易摸到搭子,所以舍牌顺序一般是风箭牌,幺九牌然后是中张牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeM64KgsG0gAAxtB9Ess9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、不要乱碰牌,谨记七不碰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWisuKSK24WakK0NFwDWnLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多麻友们在打麻将的时候基本是见对子就碰,等到碰完牌才发现把一手牌打的乱七八糟,实际上打麻将很多对子是不建议碰的。"七不碰"原则了解一下:有搭不碰,爆肚不碰,三连对不碰,有坎不碰,上家不碰,下家牌好不碰,有叫也不碰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4oWcYuIwEaiWyGuI2xzah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":346,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"开牌出牌","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/feacd2a8c783426588aad99db04d99ef","width":582},"text":"","id":"doxcnokAuaIuay44Um0L7jUp4jh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMSQYksQyKuSSsMQEDtMHf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中盘出牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGky8MqQOQCAia8U0KZe2lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中盘阶段,手中闲牌基本打完,你可以考虑拆带对搭子或多余的对子、边塔、嵌搭以及其它多余的面子牌。如果此时手中还有没组合的中张牌,只要不是以缺门为考量,应及时打出去。毕竟这个时候,很难入张,不如尽早做调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAoei8a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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2IwmwKA4QUyCsZr0ID9kIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"听牌看人就是看牌手的性格,情绪,技术和习惯。对手不同,打法不同,所运用的技巧也就不同。听牌一定要把人为的因素也考虑在内。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgsoicegCMm62lqk38iO9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听牌看势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0aoeSuy0cys5ucJ6kmsfI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里,可以归纳为这样几句顺口溜:早听单钓可转牌,巧张抓进做大牌,能听不听宜听牌,抓进炮牌扣住牌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneiY8IsAya8ocoPB14XYTQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQimMsgQqeKASsqjVsWJqf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":394,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"听牌看势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7041f2cfad3f4ddc94df0ba7bef75f03","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnSESgWieSQi20KmBI7AI07c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"择听宜慢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqIiGqGOEcQisq0OxcgFjxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在选择听牌方向和路数时,既要近观,又要远瞻,审时夺势,慎重判断。如手牌是:23456饼,究竟舍哪张牌听牌就要根据全盘形势和牌势来决定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8csU64AuoAE4sjRBfJmkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听牌为先","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6k0CEA6uIuM6KFaYJw44g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"听牌首先要讲速度,以最快的速度听牌是最重要的事。有大做大,无大求快,顺势而为。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOmAaC6sqAa0leu3OyDEFw"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听牌先算","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyGUm2GcMEswgYFrl4yv8Lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要计算听牌、和牌张数,防止漏胡,失去和牌的机会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwEqI2YwM4Q0oyNz9gfOiD"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听牌防险","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnacsgMuy6Uii8O2nyvryUQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不能只想和牌不顾安全。一般来说,拼一拼二不拼三,拼三必犯险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYIgIYmaGI8ao3wPRFdEOx0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGC86eo2YK6mQ21nuPMVxDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":422,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"听牌防险","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f74e056b3e234b568056ef7dfea0ef32","width":750},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOEayQAK4OQio5jPjivw5c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何成为高手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSmyQYU0Yc60GOikC3ejSEc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"善于总结经验","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuY6KU0OQ0aymsrcWxBSywe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有些人每天打,却称不上高手,因为他不善于总结,每次都不知道输赢的关键在哪,这样的人打一辈子麻将依旧是原地踏步,只有在实战中不断总结经验,摒弃不好的行牌习惯,发扬良好的牌风,风格多变,根据不同的对手运用不同的打法,才有可能跻身高手的行列。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY0oqWeUq4IiEE3Mt8kmSYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"善于灵活变通","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqySqSIiSYQWWMD79P18gNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将桌上,我们在处于不利的局面下,如果还继续保持一贯的打法,行牌顺序一成不变,那接下来大概率还会输,真正的高手,从来不拘泥于一种打法,懂得灵活变通,在短暂的不利条件下,换一下出牌顺序,或者换一下座位,往往会变不利为有力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAks8M4KmqeKAq4aIEmFYSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"善于观察","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowEMIqIe8Iw6yGaDxTmiPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"战场上讲究眼观六路耳听八方,麻将桌上也一样,眼、耳都是观察”敌情“的最佳道具,对手出牌时的一个小动作或者一句无意的话,都能透露出许多信息,我们要根据这些扑捉到的信息及时做出反应,才能多占据赢面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqGCqg8KCMOeKKU6Mtu4gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人会说,你既要做到这点又要做到那点,打个麻将而已,你累不累啊,累,当然累,哪个高手不是累出来的,不过,一旦你成了高手,这些不是固定风格的打法将会成为你的风格,打起来就会得心应手,也就不会感觉累了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne8sGYyQOi28Qm261P83Fsg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":768,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"善于观察","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65f4bd9952404c5eb0ff24a4df42eedc","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn0awkisgMwEgK6hmPA5Sqhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"打麻将禁忌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6mCiswWwWyuq2vxwxlSryb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"心事多,打牌乱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQy684qkGueu6tsKr8lQCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打麻将最忌讳的就是心不静,杂事多。心事一多、三心二意、心不在焉,很可能会漏跳牌、忘记吃牌、碰牌,甚至可能连胡牌了都不知道,更不要说制定出牌策略、猜测对手牌型这些需要脑力的技巧了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0KqQEya8yeqsCefysXrvUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"搓麻心烦意乱时,建议尽快调整好心态,保持良好的心态搓麻;如若尝试很久都无法进入状态,建议先处理好烦心事,改日再搓。打麻将是为了开心,心事过多会降低搓麻胜率,减少搓麻体验感,让心情更加烦躁,何不调整心态,择日再战,重新出发。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGGKyMwoAGwISiOKJQaG2uf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"消耗多,精神差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniy20iyWOYA6i4wk4RmyBHB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻友们有没有这样的经历,怎么一旦晚上通宵,第二天打麻将胜率就会变低?这是因为内耗太多,没有多余的精力分配在打麻将上,容易精神恍惚,出错牌。别人在思索怎么做牌,而你在和周公约会的路上,怎么能把牌打好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AIOiCqCeWiKEtTb5nCzIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打麻将前一定要休息好,切忌在麻将桌上不吃不喝、熬夜搓麻,要知道保持清醒的头脑,良好的精神状态是拥有稳定搓麻水平的前提,精神状态不好,晕晕乎乎、似醒非醒,会被对手察觉到你的弱点,容易放大炮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAMOiMkscmok6SIu9dsEVeh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"生人多,猜牌难","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQSo6QAUCoqu0UcvF5b7Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻友圈子里一直都流传着:“新手打牌胜率高”的言论,当牌桌上有很多生人时,麻友们大多不愿同他们一起搓麻,有人说这是迷信,有人说这是排外,其实不是,这里面是有搓麻道理的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaogogYkeWCs2HRh2BOxpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们大都愿意同熟人一起打麻将,一是轻松自在,不仅能搓麻还能培养感情,开心加倍;二是我们相对了解熟人的打牌策略、出牌习惯,能通过他们的姿态猜测出牌型,便于我们做牌。而和生人打牌,他的性格、习惯、技术我们都无从了解,打麻将很难得心应手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnemCSICiWk6w8E9lAyJivsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":320,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"生人多,猜牌难","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de4728733e2740748a1b04482a24d7c9","width":320},"text":"","id":"doxcnUKCwAoUIkMMUcv4GmePXtf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"温馨提醒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaIUeuuUkUiKPZ0QPc7kGy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将一类的娱乐消遣游戏,合理利用则利国利民。工作累了、心情不好的时候,找几个麻友一起打打,消磨一下时光,挥发一下那些不好的情绪,这样无伤大雅!但是过度消遣可能家财破散。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaaAiWsggiuCyCiLGBuxAvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小赌怡情,大赌伤身,麻将虽好,可不要沉迷噢!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMy8QQyIYYGWGwvaPYWgwb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"温馨提醒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d6f0c0661ad472283522dbd61f01ea9","width":571},"text":"","id":"doxcnyio6sy4Y6yGW0cKpldERgc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqwaAu4QmcGYKMODj7FMBbb"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

T5签证CoS一般多久下来

萨克斯属于一种木管乐器,但管体通常会使用黄铜来制造,使得萨克斯在声音的力度上不但具有着铜管类乐器的特性,而且在音质也有着木管乐器的特点,特别是声音上带有金属的明亮度,是其他木管乐器无法比拟的。

介绍

萨克斯有倍低音萨克斯,低音萨克斯、上低音萨克斯、次中音萨克斯、C调萨克斯、中音萨克斯、F调高音萨克斯、高音萨克斯、C调高音萨克斯、超高音萨克斯。

萨克斯有多种音域和调性,其中以中高音、中音、次中音、上低音四种最多见。 古典萨克斯以中音萨克斯为主,而在爵士乐、流行乐里是以中音次中音为主。所有的萨克斯指法基本都是一样的,吹奏可以不用指法练习就更换乐器。

组成部分

主管

脖管

笛头

哨片

哨箍

盖帽

挂带

萨克斯种类

高音萨克斯

是萨克斯家族中音调第二高的乐器,通常为降B调,仅此于超高音萨克斯(Sopranino),管的体积也是第二_小。常见的为直管,略微曲颈或类似中音萨克斯的形状。相对于黑管,高音萨克斯音量更大,更有穿透力。但由于小管身,使得高音部分更难以控制音准,较难上手。音萨克斯主要用于独奏,在木管重奏中常用来替代双簧管。著名的高音萨克斯演奏家有SidneyBechet,约翰柯川,Wayne Shorter,能等。

中音萨克斯

是最常见的萨克斯,降E调,也是应用在古典乐合奏中最多的萨克斯。于按键距离适中,气息要求和嘴部控制难度介于高音萨克斯和次中音萨克斯之间,以吸相对便宜的价格和搬运容易,成为初学者入i最常使用的萨克斯。中音萨克斯音色较次中音清亮,较高音温和。中音萨克斯构成了管乐队萨克斯声部的最主要部分,在爵士大乐队编制中和次中音占同等重要位置。作为独奏乐器出现相对少一些。中音萨克斯是萨克斯家族最有代表性的种类。著名的中音萨克斯演奏家有爵士乐: Charlie Parker、Cannonball Adderley、Kenny Garrett。古典乐: Marcel Mule,Sigurd Rascher等。

次中音萨克斯

通常为降B调,外形比中音萨克斯稍大,弯管前端多了一个弯曲,色温和稳重。在管乐队中次中音萨克斯数量少于中音,一般作为辅助角色和小低音号和长号同样的乐谱。

而在爵士乐中次中音起核心作用。1920年代Coleman Hawkins沙哑厚重的声音重新定义了人们对次中音音色的概念。后来的约翰柯川,Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Michael Brecke一步一步地奠定了次中音声音的个性。

上低音萨克斯

通常为降E调,是4种中相对少见的类型。体积重量较大,近音两倍左右。很少有人它作为独奏乐器,而在萨克斯四重奏或爵士大乐队中上低音萨克斯以它低沉浑厚的音色把其它声音承托起来,以较简单的吹奏维持着音乐进行的稳定步伐。在管乐队中常和低音号类似的作用,有时让人联想起大提琴的声音。著名演奏家有Gerry Mulligan。

选购

初学萨克斯的朋友基本都是从降E中音萨克斯学起,因为中音萨克斯容易控制大小适中女老少都可以很轻松的演奏,且市面上针对初学萨克斯的教程都是中音萨克斯的教程,因此中音萨克斯以他的优势成为初学者的首选。

初学者没有必要买太好的管子,名牌并不见得好。因为进口的管子大多数也都是出口转内销的,很多所谓的国外品牌其实都在国内生产,一不心就会出高价买个山寨品。可以选择价格在2000-5000的国内品牌即可。

挑选萨克斯要看音准、密合度共振、音域质手感、镀层机械连动、空按萨克斯、按垫是不是均匀平整等等。但这对于初学者来说还是不好把握,好找专业可靠的朋友帮忙挑选。

建议先看乐器的整体造型是否合理,有些萨克斯管口部分很斜,和脖管不对称。检查每个按键的皮垫是否盖严或变形,若有盖得不严会漏气,影响发音。要试一下手感, 每个按键的弹簧是否力度适中。要看一下每个常用活动点是否严密、灵活,哨片箍是否能拧紧,不能太松。笛头部分与哨片接触处是否完整,均无瑕疵。然后最关键的是要试音色是否优美,同一价位的不同萨克斯音色都不一样。再试高音是否明亮低音是否易吹,音准是否好,有些乐器高音大都不准。再看附件是否齐全(部分配有:哨片、翻笛头、挂带等)。

乐理知识

音名

以英文字母来表示音高,称为音名。

12调全音域音名表

一、C调(*):低音234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 123456.(共19个唱名)

二、#C调($):低音1234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 12345.(共19个唱名)

三、D调(*):最低音7,低音,1234567,中音: 1234567,高音:12345.(共20个唱名)

四、E调(&):低音,67,中音:1234567,高:1234567.最高音:1234 (共20个唱名)

五、bE调(*):低音: #67中音:1#12#34#45#56#67 高音:1#2#234#45#56#67最高音:1#1234#4 (共32个唱名)

七、#F调($):低音,567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音12(共19个唱名)

八、G调(*):低音,567,中音:1234567,高音:1234567.最高音12(共19个唱名)

九、A调(&):低音,34567,中音: 1234567, 高音: 1234567.最.高音1(共20个唱名)

十、bA调(&):低音,4567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音1(共19个唱名)

十一、B调($):低音,234567,中音:1234567,高音: 123456.

十二、bB调(*):低音,34567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567. (共19个唱名)

备注

1、其中带(*)号的调号为最常用基本调号共6个大调;带(&)号的调号为次常用调号共3个。带($)号的调号为一般不常用的调号共3个调号。

2、此表中共计244个唱音。

哼唱

萨克斯吹一个音,并且几乎同时的唱这个音,同时发出两个音,严格的说不叫双音,和吼叫技巧差不多。通常称它为哼唱,又叫做唱音。

高低音区

萨克斯在日常的娱乐过程中肯定会遇到高低音转换的情况。

这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别,一种是主旋律的高低音转换,比如中音萨克斯降E调从中音的1(不按泛音键)到2(按着泛音键)的转换,或者反之,或是吹降B调时从3或4转换到5或反过来。

另一种是装饰音的高低音转换,这个就要求更快,几乎是要在一拍之内完成。

在高低音转换时(这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别,下同) , 为了防止吹"破”音,就要通过气息来控制,在转换音的时候把气息“弱”下来,下一个音再逐渐起来,有的时候曲子需要时,加上吐音也能解决这个问题。

升降音

各个调之间无所谓谁高谁低,只是一个八度之间的比较而已。无论是高八度或者是低八度,只要是调对了,大家就能跟伴奏。要做好这件事情,就要有一点基本的乐理知识。最起码对熟悉的曲子能简单唱谱,才能知道里面的那个音是1(dao),那个音是2(rai),那个音是3(mi)。

先确定曲子的调

边听曲子,边唱其谱,选定任何一个音比如1。用萨克斯吹一下各个音(包括半音),看哪个音是正好跟你选定的音相吻合,那么这个音的1所对应的调就是曲子的调。

如果你只熟悉少数指法,就用萨克斯吹一下你熟悉的指法的各个1,看哪个更接近。并确定曲子的那个1比你吹出来的这个1是高还是低?这样你就知道到时候调整音调的时候是应该按上升还是下降了。

音调

经过探究,萨克斯产音域从原本的两个八度和一个五度的根底上,又向上扩大了一个八度和一个四度(扩大音域属于超吹局部,没有必定的根底很难演奏)。

振动不规矩,音的上下听起来不分明,叫做“杂音”;

乐音系统:音乐中所运用的基本的乐音的总和 ;

音级:乐音系统中的各音(专指乐音);(振动起来是有规律的、单纯的,并有准确的高度(也叫音高)的音)

音列:按必定的音高关系和上下顺序,由低到高或由高到低陈列 ;

半音:乐音系统中,音高关系的最小计量单元 ;(相邻的两个音之间最小的距离)

全音:一个全音等于两个半音 ,把八度音划分为十二个音,四个相连的音之间的音程叫全音。

变化音级:将基本音级加以提高或下降得来的音;

晋级音:将基本音级提高半音,如升C、升D、相反是降职音 ;

重升音级:将基本音级提高全音,如重升C、重升D,等,反之为重降 ;

音组:乐音系统中八十多个音用来划分音分为多少组,它的标志是用小写字母并在右上方加数字“1”来表示。如:c1,d1,e1,f1,比小字一组高的各组,由低到高名为“小字二组”、“小字三组”、“小字四组”、“小字五组”。顺次写上数字“2”、“3”、“4”、“5”。比小字一组低的各组,由高到低顺次命名为“小字组”、“大字组”、“大字一组”、“大字二组”。小字组用小写字母,大字组用大写字母 ;

中心C:位于乐音系统总音到中心的小字一组的c1。每秒振动约261次 ;

定律法:断定乐音系统中各音的彻底精确高度,人们在实施中发明白种种定律法。如十二均匀律,五度相生津、纯律等 ;

十二均匀律:将一个纯八度(如c1-c2)分红十二个均等的局部 ;

等音:音高相似而记法和意思不同的音。如升C、降D,重升B,这三个音在钢琴上音高是完全相似的。但记法和意思不同。能够看出,除了升G和降A惟有一个等音外,其它各音都有两个等音 。

复合音:平常听到某一音,一般由很多个音组合而成的。它的发生是因为发音体(以弦为例)振动时,不只全段振动,它的各局部(二、三、四、五段等)也同时在振动 ;

基音:由全弦振动发生的音,听的最清楚的;

泛音:由发音体各局部振动而发生,不易被听出的;

分音:形成复合音的各音;

音域:从低音到高音,音列的总范畴 ;

音区:音域中的一局部。依据音色的不同分为高音区、中音区和低音区。小字组、小字一组、小字二组被以为是中音区,小字三,小字四,五为高音区,大字组,大字一组和二组为低音区。

姿势

1.用挂带将乐器挂在胸前,调整挂带,使其既能负担乐器的重量又能缓解手和臂的紧张程度。

2.站立演奏时,两腿同肩宽,坐着演奏时,两腿打开稍向外,呈九十度弓形触地,身体要自然挺直,背、胸、腰、腹不可弯曲。(新手不建议坐姿演奏萨克斯管不利于掌握气息)

3.含笛头的角度,要以自然呼气和笛头风口的气流方向为依据,因气流方向略向下斜,而笛头和脖管自然要与气流的方向相一致,略往下倾斜为最佳角度,大约为四十五度左右。

4.演奏当中手指、腕部、臂部要松弛,左右手要自然弯曲,指关节要略为隆起,不可平直而蹋落关节,运指时要有节奏感,用力不宜过大。动作不宜僵硬,手指抬的不宜过高。

5.左手拇指扶按在T键上,并且控制八度泛音键,小指控制11(降B)9(升C)8(升G);右手指托住乐器下方靠近身体部分的托钩,小拇指控制1(C)2(降 E),左右手食指、中指、无名指分别放在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ键上。

6.用嘴控制笛头,挂带控制萨克斯的重量, 左右手控制萨克斯的平衡,使之演奏呈现出最佳姿态。

音调&简谱

一、降B调高音萨克斯管,又俗称直管萨克斯。

二、降E调中音萨克斯管,这是应用较为广泛的一种,一般学生初学萨克斯管时多选择这种音域适中且相对易于演奏的乐器。

三、降B调次中音萨克斯管。

四、降E调上低音萨克斯管,它的体积较大,一般应用于重奏与合奏中。

用女儿情来解释简谱的符号

简谱中的调与调号

1=F,表示这首曲子是F调的。

简谱里常使用各种不同的调。调由两部分组成,即主音的高度与调式类别。简谱中,调号是用以确定1(do)音的音高位置的符号,其形式为1=( )(现在普遍都用“1”来作为调号的基准音),用作调号的音是调式主音,“1=F”就意味着这首乐曲是F调的。

简谱中的拍子和拍号

4/4,是表示这首曲子是44拍。

将旋律的强拍与弱拍用固定音值进行强弱循环,有规律地组合,称为拍子。拍号一般标记在调号的后边。拍子分为单拍子与复拍子两种。

每小节的每一拍由一个完整音符即单纯音符组成的拍子,称为单拍子;每小节的每一拍由一个附点音符或与其等值的音符组成的拍子,称为复拍子。

音符的长短

在简谱中,1、2、3、4、5、6、7这七个基本音符,不仅仅表示音的高低大小,还表示时值长短的基本单位,称为四分音符,其他音符均是在四分音符的基础上通过加记短横线"-"和附点"表示。

单纯音符

如果音符时值的长短用短横线" -"表示,就称为单纯音符。单纯音符除四分音符外,在基本音符右侧加记一条短横线,表示增长一个四分音符的时值。这类加记在音符右侧、使音符时值增长的短横线,称为增时线。增时线越多,音符的时值越长。

在基本音符下方加记一条短横线,表示缩短原音符时值的一半。这类加记在音符下方、使音符时值缩短的短横线,称为减时线。

减时线越多,音符的时值越短。单纯音符的名称以全音符为标准而定。如:全音符的二分之一称为二分音符,全音符的四分之一称为四分音符,其余类推。

附点音符

附点就是记在音符右边的小圆点,表示增加前面音符时值的一半, 带附点的音符叫附点音符。简单点说,就是这个音要多唱半拍。

比如“鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞”中,本来“双”只需要唱一秒,因为有了附点音符所以要唱1.5秒的延长音,本来要唱2秒,现在要唱3秒。

音高

在音符的上方加一个圆点(叫做高音点)表示高一个八度,在音符下方加一个圆点(叫做低音点)则表示低一个八度。若在上方加两个圆点,即表示高两个八度,在下方亦是如此,依此类推。

不带点的音符称为“中音”,带高音点的音符称为“高音”,带低音点的音符称为“低音”。

为了演奏(演唱)的方便,一般将乐曲音域的中音区记成不带点的音符(中音),这样可以减少一些记谱符号,看得更清楚。

对应的音区称之为低音区、中音区、高音区。在音符上标点,在演奏乐器或者唱歌的时候找准音的高低。

延音线

音符后面有一根短横线。这个叫做延音线,意思就是唱到这里得拖长音。比如:第一句鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞~(此处用波浪表示延长)。

连音线

两个音符上面有一个弧线叫做连音线,一般是给唱歌看的,表示一个字要对应几个音,中间不断开。意思是说,看到弧线就要将对应的字的读音分解开始唱。

比如第一句:鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞,“蝶”字上有连音线,蝶的读音大家知道,蝶=d+ie。

所以唱的时候要这么唱:蝶~(拖ie的音)

休止符

在简谱中表示音乐的休止(停顿)的符号称为休止符。简谱的休止符用O来表示。吹奏乐器的时候,看到休止符,就可以停止吹奏,然后等下一段节奏再吹奏。

休止符时值的长短与音符的时值基本相同,只是不用增时线,而用更多的O来代替,每增加一个O,表示增加一个相当于一个四分休止符的停顿时间,O越多,停顿的时间越长。在休止符下方加记不同数目的减时线,停顿的时间按比例缩短。常用休止符的写法、休止时值如下:

小节线与终止线

在强拍面前,用来划分节拍单位的垂直线叫小节线。用来表示全曲结束的两条小节线,右边略粗于左边的一条叫终止线。

速度

有两种,一种是文字表示的,如“快速”、“中速”、“慢速”等等。一种是直接告诉你的。比如《女儿情》调号下面的表示为每一分钟唱70个4分音符。

以上就是学简谱时都会学到的基础知识,相信大家对简谱有了更清晰的认识。当然这些知识只是乐理的入门部分,在学习过程中还会接触到更详细的学习内容,如果大家在这方面想了解到更多内容或者有疑问的地方都可以给老师留言,会一一帮大家解答的。

指法

手指的按法

好比手中握着球,稍微弯曲,各手指不要伸的直直的,要有弯弯的感觉。按键时手指不要离开,可能的话轻轻摸着键。

曲目

《茉莉花》、《暗香》、《血色浪漫》、《天空之城》依次从简单到难度比较高,是练萨克斯必备的经典曲目。

《茉莉花》

萨克斯本身声音悠扬清亮,而这首乐曲把缥缈缠绵的意境表现得相当到位,在音质不好的播放器上往往会将声音表现成刺耳的高音,意境皆无。面对难以完美再现的萨克斯,尤其是清纯悠扬的清音效果和抒情的高音时,应该表现的完满而到位。层次感清晰分明,音质柔和不显刺耳,却极富穿透力。

《暗香》

《血色浪漫》

此曲注意每个乐句的气流控制,掌握好正确的吸气方法。在演奏时略带喉音,乐句尾音稍带滑间,还需掌握好超高音的演奏。

《天空之城》

用萨克斯演奏的《天空之城》带着一种天然的恬静,让人们陶醉其中,心里便有了一份宁静,和恩雅的音乐一样,能够洗涤内心的躁动,收获一份久违的静谧,不再为了一些琐事闹心。

保养

保持干燥

每次吹奏完后总会有一些水份留在管内,不及时清理会腐蚀管体。在潮湿多雨的地区保持乐器干燥尤为重要。

乐器使用完毕后,应取下弯脖,把管体内的水分倒出来,用柔软吸水的布简单擦拭下喇叭口处的水分,然后放在通风处15-20分钟,让其自然晾干。用过的清洁布不要直接和乐器放在一起,防止潮气滞留二次腐蚀乐器;通布条和口水棒也不建议使用,通布条来回擦,容易对皮垫的密封性造成很大的影响,漏气了或者卡在萨克斯里边就难办了

口水棒是不吸水的材质,口水有碱性,用它等于用碱2次腐蚀管体加速氧化,也不建议使用。

保持清洁

萨克斯管结构复杂,音孔和音键多达数十个,不定期清洁容易在键轴、键杆和弹簧等部位积攒灰尘和污垢,会严重影响乐器机械性能的发挥,给演奏带来困难。

吹奏完乐器后,应用清洁布擦拭管体表面的指纹和汗迹,否则容易侵蚀管体,加快萨克斯表面的氧化;使用萨克斯时间长了,键柱之间和键杆下面如果有浮尘,可用0.5寸左右的小毛刷轻轻打扫或者可以用卫生棉棒来小心清理。建议1-2周一次即可。

哨片保养

吹奏完毕后,哨片用后要取下,擦去水分,放入哨片夹内,妥善保管。短时休息时,一定要套上笛头帽。

笛头保养

笛头每次用完后用水冲洗干净,再用软布擦干即可,也可直接擦干净。

键垫保养

吹奏完毕后键垫有潮湿的情况出现,会硬化减少使用寿命;可用吸水纸夹在键垫与音孔之间。手按键子,将水分吸干,保持各部分的干燥,一定不要让纸屑留在音口上以免造成漏气现象。

按键灵活

萨克斯管音调的变化主要依靠音键和音孔的变化来实现,因此尤其音键应具备高度的灵活性。所以应定期滴专用键油以增强它的灵活性并防止锈死。

每隔2个月在萨克斯各键连杆处注入萨克斯润滑油,不要太多,防止键油流到管体上导致漆面提早氧化,滴完后活动几下键子使油充分渗入,用软布把表面多余的油擦干净即可。

乐器上固定各键连杆的各个螺丝,要进行经常性的检查,如有松动将其拧紧。由于萨克斯的泛音孔很小,较易堵塞,所以要定期清理。根据个人使用情况1-2年要到萨克斯维护中心做一次保养;如果萨克斯长时间未用,开始用的时候,需要做一次检查以及保养。

手应该拿在萨克斯没有按键的部分,比如喇叭口或者上侧弯脖接口处,或者手拿指托处,一定要牢靠、稳妥;并且乐器放回箱包后,一定记得拉上箱包拉链,避免不小心乐器的滑出造成不必要的磕碰。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯属于一种木管乐器,但管体通常会使用黄铜来制造,使","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"得","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯在声音的力度上不但具有着铜管类乐器的特性,而且在音质也有着木管乐器的特点,特别是声音上带有金属的明亮度,是其他木管乐器无法比拟的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmY0kk0MW2a6I6rYWpBYzBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWCQQOOSW2w0SSSXkkoEmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯有倍低音萨克斯,低音萨克斯、上低音萨克斯、次中音萨克斯、C调萨克斯、中音萨克斯、F调高音萨克斯、高音萨克斯、C调高音萨克斯、超高音萨克斯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSGmoqGI0a4E4YLavQSyuHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯有多种音域和调性,其中以中高音、中音、次中音、上低音四种最多见。 古典萨克斯以中音萨克斯为主,而在爵士乐、流行乐里是以中音次中音为主。所有的萨克斯指法基本都是一样的,吹奏可以不用指法练习就更换乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKic0kgmO64cAyodJQ7Qxth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"组成部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicgs8Iy0K0sEKO9hEOYvSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6mC4mEw0mQOSWUaxbCn7s"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6189100d2c36478ca8361e3c1f39f0f5","width":243},"text":"","id":"doxcnSE6ucAAqyGOGYLizdlZcxe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脖管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqIGyoucsWw8qaQ7skVF6gf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":501,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脖管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f417d55fc6244c428ba13aa75801e2e9","width":778},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqYgwac6KEMo43FtlOWqGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngo8soScasYU8OkjP5tx50f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/96e062e5fea049839669c8b26ec0d77a","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnu4OEsmEwgig2SO3FqcC0Ih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6giOqaq66gcmMXlNrAgzZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/75cad85d1b1b4ef7bd3e2c53c7563292","width":277},"text":"","id":"doxcn6ME6EM0YUEmqeW3PPqjpeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨箍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm8OymOu8u0ukQLu5mWxfle"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":359,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"哨箍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0db081831cbc4f3994f573de26ae193e","width":351},"text":"","id":"doxcn2Qeuouww6w02CAMDoGGbYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"盖帽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUuKy2k0iKewuYHFRovdHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":832,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"盖帽","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f19710625f584ac7a167c6916f6306cf","width":401},"text":"","id":"doxcnA2m8CqEqgkiwQb7xrEf2jb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂带","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni2oOEigg4iQ4EPH8dUIolf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":737,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挂带","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93ba78621894488890e3eae44a739f02","width":659},"text":"","id":"doxcnGwq2A4kAIEIeqOGwrjT3ge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04uaCWAgS0O84FdPKveeng"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMAYGk82cQwa6NvUDtBfgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是萨克斯家族中音调第二高的乐器,通常为降B调,仅此于超高音萨克斯(Sopranino),管的体积也是第二_小。常见的为直管,略微曲颈或类似中音萨克斯的形状。相对于黑管,高音萨克斯音量更大,更有穿透力。但由于小管身,使得高音部分更难以控制音准,较难上手。音萨克斯主要用于独奏,在木管重奏中常用来替代双簧管。著名的高音萨克斯演奏家有SidneyBechet,约翰柯川,Wayne Shorter,能等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU26ygeS8Ckiw8z3Ix1hese"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":598,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"高音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/af7e45386bf740ac840f040d5a68e8b4","width":599},"text":"","id":"doxcn0sS4iCAcgkocM7ITP4UvTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn686mIMe4K2Q0gfZ1WMp6Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是最常见的萨克斯,降E调,也是应用在古典乐合奏中最多的萨克斯。于按键距离适中,气息要求和嘴部控制难度介于高音萨克斯和次中音萨克斯之间,以吸相对便宜的价格和搬运容易,成为初学者入i最常使用的萨克斯。中音萨克斯音色较次中音清亮,较高音温和。n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中音萨克斯构成了管乐队萨克斯声部的最主要部分,在爵士大乐队编制中和次中音占同等重要位置。作为独奏乐器出现相对少一些。中音萨克斯是萨克斯家族最有代表性的种类。著名的中音萨克斯演奏家有爵士乐: Charlie Parker、Cannonball Adderley、Kenny Garrett。古典乐: Marcel Mule,Sigurd Rascher等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ko6Aq2E2a26KO7g7Qj7jh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":676,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/88c4887aeff342dcac58d61b89b3ee52","width":485},"text":"","id":"doxcn6Cc2wgWQOMaeklrr5w0gJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"次中音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYmMASO0kmYGU1VU4UMUjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常为降B调,外形比中音萨克斯稍大,弯管前端多了一个弯曲,色温和稳重。在管乐队中次中音萨克斯数量少于中音,一般作为辅助角色和小低音号和长号同样的乐谱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAswqmwA6GQY6TyToKxmDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而在爵士乐中次中音起核心作用。1920年代Coleman Hawkins沙哑厚重的声音重新定义了人们对次中音音色的概念。后来的约翰柯川,Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Michael Brecke一步一步地奠定了次中音声音的个性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmuKMe8KY02E2oB4GK2mLwe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"次中音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4343f601182d4d7ea34b251716ac7b0c","width":545},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmqI4o0We6OSGw13yW7W2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 上低音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUk6EyM0SeMCUjTot6PuTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常为降E调,是4种中相对少见的类型。体积重量较大,近音两倍左右。很少有人它作为独奏乐器,而在萨克斯四重奏或爵士大乐队中上低音萨克斯以它低沉浑厚的音色把其它声音承托起来,以较简单的吹奏维持着音乐进行的稳定步伐。在管乐队中常和低音号类似的作用,有时让人联想起大提琴的声音。著名演奏家有Gerry Mulligan。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygmsUmAUQKIsKw6aRvvfsg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":724,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 上低音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0af6b1ec5cf34895946a75f34b19f8c1","width":551},"text":"","id":"doxcnGeg8CmA4804mG8emd0fbMe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选购","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaMeoGqwUmAuGuu11Nj0sg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学萨克斯的朋友基本都是从降E中音萨克斯学起,因为中音萨克斯容易控制大小适中女老少都可以很轻松的演奏,且市面上针对初学萨克斯的教程都是中音萨克斯的教程,因此中音萨克斯以他的优势成为初学者的首选。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeaK4qCE8O4eAjajQhMuag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者没有必要买太好的管子,名牌并不见得好。因为进口的管子大多数也都是出口转内销的,很多所谓的国外品牌其实都在国内生产,一不心就会出高价买个山寨品。可以选择价格在2000-5000的国内品牌即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YIsUawmQEAqwrxIv81hNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑选萨克斯要看音准、密合度共振、音域质手感、镀层机械连动、空按萨克斯、按垫是不是均匀平整等等。但这对于初学者来说还是不好把握,好找专业可靠的朋友帮忙挑选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsqYuesiamOaAzCH7aT50c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议先看乐器的整体造型是否合理,有些萨克斯管口部分很斜,和脖管不对称。检查每个按键的皮垫是否盖严或变形,若有盖得不严会漏气,影响发音。要试一下手感, 每个按键的弹簧是否力度适中。要看一下每个常用活动点是否严密、灵活,哨片箍是否能拧紧,不能太松。笛头部分与哨片接触处是否完整,均无瑕疵。然后最关键的是要试音色是否优美,同一价位的不同萨克斯音色都不一样。再试高音是否明亮低音是否易吹,音准是否好,有些乐器高音大都不准。再看附件是否齐全(部分配有:哨片、翻笛头、挂带等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauikgWIogiAc6tpYo0HW8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐理知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYq6a2MausOeOIJgi4Coge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUqW80o6CGo62qMavOn2Ej"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以英文字母来表示音高,称为","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk4YKsMw2AYAaARn5V7WBie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"12调全音域音名表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuM4yIoWKiOeSw5DOyS15Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、C调(*):低音234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 123456.(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOs4c6OIsWEsBFrPZvO8Lq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、#C调($):低音1234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 12345.(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoogGWgWMoU0mAbYBAvyZ6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、D调(*):最低音7,低音,1234567,中音: 1234567,高音:12345.(共20个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQgk6oiKIuikQN4bd44h9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、E调(u0026):低音,67,中音:1234567,高:1234567.最高音:1234 (共20个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwuSCaESO8AMy6FOrymAah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、bE调(*):低音: #67中音:1#12#34#45#56#67 高音:1#2#234#45#56#67最高音:1#1234#4 (共32个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6e4YWYcm4Ku21RdVClHOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、#F调($):低音,567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音12(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiiM2wqmUKwOq6B2Gkw98c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、G调(*):低音,567,中音:1234567,高音:1234567.最高音12(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGIg6eGK48ooo32mJDC5ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、A调(u0026):低音,34567,中音: 1234567, 高音: 1234567.最.高音1(共20个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQkyuAgCUYw44LSAdpKn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、bA调(u0026):低音,4567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音1(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAM8qkY6gQwE6dB8d811bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、B调($):低音,234567,中音:1234567,高音: 123456.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIkyGKaI4MmyMZ1hhK2dCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二、bB调(*):低音,34567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567. (共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuY2sYaKQ8wME1ZynTRbXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" 备注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUW2GG2IqmGgMdM1HgjUmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、其中带(*)号的调号为最常用基本调号共6个大调;带(u0026)号的调号为次常用调号共3个。带($)号的调号为一般不常用的调号共3个调号。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ggu8q8MiwYEMn7hJ45Beg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、此表中共计244个唱音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSOSAKcQIg08MvLOjOZ6Vc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哼唱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0YIiI8uqGss5sBsidqkgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯吹一个音,并且几乎同时的唱这个音,同时发出两个音,严格的说不叫双音,和吼叫技巧差不多。通常称它为哼唱,又叫做唱音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuagUKwW004Eui5fpeNOHc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高低音区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2maOcSsQickIMb1jyES34e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯在日常的娱乐过程中肯定会遇到高低音转换的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmw2uksOWy4woeeVyNq2psc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别,一种是主旋律的高低音转换,比如中音萨克斯降E调从中音的1(不按泛音键)到2(按着泛音键)的转换,或者反之,或是吹降B调时从3或4转换到5或反过来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIwMiWWYKwk0aANyHr98Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一种是装饰音的高低音转换,这个就要求更快,几乎是要在一拍之内完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UyaKWueA8kWQjoIwsmPyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在高低音转换时(这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别,下同) , 为了防止吹"破”音,就要通过气息来控制,在转换音的时候把气息“弱”下来,下一个音再逐渐起来,有的时候曲子需要时,加上吐音也能解决这个问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4OwScWiSaiEGM5NZM8fYg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"升降音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwukES2wQ0wISW2LpP5MNWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各个调之间无所谓谁高谁低,只是一个八度之间的比较而已。无论是高八度或者是低八度,只要是调对了,大家就能跟伴奏。要做好这件事情,就要有一点基本的乐理知识。最起码对熟悉的曲子能简单唱谱,才能知道里面的那个音是1(dao),那个音是2(rai),那个音是3(mi)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEiq0KOmSY080kZJsOMRvwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"先确定曲子的调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKAwwwcQ2uAoSwXvNSasBYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"边听曲子,边唱其谱,选定任何一个音比如1。用萨克斯吹一下各个音(包括半音),看哪个音是正好跟你选定的音相吻合,那么这个音的1所对应的调就是曲子的调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6so0AEY44mgs4JhorWqAgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你只熟悉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"少数指法","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",就用萨克斯吹一下你熟悉的指法的各个1,看哪个更接近。并确定曲子的那个1比你吹出来的这个1是高还是低?这样你就知道到时候调整音调的时候是应该按上升还是下降了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACYOko0aM86kucDItUt7bc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqyw0mAwaEAegjvhZKTINg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经过探究,萨克斯产音域从原本的两个八度和一个五度的根底上,又向上扩大了一个八度和一个四度(扩大音域属于超吹局部,没有必定的根底很难演奏)。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS44AMISMgEkGSCLTbVNrec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"振动不规矩,音的上下听起来不分明,叫做“杂音”;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqqoeci0846CwRMHsps6Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐音系统:音乐中所运用的基本的乐音的总和 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnig6MU4KS0ksEA9OY4eknye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音级:乐音系统中的各音(专指乐音);(振动起来是有规律的、单纯的,并有准确的高度(也叫音高)的音)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqcouaYC0MUgSG4bs2JcVa9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音列:按必定的音高关系和上下顺序,由低到高或由高到低陈列 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCsGQcwgmgGqAd1dGITVmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半音:乐音系统中,音高关系的最小计量单元 ;(相邻的两个音之间最小的距离)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn26aCmoQOWUcaUVyI2eNP1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全音","id":""},{"type":"text","text":":一个全音等于两个半音 ,把八度音划分为十二个音,四个相连的音之间的音程叫全音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOgKy6iK2oceskFlhJklopg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"变化音级:将基本音级加以提高或下降得来的音; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YsYweOeUogSWuwHqEBBBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"晋级音:将基本音级提高半音,如升C、升D、相反是降职音 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCs4egmAK6sqEmkSXhH2Y6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重升音级:将基本音级提高全音,如重升C、重升D,等,反之为重降 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCqKQOecgoaoaEtfIBLtfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音组:乐音系统中八十多个音用来划分音分为多少组,它的标志是用小写字母并在右上方加数字“1”来表示。如:c1,d1,e1,f1,比小字一组高的各组,由低到高名为“小字二组”、“小字三组”、“小字四组”、“小字五组”。顺次写上数字“2”、“3”、“4”、“5”。比小字一组低的各组,由高到低顺次命名为“小字组”、“大字组”、“大字一组”、“大字二组”。小字组用小写字母,大字组用大写字母 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmAEa24k0kMgGg1zydHIGMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心C:位于乐音系统总音到中心的小字一组的c1。每秒振动约261次 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mEScK4MQSG0qSMZQURUne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定律法:断定乐音系统中各音的彻底精确高度,人们在实施中发明白种种定律法。如十二均匀律,五度相生津、纯律等 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmIUWcuAecaWcP0zMGF4Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二均匀律:将一个纯八度(如c1-c2)分红十二个均等的局部 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwimeswyOycwq0tz695Usb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等音:音高相似而记法和意思不同的音。如升C、降D,重升B,这三个音在钢琴上音高是完全相似的。但记法和意思不同。能够看出,除了升G和降A惟有一个等音外,其它各音都有两个等音 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQYgAiym2IOCG0adrpwx2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复合音:平常听到某一音,一般由很多个音组合而成的。它的发生是因为发音体(以弦为例)振动时,不只全段振动,它的各局部(二、三、四、五段等)也同时在振动 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccQGu4GcwasOKG7RaRs2mf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基音:由全弦振动发生的音,听的最清楚的; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyyQwQCKEAAQGsXNRMPDWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"泛音:由发音体各局部振动而发生,不易被听出的; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Wi6OM2K26KsO8Ixd8acOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分音:形成复合音的各音; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUmAAMySoWiewJZj1NveDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音域:从低音到高音,音列的总范畴 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kquOwA0MAaSBO7s9roTNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音区:音域中的一局部。依据音色的不同分为高音区、中音区和低音区。小字组、小字一组、小字二组被以为是中音区,小字三,小字四,五为高音区,大字组,大字一组和二组为低音区。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAiIG8I6KQs8kve2yxpdDb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eQU4a0OaykYSUcjvBBFCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.用挂带将乐器挂在胸前,调整挂带,使其既能负担乐器的重量又能缓解手和臂的紧张程度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngG646UsmMA6IyIHnuiAwCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.站立演奏时,两腿同肩宽,坐着演奏时,两腿打开稍向外,呈九十度弓形触地,身体要自然挺直,背、胸、腰、腹不可弯曲。(新手不建议坐姿演奏萨克斯管不利于掌握气息)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoyIu0S6Cy4mg5pjsBlRif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.含笛头的角度,要以自然呼气和笛头风口的气流方向为依据,因气流方向略向下斜,而笛头和脖管自然要与气流的方向相一致,略往下倾斜为最佳角度,大约为四十五度左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne0KcUSoEmo0o5RlTYWfbyW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.演奏当中手指、腕部、臂部要松弛,左右手要自然弯曲,指关节要略为隆起,不可平直而蹋落关节,运指时要有节奏感,用力不宜过大。动作不宜僵硬,手指抬的不宜过高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWEimoa66ukegwSf8LMPT5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.左手拇指扶按在T键上,并且控制八度泛音键,小指控制11(降B)9(升C)8(升G);右手指托住乐器下方靠近身体部分的托钩,小拇指控制1(C)2(降 E),左右手食指、中指、无名指分别放在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ键上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuka4QIYmKosayEjiKWKMTU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.用嘴控制笛头,挂带控制萨克斯的重量, 左右手控制萨克斯的平衡,使之演奏呈现出最佳姿态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0uKY0aqMsEsw9HWFRD7zf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQyoI4Q2UUY046BPVq6xif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、降B调高音萨克斯管,又俗称直管萨克斯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqw2m82I4kyq8gReeozh2kf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、降E调中音萨克斯管,这是应用较为广泛的一种,一般学生初学萨克斯管时多选择这种音域适中且相对易于演奏的乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwaeqa0g2Mw8MpM2jzhEPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、降B调次中音萨克斯管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQIS0kiwES2S0GX3vK6NYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、降E调上低音萨克斯管,它的体积较大,一般应用于重奏与合奏中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24gIMUI8womSC0lAmgbtVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用女儿情来解释简谱的符号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnea2cGQUIu6w0WsBJ8sekAg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b69614ef1044c6881b20c0b12dc110e","width":404},"text":"","id":"doxcnw4ac2gqcY2sig3YqxBb1eY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"简谱中的调与调号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAyS22WeYgkcO3Iackierb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1=F,表示这首曲子是F调的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwYUi6U2Umq0sW4LB2uP19"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简谱里常使用各种不同的调。调由两部分组成,即主音的高度与调式类别。简谱中,调号是用以确定1(do)音的音高位置的符号,其形式为1=( )(现在普遍都用“1”来作为调号的基准音),用作调号的音是调式主音,“1=F”就意味着这首乐曲是F调的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS08muk2eMogM0YicrSc2Bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"简谱中的拍子和拍号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wCCw0wW8ygqaeGtRCABVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4/4,是表示这首曲子是44拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcOUyaugMy8keqdC3rnMFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将旋律的强拍与弱拍用固定音值进行强弱循环,有规律地组合,称为拍子。拍号一般标记在调号的后边。拍子分为单拍子与复拍子两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYQ66coSoKmcc1sobLITef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每小节的每一拍由一个完整音符即单纯音符组成的拍子,称为单拍子;每小节的每一拍由一个附点音符或与其等值的音符组成的拍子,称为复拍子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUYEEogmMi8UmSi5e4hJvIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"音符的长短","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauWEs4YUecOa8uzROt9g0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在简谱中,1、2、3、4、5、6、7这七个基本音符,不仅仅表示音的高低大小,还表示时值长短的基本单位,称为四分音符,其他音符均是在四分音符的基础上通过加记短横线"-"和附点"表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkKwcU8ocwY2SW2VzOXLakf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"单纯音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnme2uM6wUocWEGg70zaalcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果音符时值的长短用短横线" -"表示,就称为单纯音符。单纯音符除四分音符外,在基本音符右侧加记一条短横线,表示增长一个四分音符的时值。这类加记在音符右侧、使音符时值增长的短横线,称为增时线。增时线越多,音符的时值越长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kYqiuSEsacQCOarhIvqdc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c64a14cc4c24670b63acbec79f81171","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnoewcWSyYQSS8uuB9TRuq8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在基本音符下方加记一条短横线,表示缩短原音符时值的一半。这类加记在音符下方、使音符时值缩短的短横线,称为减时线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSyekmOGuqMYu6cGpDdK1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减时线越多,音符的时值越短。单纯音符的名称以全音符为标准而定。如:全音符的二分之一称为二分音符,全音符的四分之一称为四分音符,其余类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQuOYOYKMucKA4ctWH1hYAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"附点音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAs6EuWsEkK86WUcG0jZdIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"附点就是记在音符右边的小圆点,表示增加前面音符时值的一半, 带附点的音符叫附点音符。简单点说,就是这个音要多唱半拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6WYeIuSCC0sSVWeVwsDRuF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如“鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞”中,本来“双”只需要唱一秒,因为有了附点音符所以要唱1.5秒的延长音,本来要唱2秒,现在要唱3秒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8Keomsou8aaUR6AjgOHsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"音高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4AMI0eC6qKCKhsG0VSlWwW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在音符的上方加一个圆点(叫做高音点)表示高一个八度,在音符下方加一个圆点(叫做低音点)则表示低一个八度。若在上方加两个圆点,即表示高两个八度,在下方亦是如此,依此类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6Acw6o0QOKKGwRGdkHsJd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":99,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/916921f451474d3abdd65f1893c2cf48","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcni8MkSymog2GoaeUMwYF5Kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不带点的音符称为“中音”,带高音点的音符称为“高音”,带低音点的音符称为“低音”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUGgsSE0AS00Q12NwxZFEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了演奏(演唱)的方便,一般将乐曲音域的中音区记成不带点的音符(中音),这样可以减少一些记谱符号,看得更清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmekEeSkqsqy8S6IMzW3AUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对应的音区称之为低音区、中音区、高音区。在音符上标点,在演奏乐器或者唱歌的时候找准音的高低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCMKE82mu28mmGDaGm8mWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"延音线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28mm2Gcauy2q8SFrJ0gXWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音符后面有一根短横线。这个叫做延音线,意思就是唱到这里得拖长音。比如:第一句鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞~(此处用波浪表示延长)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEa0CqmAGmQwSAvUF3cCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"连音线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyg6cqkMIcKQmeUYVN7fZfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两个音符上面有一个弧线叫做连音线,一般是给唱歌看的,表示一个字要对应几个音,中间不断开。意思是说,看到弧线就要将对应的字的读音分解开始唱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOqK0eeMiIeueox911BINb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如第一句:鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞,“蝶”字上有连音线,蝶的读音大家知道,蝶=d+ie。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCaWuWKYUyw2CwIsr8aj2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以唱的时候要这么唱:蝶~(拖ie的音)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssUyIw6i6kgas7TqHPIMKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"休止符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwMcEEW0eoiKkdhGtux0Zg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在简谱中表示音乐的休止(停顿)的符号称为休止符。简谱的休止符用O来表示。吹奏乐器的时候,看到休止符,就可以停止吹奏,然后等下一段节奏再吹奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngggAkGw2c6uYgRyAUZxWwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"休止符时值的长短与音符的时值基本相同,只是不用增时线,而用更多的O来代替,每增加一个O,表示增加一个相当于一个四分休止符的停顿时间,O越多,停顿的时间越长。在休止符下方加记不同数目的减时线,停顿的时间按比例缩短。常用休止符的写法、休止时值如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIUCkI2Uw8Ck9sF8t9yGyp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":105,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0054bae3df644980bfb001345fc4def0","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnWayMMaakIGg6kLuUMyGXne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"小节线与终止线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIaiOoEicIWG4Rp2azP8Hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在强拍面前,用来划分节拍单位的垂直线叫小节线。用来表示全曲结束的两条小节线,右边略粗于左边的一条叫终止线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUomYEoqEkIIWmY4N1Fnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"速度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aOGYCu0i00IIHuCEqLewc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有两种,一种是文字表示的,如“快速”、“中速”、“慢速”等等。一种是直接告诉你的。比如《女儿情》调号下面的表示为每一分钟唱70个4分音符。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0MMCeC0uWKqUAxHMxCANEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是学简谱时都会学到的基础知识,相信大家对简谱有了更清晰的认识。当然这些知识只是乐理的入门部分,在学习过程中还会接触到更详细的学习内容,如果大家在这方面想了解到更多内容或者有疑问的地方都可以给老师留言,会一一帮大家解答的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU0KUKomWUAygLlHDVA6qj4"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0b7f887b53294480bde68947b7298a76","width":1064},"text":"","id":"doxcnuW8qy2gk0YcGaUhmrPV7Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaQw46U8I2Sogtg5LB0Mih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"手指的按法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYeikySCigmAcInaT2hRuBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好比手中握着球,稍微弯曲,各手指不要伸的直直的,要有弯弯的感觉。按键时手指不要离开,可能的话轻轻摸着键。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4GoMYYMkAKkq8C1ARkNLh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":287,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/215e669d7d46444e8b830752f5bf8352","width":718},"text":"","id":"doxcnGKEouGqQ2AO0sLeymkytke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":793,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqWwEEKO08I4mEZU3WSR4I"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《茉莉花》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/95d61a35813e47e282342da61781b910","width":893},"text":"","id":"doxcn8SwOuAK8KsQec5aiBCcQbg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《暗香》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw4O20s6QYWS8uM2Y1khQBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOaQMeOUeO2wuiMEBXPNexb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":698,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《暗香》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/998a88cf0c2244e388ef4bdf9a981e42","width":778},"text":"","id":"doxcnEWEKuKO6WkGcyZ8YlBWWsb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《血色浪漫》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQMS6soEea88kvMlY9OA9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此曲注意每个乐句的气流控制,掌握好正确的吸气方法。在演奏时略带喉音,乐句尾音稍带滑间,还需掌握好超高音的演奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMsWocW4AUMcccHkHNmGRj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":723,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《血色浪漫》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/216177fb3d5a423ab28e01bb9bd82f64","width":497},"text":"","id":"doxcnKkwUQQOeEqKsJJXZHnjHuP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《天空之城》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKg44mOomWukyqQnABkWNCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用萨克斯演奏的《天空之城》带着一种天然的恬静,让人们陶醉其中,心里便有了一份宁静,和恩雅的音乐一样,能够洗涤内心的躁动,收获一份久违的静谧,不再为了一些琐事闹心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsAG2GCm08UqKq1qJs9sqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":685,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《天空之城》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e9278f8de83470e98a52804dcefe30a","width":563},"text":"","id":"doxcnw46mukaCQW04OQThVrWa8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8AeS26UyIaAHSngYaVQob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持干燥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSagugGc8eUiWie8LNtFZDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每次吹奏完后总会有一些水份留在管内,不及时清理会腐蚀管体。在潮湿多雨的地区保持乐器干燥尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ss8goQ2QiMmeNWgcJ9Thb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐器使用完毕后,应取下弯脖,把管体内的水分倒出来,用柔软吸水的布简单擦拭下喇叭口处的水分,然后放在通风处15-20分钟,让其自然晾干。用过的清洁布不要直接和乐器放在一起,防止潮气滞留二次腐蚀乐器;通布条和口水棒也不建议使用,通布条来回擦,容易对皮垫的密封性造成很大的影响,漏气了或者卡在萨克斯里边就难办了","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGw0YYAuqWmw4EjCW66Yi9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口水棒是不吸水的材质,口水有碱性,用它等于用碱2次腐蚀管体加速氧化,也不建议使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOwEmsC4y2mekLyQtqkfDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持清洁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyMssO68QUMM6VyDk0Fpxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯管结构复杂,音孔和音键多达数十个,不定期清洁容易在键轴、键杆和弹簧等部位积攒灰尘和污垢,会严重影响乐器机械性能的发挥,给演奏带来困难。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUekK0IueSysA581uynR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完乐器后,应用清洁布擦拭管体表面的指纹和汗迹,否则容易侵蚀管体,加快萨克斯表面的氧化;使用萨克斯时间长了,键柱之间和键杆下面如果有浮尘,可用0.5寸左右的小毛刷轻轻打扫或者可以用卫生棉棒来小心清理。建议1-2周一次即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMq8MCosCkuyMCKGqgy7Byb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAYcmkqEAIg6OKLx8kwgEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完毕后,哨片用后要取下,擦去水分,放入哨片夹内,妥善保管。短时休息时,一定要套上笛头帽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwuGw6iMYwu24hrKfbKPTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWE2Kmk8Scy6grRkMFdEMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头每次用完后用水冲洗干净,再用软布擦干即可,也可直接擦干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8aWGCqGi22YEYy2JxRvjb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"键垫保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn62yWGOCWsSGsAlDLaLTZzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完毕后键垫有潮湿的情况出现,会硬化减少使用寿命;可用吸水纸夹在键垫与音孔之间。手按键子,将水分吸干,保持各部分的干燥,一定不要让纸屑留在音口上以免造成漏气现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQCOUQAaCgoiwf09JDZ92d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"按键灵活","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGmKO0WmEOuc8RuP1fCiLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯管音调的变化主要依靠音键和音孔的变化来实现,因此尤其音键应具备高度的灵活性。所以应定期滴专用键油以增强它的灵活性并防止锈死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkcU86wgeO0wohkHl756nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每隔2个月在萨克斯各键连杆处注入萨克斯润滑油,不要太多,防止键油流到管体上导致漆面提早氧化,滴完后活动几下键子使油充分渗入,用软布把表面多余的油擦干净即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnow6sOs4kO6y4yaCxJx01Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐器上固定各键连杆的各个螺丝,要进行经常性的检查,如有松动将其拧紧。由于萨克斯的泛音孔很小,较易堵塞,所以要定期清理。根据个人使用情况1-2年要到萨克斯维护中心做一次保养;如果萨克斯长时间未用,开始用的时候,需要做一次检查以及保养。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwM08yWoyiU2u8xu7sXlFed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手应该拿在萨克斯没有按键的部分,比如喇叭口或者上侧弯脖接口处,或者手拿指托处,一定要牢靠、稳妥;并且乐器放回箱包后,一定记得拉上箱包拉链,避免不小心乐器的滑出造成不必要的磕碰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCWImeg2kwEs4esu37RTBc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

t5签证需要atas认证吗

Tier5

(Temporary Worker—Government Authorized Exchange) visa。

申请T5需要满40分,certificate of Sponsorship 30 point + Funds 10 point 有效的担保证书和足够的资金。

可以分为以下6类:

(1)Tier5(Temporary Worker Charity Worker) visa:受雇给英国慈善组织做无偿志愿者的工作可以申请这个签证。

(2)Tier5 (Temporary Worker Creative and Sporting):可在英国短期工作12个月,仅适用于运动员或演员、舞蹈演员、音乐家或电影拍摄人员。若跑男要去英国拍,记得提醒他们办这个签证。

(3)Tier 5 (Temporary Worker Government Authorised Exchange):由特定机构担保,短期工作实习的机会。

(4)Tier5 (Temporary Worker International agreement) visa:在国际法保障下工作,比如说驻外使馆的工作人员就拿的是这个签证。

(5)Tier5(Temporary Worker Religious Worker) visa:短期在英国从事与宗教有关的工作可以申请。

(6)Tier5(Youth Mobility Scheme)visa:这个是青年流动计划签证,这个签证使用与18到30岁人群,想在英国生活工作最多2年,有1890英镑的储蓄,就可以申请此签证。

博士后和访问学者如果需要申请T5(计点积分制Point-based System第5层级)签证,一般申请的类别是政府批准的交流T5,Tier5 (Temporary Worker—Government Authorized Exchange) visa。

申请T5需要满40分,certificate of Sponsorship 30 point + Funds 10 point 有效的担保证书和足够的资金支持。

t5签证存款证明

在线填写VAF9 , 如有携签家属,需填写VAF10。

下载Appendix 6,手填所需信息,需登录以下页面计算自己是否已达到40分。

缴纳签证费225英镑。

缴纳医疗附加费。

预约,支付完相应的费用之后选择您前往签证申请中心递交申请的时间进行预约,预约完成之后将会收到确认邮件,其中有提供完整的签证申请中心地址和营业时间。

面签时,建议比预约时间提前15分钟到达,需要录入您的生物信息卡BRP,录入申请者的电子照片、指纹并签名即可,需要缴纳一定的费用。一般5岁以下儿童不需要采集生物信息卡。

申请人在VFS Global 的签证申请中心递交申请的时候,可以支付快递费选择护照在审理结束后由快递寄回本人地址,也可选择在递交申请的签证申请中心领取。领取时间是周一到周五(节假日除外)7:30—14:30(北京)或8:00—15:00(上海、杭州、南京、广州、深圳、福州、重庆、成都、济南、武汉和沈阳)。领取时需携带签证材料及缴费收据,如需他人代领,除提交以上材料,还需提交申请人签名的委托书和代领人的身份证复印件。

T5签证CoS上的时间

随着计算机应用技术的飞速发展,计算机辅助设计已经成为现代工业设计的重要组成部分,AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点,它已被广泛应用于机械设计,建筑设计,电子等图形设计领域,那么怎样才能学习好AutoCAD绘图呢?

学前准备

CAD软件选择

在正式学习之前,我们先要做一步准备工作,就是找到一款属于自己的CAD软件。

虽然现在市面上CAD有很多盗版可以使用,但是建议大家使用正版的CAD软件,一是设计者都应该有支持正版的意识,另一方面就是正版软件会减少很多后顾之忧,相对来说会更加安全。

建议可以选择CAD2004、CAD2007等,这些老一点的版本是经过多次修正过的,在技术、用户体验方面要比新的版本好用。

认识操作界面

关于【应用程序菜单】

用于访问“应用程序”菜单中的常用工具以启动或发布文件。

单击“应用程序”按钮,以执行以下操作:

1、创建、打开或保存文件;

2、核查、修复和清除文件;

3、打印或发布文件;

4、访问“选项”对话框;

5、关闭应用程序;

注:也可以通过双击“应用程序”按钮关闭应用程序。

关于【快速访问工具栏】

使用“快速访问”工具栏显示经常使用的工具。

【查看放弃和重做历史记录】与大多数程序一样,“快速访问”工具栏会显示用于放弃和重做对工作所做更改的选项。要放弃或重做不是最新的修改,请单击“放弃”或“重做”按钮右侧的下拉按钮。

【添加命令和控件】通过单击指示的下拉按钮并单击下拉菜单中的选项,可轻松将常用工具添加到“快速访问”工具栏。

注:要快速将功能区按钮添加到“快速访问”工具栏,请在功能区的任何按钮上单击鼠标右键,然后单击“添加到快速访问工具栏”。

关于【功能区】

功能区按逻辑分组来进行工具排序。功能区由多个功能选项卡组成,每点击一个选项卡,下方则会对应展示出一个功能面板,面板包括了对创建和修改图形需要的工具。

【功能区选项卡和面板】功能区由一系列选项卡组成,这些选项卡被组织到面板,其中包含很多工具栏中可用的工具和控件。

一些功能区面板提供了对与该面板相关的对话框的访问。要显示相关的对话框,请单击面板右下角处由箭头图标表示的对话框启动器。

注:您可以控制显示哪些功能区选项卡和面板。在功能区上单击鼠标右键,然后单击或清除快捷菜单上列出的选项卡或面板的名称。如下图:显示和隐藏【默认选项卡】

【浮动面板】您可以将面板从功能区选项卡中拉出,并放到绘图区域中或其他监视器上。浮动面板将一直处于打开状态(即使切换功能区选项卡),直到您将其放回到功能区。

【滑出式面板】如果您单击面板标题中间的箭头,面板将展开以显示其他工具和控件。默认情况下,当您单击其他面板时,滑出式面板将自动关闭。要使面板保持展开状态,请单击滑出式面板左下角的图钉图标。

关于【命令栏】

程序的核心部分是“命令”窗口,它通常固定在应用程序窗口的底部。“命令”窗口可显示提示、选项和消息。

您可以直接在“命令”窗口中输入命令,而不使用功能区、工具栏和菜单。许多长期用户更喜欢使用此方法。

注:开始键入命令时,它会自动完成。当提供了多个可能的命令时,您可以通过单击或使用箭头键并按Enter键或空格键来进行选择。

关于【状态栏】

名词解释:状态栏显示光标位置、绘图工具以及会影响绘图环境的工具。

状态栏提供对某些最常用的绘图工具的快速访问。您可以切换设置(例如,夹点、捕捉、极轴追踪和对象捕捉)。您也可以通过单击某些工具的下拉箭头,来访问它们的其他设置。

注:默认情况下,不会显示所有工具,您可以通过状态栏上最右侧的按钮,选择您要从“自定义”菜单显示的工具。状态栏上显示的工具可能会发生变化,具体取决于当前的工作空间以及当前显示的是“模型”选项卡还是布局选项卡。

您还可以使用键盘上的功能键(F1–F12),切换其中某些设置。

关于【快捷菜单】

名词解释:显示快速获取当前动作有关命令的快捷菜单。在屏幕的不同区域内单击鼠标右键时,可以显示快捷菜单。快捷菜单上通常包含以下选项:

1、重复执行输入的上一个命令;

2、取消当前命令;

3、显示用户最近输入的命令的列表;

4、剪切、复制以及从剪贴板粘贴;

5、选择其他命令选项;

6、显示对话框,例如“选项”或“自定义”;

7、放弃输入的上一个命令;

显示快捷菜单的步骤

在图形中的对象或区域、菜单中的按钮或功能区中单击鼠标右键。

在绘图区域,单击鼠标右键

在某些定点设备上,可能需要按住相应的按钮。注:显示与光标位置相关的快捷菜单。

学习步骤

学习CAD制图,我们从浅入深可分3个阶段进行。

掌握基础操作

熟悉CAD的绘图命令、掌握CAD软件操作逻辑。这就像我们学认字、写字一样,先掌握基础的笔画、笔顺开始。

制图常用的基本命令1

CAD绘图命令:

CAD修改命令:

CAD尺寸标注命令:

视窗缩放:

对象特性:

常用CTRL快捷键:

常用功能键:

制图常用的基本命令2

1、绘图栏上数下第一命令是——直线,快捷键L,不分大小写。直线命令是我们最常用的命令,也是绘图的基础中的基础。若要绘制直线,请单击“直线”工具;

在绘图区域用鼠标左键单击一次,其目的是为了指定直线线段的第一个起点;松开鼠标,往任意方向拖动,线段会跟着拖动幅度变长变短;

这时,我们会看见直线的旁边有一个白色的输入框,里面的数值会随着我们的拖动幅度而变化,这里面的数值代表是直线的长度,我们可以在里面输入任意数值确定直线长度,然后按Enter或者空格键完成一条直线的绘制。

2、第二个命令是——构造线。快捷键XL,它是为下一步的复制,镜象等作为基准的直线,虚线不属于图的轮廓线,一般是作为图形某一点为中心的轴线。若要绘制构造线,方法如下:

在绘图工具中点击构造线工具。

依次在绘图板中点击一下鼠标可见构造线。

3、第三个命令是——多段线。快捷键PL,它由多条线段(可以是直线,也可以是弧线)组成一个整体的线段。如想选中该线段中的一部分,必须先将其分解。平常作图经常用到,就连做地形图时也需要它,所以是很重要的命令。

要绘制多段线,输入多段线命令敲击多段线命令PL,敲击空格键。

绘制多段线在CAD绘图区指定直线的起点,输入多段线的长度,敲击空格键即可。

4、第四个命令是——正多边形。快捷键POL,顾名思义是可以绘制多边形,点击命令,输入边的数量,然后选择内切圆或者外切圆,就可以绘制了。绘制步骤如下:

1/5要绘制正多边形,需要输入命令:“POL”-“空格”,也可以在顶部的选项卡中找相应的按钮点击,但是有点麻烦。

2/5命令行这个时候会提醒你:输入侧面数。这个侧面数的意思,就是多边形的边数,几个侧面,就是几边形。这里输入6。

3/5接下来就是按照提示:指定多边形的中心,这个应该好理解,可以通过鼠标点选,或者键盘输入坐标的方式来指定中心。

4/5命令行提示:内接于圆,或者外切于圆。因为AutoCAD表征多变形的特征是通过内接圆/外切圆的直径来的,所以这里要指明。我们选外切圆。

5/5这个时候,就需要指定外切圆的直径了,我们通过鼠标点选的方式来完成指定,就可以绘出正六边形了。

5、第五个命令是——矩形。快捷键REC,可以快速绘制出矩形宽,这个也是很常用的一个命令。

在功能区单击矩形按钮,然后再绘图区域任意处点击,确定矩形的一个角点,然后拖动鼠标,在任意处点击,确定第二个角点位置,这时矩形就绘制完成了。

6、第六个命令是——圆弧。快捷键ARC,绘制圆弧命令可以快速画出弧线,示意门之类的地方很常用。

首先打开软件,然后在命令行输入快捷键命令:ARC,按回车键确认,根据命令行提示在绘图区域指定圆弧的起点或 [圆心(C)],接着继续指定圆弧的第二个点或[圆心(C)/端点(E)],即可完成圆弧的绘制了。如下图所示:

背诵秘籍口诀

1、想到直线就用L+空格

2、想到圆就用C+空格

3、想到圆弧就用A+空格

4、想到矩形就用REC+空格

5、想到点就用PO+空格

6、想到单行文本就用DT

7、想到多行文本就用MT

8、想到填充就用H

9、想到线段延伸到某一线段就用EX+空格

10、想到矩形倒圆角就用F+空格

11、想到修剪绘图过程中多余的线就用TR+空格

12、想到修改文本就用ED+空格

13、想到移动就用M+空格;

14、想到旋转就用RO+空格

15、想到偏移就用O+空格

16、想到镜像就用MI+空格

17、想到复制就用CO+空格

18、想到局部观察平面图细节就用Z+空格

19、想到实时缩放放大镜就用Z+空格+空格

20、想到平移视图就用P+空格

21、想到平移视图平移视图就用P+空格

22、想到返回上一视图就用Z+空格+P+空格

23、想到全局显示自己绘的平面图就用Z+空格+A+空格

24、想到打印文件就用CTRL+P

25、想到复制,就用CTRL+C

26、想到粘贴就用CTRL+V

27、想到剪切就用,CTRL+X代表

28、想到新建文件就用CTRL+N

29、想到寻求帮助时,就用F1

30、想到正交就用F8

31、想到打开和关闭对象捕捉工具就用F3

32、想到直线标注就用DLI+空格

33、想到调整文字样式就用ST+空格

34、想到重新生成就用R+E+空格

35、想要设置捕捉模式就用OS+空格

36、想到重复上一次的操作就用ENTER

37、想到刷新就用RE+空格

38、想到取消正在执行的可用ESC

39、想到设置捕捉模式就用OS

40、想到旋转就用RO

41、想到计算面积就用AA

42、想到平移就用P+空格

43、想到最常用的标注快就用DLI

44、想到直线就用LINE

45、想到圆就用C

46、想到偏移就用O

47、想到修改文本就用ed

基本操作逻辑

一、选择逻辑

如图,这里我绘制了一些直线、圆、矩形。单击其中的一个圆与一条直线,它们变成了被选中的状态。

但是如果元素特别多,那一个一个单击显然不现实,如下图请你一个个单击给我看。

这时候就要用到框选了。在CAD中,框选有两种形式,这里以下面的图为例来解释。

1是从左往右按住鼠标左键框选,此时选框呈蓝色,这种形式下只有框选的图形完全被框住才能被选中。

如图,我完全框住了前三条直线,但第四条没完全框住,此时被选中的只有前三条线。

2是从右往左按住鼠标左键框选,此时选框呈绿色,这种形式下只要接触到被框选的图形,它就会被选中。

同样的,我们从右往左框住前三条线,第四条线只框一半如图,此时即使第四条线没框全,但选框接触到它也能被选中了。

这里插一点,如果你框选以后想取消选择,只需按ESC即可。

如果你只想取消部分图形的选中状态,只需按住shift再将你想取消选择的图形进行框选(逻辑同样是上面两种形式),此时被框中的图形就会取消被选中的状态。

这样的两种框选模式看似简单,但学会实际运用它们是能大大提高你的画图效率的。

下面我举个简单的例子,如图,一个矩形中有许多交叉的直线。如果我只想选中直线的部分,而不想选中矩形怎么办?这里提供两种思路。

1、在矩形内部,从右往左进行框选使选框接触到所有直线,这样即使直线外部未被框柱,所有直线还是会被选中

2、先从左往右把所有元素选中,再按住shift从右往左框选,只接触到外部矩形的部分,将它取消选中状态。

二、键盘命令

取消、删除、撤销、重做。任何绘图软件都离不开以上四种操作,这里我将CAD这四种操作的快捷键告诉大家。

取消:ESC

删除:Delete

撤销:Ctrl+Z(撤销多步就多按几次)

重做:Ctrl+Y(重做一般与撤销搭配使用,如果你撤销多了一步,按重做会回到上一步)

三、鼠标中键

1、双击鼠标中键:显示全部图形对象。

2、按住鼠标中键拖动鼠标:移动图纸

此时十字光标会变成一只小手,你可以通过拖动鼠标来移动图纸。

3、滚动鼠标中键:缩放图纸。这个大家应该都懂,缩放图纸与上面的拖动图纸配合使用,方便你找到图形的位置。

4、命令栏

CAD这个软件,在我看来最重要的就是它的命令栏。

几乎你画在图上的一切东西都与它有关。首先它的位置在之前讲过,位于CAD界面的下方,共两栏。上面一栏表示已结束的命令,下面一栏表示现在的命令。

CAD的命令栏,就相当于一个你的助手,它会指引你做每一步操作。下面举个简单的例子。

如下图,首先我们选择CAD左侧绘图工具中的直线。(可直接键盘上输入L再按空格/回车)此时命令栏第二行提示指定第一个点。

我们在绘图区空白处单击一下,此时命令显示为指定下一点或放弃U。(由于这条线还没画完,此时第一栏并没有内容,即没有上一步命令)此时你再选绘图区另外一点,一条直线就画完了;如果你输入U,则放弃绘制这条直线。

而此时命令栏还是提示指定下一点或放弃。这里你有两种选择。1是单击空格/回车键,则线段绘制完毕。2是继续选择另一点,那么就会出现两条线。

此时命令栏的提示多了一项:闭合C。如果你键盘输入C,则两条线段头尾相接,不在一条直线上则形成三角形。

这里注意两点:

绘制完图形对象后,再单击空格或回车键,即可结束整个命令。如果你想重复上一次的命令,比如想继续画线段,只需再按下空格,会自动重复上一次指令。此时又要开始选择线段的第一个点……

以上牵扯到一个核心的操作逻辑。即CAD的命令栏在你选择完基础命令后一步步指引你进行操作,给你提供多种选择。

即使你对这个命令不熟悉,通过命令栏的提示你也能很快理解。例如刚才举的例子画线段,我们都知道两点确定一线段,因此CAD中绘制线段在命令栏中分两步,分别是确定两个点的位置。

5、状态栏

状态栏位于命令栏下方。

前半部分有一个坐标点的数据,它表示的是十字光标在绘图区的位置,而它的参照物是CAD绘图区的坐标原点,如下图。这里需要注意的是,Z轴的数字一般是0,因为我们主要是绘制平面上的图形。

状态栏重点在于后半部分的几个按钮,掌握它们,你的绘图效率会得到极大的提高。

1、首先说下捕捉模式和栅格显示

它们一般搭配使用,捕捉会自动捕捉最近的栅格点,栅格则是体现在绘图区会出现栅格网,这两个按钮我建议大家关掉,会对绘图的视线造成干扰,同时容易使光标闪烁。

2、接下来是正交模式

开启和关闭它的快捷键是键盘上的F8,经常会用到希望大家记住。

这个模式非常重要。如果你要画直线,希望直线横平竖直,即只在XY方向绘制,那么打开正交模式,所有画出来的线条都会在XY方向。与此相关的是其后的极轴模式。

就是通常的带角度的绘图模式,与正交模式相反。

3、对象捕捉,快捷键F3

这个模式可以极大极大极大极大提高绘图的效率,非常重要!这里先举个简单的例子。

当你绘制出了一个矩形,想选中的它的一个角点往上画别的东西,这个时候把对象捕捉模式打开,那么你会发现,当光标移动到矩形角点附近时,会在角点上出现一个绿色的小框。

此时如果你要再往上画个矩形,那么当你绘制时,你会发现矩形的角点自动吸附到了原矩形的角点上。

因此,对象捕捉模式就像一块磁铁,它能让光标自动吸附到一些特殊的点位上,不仅仅是端点角点。

这里鼠标右键单击对象捕捉,选择设置,里面提供了各种各样的特殊点和延长线等等。这里提醒下大家,千万别全部打开哦,不然会被各种磁铁吸来吸去,眼花缭乱反而降低效率。

4、对象捕捉追踪

设想你要画两条线段,希望它们不仅平行且头尾对齐,该怎么画?

如下图,当你开启对象捕捉追踪后,在绘制第二条线段的第二个点时,先将光标挪到第一条线段的端点上再慢慢往下挪动(不要单击,只是挪动),此时会出现一条绿色的虚线,它就像一把尺子一样能帮助你对齐。

这时将光标慢慢往下挪,单击即可绘制出端点对齐的两条线啦。

掌握绘图基本规范

这个包括标注样式、详图、剖图、引线规范等。这就像学会了写字,组词造句一样。

基本要求

1、所有设计室出的图纸都要配备图纸封皮、图纸说明、图纸目录。

A、图纸封皮须注明工程名称、图纸类别(施工图、竣工图、方案图)、制图日期。

B、图纸说明须对工程进一步说明工程概况、工程名称、建设单位、施工单位、设计单位或建筑设计单位等。

2、每张图纸须编制图名、图号、比例、时间。

3、打印图纸按需要、比例出图。

常用制图方式

一、常用比例

1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:10

1:15、1:20、1:25、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60、1:80

1:100、1:150、1:200、1:250、1:300、1:400、1:500

二、线型

1、粗实线:0.3mm

1)平、剖面图中被剖切的主要建筑构造的轮廓(建筑平面图)。

2)室内外立面图的轮廓。

3)建筑装饰构造详图的建筑物表面线。

2、中实线:0.15-0.18mm

1)平、剖面图中被剖切的次要建筑构造的轮廓线。

2)室内外平顶、立、剖面图中建筑构配件的轮廓线。

3)建筑装饰构造详图及构配件详图中一般轮廓线。

3、细实线:0.1mm

填充线、尺寸线、尺寸界限、索引符号、标高符号、分格线。

4、细虚线:0.1-0.13mm

1)室内平面、顶面图中未剖切到的主要轮廓线。

2)建筑构造及建筑装饰构配件不可见的轮廓线。

3)拟扩建的建筑轮廓线。

4)外开门立面图开门表示方式。

5、细点划线:0.1-0.13mm

中心线、对称线、定位轴线。

6、细折断线:0.1-0.13mm

不需画全的断开界线。

三、打印出图笔号1-10号线宽设置,选择打印,弹出的对话框的右上角有个笔形的图标,点击,出现各种颜色。

10号特粗线:1)立面地坪线2)索引剖切符号3)图标上线

4)索引图标中表示索引图在本图的短线

四、剖切索引符号

1、m:ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)

2、m:ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)

3、特粗线到索引线为剖视方向

4、A:字高5mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸),字高4mm(在A3、A4图纸)

5、B-01:字高3mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸),字高2、5mm(在A3、A4图纸)

6、A为索引图号,B-01为索引图纸号,B-01为“”表示索引在本图

五、平、立面索引符号

1、m:ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)

2、m:ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)

3、A1-A4:字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)

4、B-01--B-04:字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)

六、大样图索引

大样引出框

1、m:ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)

2、m:ø12mm(在A3、A4图纸)

3、A:字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)

4、B-01:字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)

七、图标

1、图名:字高7mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高5mm(在A3、A4图纸)

2、比例及英文图名:字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)

八、文字注释

1、引出线为箭头或点,引出线为统一体,由标注命令引线制作。

2、文字说明:字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)。

九、标高符号

1、数字:字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)。

2、符号为等腰直角三角形。

3、数字以m计单位,小数点后留三位。

4、零点标高写成±0、000,正数标高不注“”,负数标高应注“-”。

5、同样位置不同标高标注。

十、轴线符号

1、n:ø10mm,字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)

2、n:ø8mm,字高3.5mm(在A3、A4图纸)

十一、尺寸符号

1、尺寸标注是尺寸为统一体,如需调整尺寸数字,可采用edit(ed)命令。

2、尺寸界线距标注物体2-3mm,第一道尺寸线距标注物体10-12mm,相邻的尺寸线间距7-10mm。

3、半径、直径标注时箭头样式为实心闭合箭头。

4、标注字高2.5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)。

5、标注文字距尺寸线1-1.5mm。

制图技巧

一、图层管理

1、一般制图分层

A、墙体层(WALL);B、家具层(FURNITURE);C、填充层;D、窗层(WINDOW);E、布置层;F、尺寸层(DIM);G、文字层(TEXT);H、轴线层(DOTE);轴线标注层(AXIS);J、分格层

制图时分清各层便于调整图纸,节省时间。

2、线条分色

制图时将墙体、家具、填充线、文字、分格线等线条颜色区分,便于在电脑显示时一目了然。

3、图框插入

按比例插入图框

首先制作1:1图框,将图框放大,与图比较看是否配合。如不配合缩放与之配合。如要作1:30的图框,第一次图框放大40后不合适,再次缩放输入3/4,即可得到1:30的图框B。

二、其他

1、CAD文件在从其他文件粘贴进来后,容易出现无用图层,可purge(pu),清理无用图层。

2、文字的大小是根据图纸的比例变化的,如A3图纸,比例为1:50,注释文字打印出的尺寸应该是3mm,在文字制作时,文字尺寸大小输入150。

3、一套图中可能会有不同的比例,在按比例插完第一个图框后,遇到不同比例的图,应根据比例的大小缩放。如有一张图比例为1:50,是正确的,现在要给另一张图插图框,假设这张图要插1:40的图框那就复制1:50的图框,然后缩放输入4/5即得。文字的大小亦可采用这种办法。

4、同一个CAD界面下,如果打开多个CAD文件,可按着ctrl键点Tab键转换,浩辰CAD等可以直接在文件标签栏点文件名进行切换,最新的ACAD2014也加入了类似的功能。

5、在多重复制同一个物体时,可将这一物体作成图块,如果修改了任意一个图块参照,则其他同名图块也随之改变,如不建立图块,则每个都需要修改。

6、建立CAD文件时要有选择的将平面图、立面图、详图分为几个文件。

7、最好不要将图形都花在0层上,0层主要用来定义图块。定义图块时,先将所有图元均设置为0层(有特殊时除外),然后再定义块,这样,在插入块时,插入时是哪个层,块就是那个层了。

8、不能在DEFPOINTS层建立图元,此层默认是不打印的,在图层上的图形会打印不出来。

9、在CAD软件的使用过程中,虽然一直说是画图,但实际上大部分都是在编辑图。因为编辑图元可以大量减少绘制图元不准确的几率,并且可以在一定程度上提高效率。

10、在使用绘图命令时,一定要设置捕捉,F3切换。

11、在使用绘图和编辑命令时,大部分情况下,都要采用正交模式,F8切换。

12、图纸大小:A0—1194*840;A1—840*597;A2—597*420;A3—420*297;A4—297*210。

13、将CAD文件转化成位图文件:

第一种是在CAD的菜单中,选择“输出”,再选择bmp的后缀存储,可以把CAD的屏幕显示内容变成位图文件,但文件分辨率太小。

第二种是将CAD文件转化成为较大分辨率的位图文件。添加一个光栅图像如JPG、TGA、PNG等格式的虚拟打印机。

14、将EXCEL表格倒入CAD可以利用AutoXlsTable插件或是先将EXCEL表格复制,到CAD里的下拉编辑菜单的选择性粘贴即可得,到CAD后将表格炸开后即可CAD修改。

实战演练图纸设计

新手在学习CAD的时候,光掌握了CAD制图方法是不行的,还要勤于练习才行。找一些基础的练习图纸。

小白必备图纸

刚开始接触到CAD的小白,肯定不能上来就直接拿一些复杂结构图纸让他们练习,做任何事都要循序渐进。下面这几张图纸涵盖了CAD机械建筑练习图,以及房屋建筑类的练习图,是CAD小白必备的练习图纸。

基础练习图纸

基础的练习图纸,内容是由简单到复杂,由平面图形再到立体图形的绘制,可以逐步提升绘图能力,特别适合CAD初学者练习使用,下面放出部分的图纸供大家参考。

注意事项

1、学习CAD不要急于求成

CAD的学习过程讲究循序渐进,先了解绘图的基本知识,打好基础,再勤加练习,知识的吸收要由浅及深,由简到繁,这样学习起来不吃力,学习的兴趣也会大一点。

2、不要不遵循作图步骤

在进行CAD绘图的时候最好首先要设置好图幅大小,然后设置单位和精度,根据绘图对象建立好图层,设置好对象样式后才开始绘图。

3、绘图比例乱设置

在进行绘图的时候不要自己随心所欲的设置绘图比例,CAD绘图比例有很多,而每个比例都是科学设置的,最佳绘图比例是1:1,将绘图比例设置为1:1绝对不会错。

4、不要在0层上绘图

这一点是一定要注意的,因为0层是系统默认的图层,不能更名和删除,通常用作草稿图层或插入块,将图画在0层上容易导致图层混乱,不利于分层管理。5、不要把图框和图形画在同一副图中

绘图时如果需要运用到图框应当将图框以块的形式插入进图中,而不是直接画,直接画在后面打印图纸的时候容易出现错乱。

6、遇到问题不及时弄清楚

在绘图时因为操作的原因可能会出现很多问题,遇到问题一定要第一时间搞清楚,因为你记着记着可能就忘了。比如说画一张图,别人画的大小适中,而你画起来图形很小,有的甚至看不见,这可能是因为你没有设置绘图界限而导致的。

7、不设置线型比例

没有设置线型比例可能会导致你用虚线画线但画出来看起来就像是用实线画的,线型比例在设置的时候还要根据图形的尺寸来,如果图形尺寸特别小可以将图形比例设大一点,如果图形尺寸特别大可以将图形比例设小一点。

8、不标注工程信息

工程标注是工程的重要依据。在一幅工程图中工程标注是不可少的重要部分。在某些情况下,工程标注甚至比图形更重要。所以小伙伴们在绘图的时候一定不要忘了标注。

9、文字字体不规范

文字是CAD图纸不可缺少的一部分,如尺寸标注文字、图纸说明等,在标注的时候很多小伙伴都会用自己喜欢的字体,这样是错误的,规范的字体是“长仿宋体”。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着计算机应用技术的飞速发展,计算机辅助设计已经成为现代工业设计的重要组成部分,AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点,它已被广泛应用于机械设计,建筑设计,电子等图形设计领域,那么怎样才能学习好AutoCAD绘图呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIgAdG2OEo42wyxkPBBcU7K4nPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKsSdimiMowKA6x67zpct5xHnNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD软件选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D26odu6mwo2gYSxymcecHxfAnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在正式学习之前,我们先要做一步准备工作,就是找到一款属于自己的CAD软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqWydwE8cogAQcxCORjcfz5Gn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然现在市面上CAD有很多盗版可以使用,但是建议大家使用正版的CAD软件,一是设计者都应该有支持正版的意识,另一方面就是正版软件会减少很多后顾之忧,相对来说会更加安全。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmwEd0m0AoGSC2xyGLUcQpRgnwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议可以选择CAD2004、CAD2007等,这些老一点的版本是经过多次修正过的,在技术、用户体验方面要比新的版本好用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiOUdYIGyoEEQkxGcY8cy1ZEnFc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识操作界面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8I4dsMcwo0iuCxoIV9c7PIQnOT"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【应用程序菜单】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IamidAsSaokou4xSKU6crmVInzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用于访问“应用程序”菜单中的常用工具以启动或发布文件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TkC4dGa2uoimwuxqGChck7gnnlf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":42,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【应用程序菜单】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ada696d2c64245ff82c70a0f69382991","width":42},"text":"","id":"JKgwduSCkosKiYxGWAacb86inOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击“应用程序”按钮,以执行以下操作:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JC4Md6YIIoyU8wx3aVLcJQHBns5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、创建、打开或保存文件;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6CEdSAqoo4eeExyQ9TcQYfDnXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、核查、修复和清除文件;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uw48d8qY8oaWI6x4uHbcjb3knAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、打印或发布文件;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ce0SdcKwyoK2aWx4gJwcfMUpnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、访问“选项”对话框;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQwwdYIGUoYQMax46lucvxnpnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、关闭应用程序;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YYYMd6sGuoiCy4xeCXkc4b46n7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注:也可以通过双击“应用程序”按钮关闭应用程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PI0AdMG8koQqOIxE62QcAzbJnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkuAduCceoumkUxMTt7c7Qstnqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用“快速访问”工具栏显示经常使用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmiwdQmgMogoQoxMtcycEobsnQb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":68,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2de7609a3b7e4a0dbf40e48883edb7ae","width":269},"text":"","id":"SOoWde4GSoO6eSxys9Sc1kPNnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【查看放弃和重做历史记录】与大多数程序一样,“快速访问”工具栏会显示用于放弃和重做对工作所做更改的选项。要放弃或重做不是最新的修改,请单击“放弃”或“重做”按钮右侧的下拉按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIoydUKsUokMKAxu4hCcZN4nnMf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":66,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b1fef2898434ee9b95143e7aa5db00e","width":267},"text":"","id":"XwYud0YgwoG0AAxCUMhc1g8Jnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【添加命令和控件】通过单击指示的下拉按钮并单击下拉菜单中的选项,可轻松将常用工具添加到“快速访问”工具栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LcacdKug0om0aGxMhYGc74j1nSd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":66,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/77ec98a6d98e4338a7f4a2bda0cef86d","width":269},"text":"","id":"Qmcwd66UMo2SiCxuIoLcb9U4njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注:要快速将功能区按钮添加到“快速访问”工具栏,请在功能区的任何按钮上单击鼠标右键,然后单击“添加到快速访问工具栏”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FaugdCwq0ogWIQxEzD2c2HednWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432d259768a04f01936bfd8b22241608","width":243},"text":"","id":"MYQMd2aQeooUgUxqeEWcheCEnJg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqGgdomQAoWYAix6SvFccdBSnYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区按逻辑分组来进行工具排序。功能区由多个功能选项卡组成,每点击一个选项卡,下方则会对应展示出一个功能面板,面板包括了对创建和修改图形需要的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQymd240Wom8CAxam5AcRk9knjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":123,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0256173d622b410db672492a9e27a1e8","width":1123},"text":"","id":"CgWud4aayoYaUWx4nY9c4tecnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【功能区选项卡和面板】功能区由一系列选项卡组成,这些选项卡被组织到面板,其中包含很多工具栏中可用的工具和控件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUkudQCEKo80Mgx2zqMcLgOZnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":293,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c05ee3e047db45c693581fc80a403f44","width":1024},"text":"","id":"BECeduuEuoe2KwxkLdacgm8lnCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一些功能区面板提供了对与该面板相关的对话框的访问。要显示相关的对话框,请单击面板右下角处由箭头图标表示的对话框启动器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQIadi2cio80UixojTPcSlyhnyd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":191,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60ab16c433f147d6946d4ba3ad86bb02","width":380},"text":"","id":"CQqqdIYG2okiqaxGy0Gckvh6nRP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注:您可以控制显示哪些功能区选项卡和面板。在功能区上单击鼠标右键,然后单击或清除快捷菜单上列出的选项卡或面板的名称。如下图:显示和隐藏【默认选项卡】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TegOdQK00oaQYGxczcfcQMB9nzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":725,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8c4676fdec2e41c68875c73611c4fdf8","width":1181},"text":"","id":"I8SAdQ0CIoqagkxaO8EcJyBwnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【浮动面板】您可以将面板从功能区选项卡中拉出,并放到绘图区域中或其他监视器上。浮动面板将一直处于打开状态(即使切换功能区选项卡),直到您将其放回到功能区。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SkK0dqAgCoMIw6x6hDcczdZLn8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":119,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/274e834ef484469296a0c4db4999435c","width":354},"text":"","id":"BqoSdaSuAo6kiuxYFNHccLECnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【滑出式面板】如果您单击面板标题中间的箭头,面板将展开以显示其他工具和控件。默认情况下,当您单击其他面板时,滑出式面板将自动关闭。要使面板保持展开状态,请单击滑出式面板左下角的图钉图标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BIsEdGcUwo8Ie8xwzHbcQfP4nvf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":531,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bc74a44a938e4a0ebee2bd07058dfe5f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"SCAsdKwyYoQI4wxm4Pmc7nOpnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【命令栏】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYoydGGqAoM2CQx63cscF85Mnvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"程序的核心部分是“命令”窗口,它通常固定在应用程序窗口的底部。“命令”窗口可显示提示、选项和消息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmWKd6IAmoKYSuxuYclcVm2Vn7f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【命令栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a1a61c87e3ba45cca3d4f31d11de6305","width":440},"text":"","id":"XsG2dQsYCoqykuxGw1rcpNk6neh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"您可以直接在“命令”窗口中输入命令,而不使用功能区、工具栏和菜单。许多长期用户更喜欢使用此方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AgMed6CqIom4GuxsLKtczyN6ncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注:开始键入命令时,它会自动完成。当提供了多个可能的命令时,您可以通过单击或使用箭头键并按Enter键或空格键来进行选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GwMwdIUwAoomayxMTbYcd1W5nQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EMGKdMMM4oukmKx2jhKcHju8n6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词解释:状态栏显示光标位置、绘图工具以及会影响绘图环境的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RwgGdqI08oUacwxMHYGcyOGGnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏提供对某些最常用的绘图工具的快速访问。您可以切换设置(例如,夹点、捕捉、极轴追踪和对象捕捉)。您也可以通过单击某些工具的下拉箭头,来访问它们的其他设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWyYdYMswoO4c8xYLQoc0c0NnMf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0289ad8b0a9346f0bffb91efafd6a3d8","width":2330},"text":"","id":"Gc00d4A4goYygoxOK0fc0Tqfnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注:默认情况下,不会显示所有工具,您可以通过状态栏上最右侧的按钮,选择您要从“自定义”菜单显示的工具。状态栏上显示的工具可能会发生变化,具体取决于当前的工作空间以及当前显示的是“模型”选项卡还是布局选项卡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Py4idgqqSoWYcKxGQBPcQmPlnvg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":64,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee8c5ee7e72a40cda78f0e4ba3e571ca","width":527},"text":"","id":"BWeedcOo4o8GyWxM1HocnYQGnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"您还可以使用键盘上的功能键(F1–F12),切换其中某些设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCa2dKgysoewmIx4ELocRXssnnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3487e9ca8fdd40acaeb08bd4a173ab8f","width":642},"text":"","id":"TwUEdo2mMomWmcxtFSPcyKZ9ndy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快捷菜单】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z6KsdIuwYoaQ4kxyAH7cd3vqnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词解释:显示快速获取当前动作有关命令的快捷菜单。在屏幕的不同区域内单击鼠标右键时,可以显示快捷菜单。快捷菜单上通常包含以下选项:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GqA8dQCwSomimaxaQ5mcnOOXnJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、重复执行输入的上一个命令;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SWQudeYOUoYqgkxop4CcBkYCnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"t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[圆心(C)],接着继续指定圆弧的第二个点或[圆心(C)/端点(E)],即可完成圆弧的绘制了。如下图所示:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqG2dgEAgoaYw0xrBgTcuv3cnt8"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":641,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"制图常用的基本命令2","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d28443b65638464e80947ed86561d100","width":1024},"text":"","id":"JSoWducuIoGuoSxm4twc0JD9nXc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背诵秘籍口诀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dk8GdSKC0o6Woux0expcQbxKnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、想到直线就用L+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2asdCqQOoimuyxYPgJcFkdenah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、想到圆就用C+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsEodQ6AWoe04MxkzA2cYMjmnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、想到圆弧就用A+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqIcdUAMaoiSUcx2uxRcX6l8nUt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、想到矩形就用REC+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OiMwd4IAIomMeYxsjqzcYTyOnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、想到点就用PO+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CYEadUmgIoWucmxAV7bcsWr8nDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、想到单行文本就用DT","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6OwdMqWsoIcIexyiSHcdD2hnYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、想到多行文本就用MT","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4UMdsog0oU6S2xuuQjcF4lIn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、想到填充就用H","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VuMidCigCoUUGCxUMducczA7nhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、想到线段延伸到某一线段就用EX+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2IOdMYYyouGYMxWeavcJUwsnqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、想到矩形倒圆角就用F+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGgidgaycoOAsSxA108cPJjtnah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、想到修剪绘图过程中多余的线就用TR+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEaEdCKAwoScMixu41HcPAVWnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、想到修改文本就用ED+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BYqQdIKaGo6WSPxxJoqc0onHnE8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、想到移动就用M+空格;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKYgdkQqWoowwGxIrO8cBf6znhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、想到旋转就用RO+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSCMdu4eeow2AQxM1prcQXoinOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"15、想到偏移就用O+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uu80dKCEgoYggYxodqPc8CvgnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"16、想到镜像就用MI+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UIYcdGWiso0YAEx2d6jcWtlWn0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"17、想到复制就用CO+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKWed2E4yoogIixWQdFcBxHMnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"18、想到局部观察平面图细节就用Z+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N0oSdEgCioQKAAxUJujc8afknQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"19、想到实时缩放放大镜就用Z+空格+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEg2dys4So2QECxIqtccBtB1nyF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20、想到平移视图就用P+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaSedyquWoq8A4xasfWcXFE8nud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"21、想到平移视图平移视图就用P+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ous8dwEGeomcosxkN9Kc6edEnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"22、想到返回上一视图就用Z+空格+P+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ViKudCo4aoWAUIxUfXxcSuidnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"23、想到全局显示自己绘的平面图就用Z+空格+A+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VScGdgueeowU6cxOYBCcfU1HnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"24、想到打印文件就用CTRL+P","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I20QdAe4MoM482xRIbEcvAyung5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"25、想到复制,就用CTRL+C","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BWuEdc0cyoGOuaxQHmDcTMORnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"26、想到粘贴就用CTRL+V","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKIOdWM4QoqWySxicj6c4Ounnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"27、想到剪切就用,CTRL+X代表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYK6duIMeoOKsWxQTgYcuIAwnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"28、想到新建文件就用CTRL+N","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGcqdOU0EoqEqux8bjNc8XUonpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"29、想到寻求帮助时,就用F1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiEWdqg2youUemxSCNNcPPGynte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"30、想到正交就用F8","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6wEd4wUKoyQMixGOzoco5dIntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"31、想到打开和关闭对象捕捉工具就用F3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PYSsdeiI8o40e6xcTl5cJAAmnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"32、想到直线标注就用DLI+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0k8dqyWcoo0sAxZl0Kcg5HmnH2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"33、想到调整文字样式就用ST+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EgCYdKOkiomagqxodUDcBQSunme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"34、想到重新生成就用R+E+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwmudIyGqoImWKxUNCmcyPNJnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"35、想要设置捕捉模式就用OS+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkUadm6oAo4ie2xSgJ6cGwZ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trs":{"height":504,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de0e63cfcf264058bc890fe5b1d873ad","width":1024},"text":"","id":"D42IdU2o0oc62qxemvdcIWnpnce"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/46ca082556724c8c8523422230dbe5f0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"LiEudYiqMoGEkux4bjsc6POdnrb"}],"text":"","id":"E460deiYkoMaGCxwrrtclePTnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里插一点,如果你框选以后想取消选择,只需按ESC即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E460deiYkoMaGCxwrrtclePTnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你只想取消部分图形的选中状态,只需按住shift再将你想取消选择的图形进行框选(逻辑同样是上面两种形式),此时被框中的图形就会取消被选中的状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCkMdWuugoAYCGxWEjZcBZtInwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这样的两种框选模式看似简单,但学会实际运用它们是能大大提高你的画图效率的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OyeEdWSmco2GauxSNBgcRYANnzH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我举个简单的例子,如图,一个矩形中有许多交叉的直线。如果我只想选中直线的部分,而不想选中矩形怎么办?这里提供两种思路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MQ6CdQukkoSu6yxKUijcX18Mnrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":536,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55837732dd82475689f197f0d96f9154","width":1024},"text":"","id":"T8oOdQmmGowaCmxaB34cSymrnpH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在矩形内部,从右往左进行框选使选框接触到所有直线,这样即使直线外部未被框柱,所有直线还是会被选中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EgsAdK4mwoMAKQx2jtkcpf6JnOh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":490,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ec34ea64e85482da4bcdc2cd0aa5265","width":1024},"text":"","id":"NEQadaaoQog0QSxgzJBcvoeUnKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":556,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/484cc15f700a48fe89448a953ad7c3a6","width":1024},"text":"","id":"KYgYd048Ko6a4OxlblGcwaG4nFN"}],"text":"","id":"RGgKdCs4moK6YaxwR0mcXotUnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、先从左往右把所有元素选中,再按住shift从右往左框选,只接触到外部矩形的部分,将它取消选中状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGgKdCs4moK6YaxwR0mcXotUnog"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":588,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab022f81dcc945e598d74e5316b6d993","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Rq8Cd24gUo2oAix67LucVXNFn1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d28583f1b83479e8f3f29e8f10715fc","width":1024},"text":"","id":"PmeIdyuOQoaeGoxmwOvcHS2bnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d28583f1b83479e8f3f29e8f10715fc","width":1024},"text":"","id":"PmeIdyuOQoaeGoxmwOvcHS2bnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":556,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34c9d1bc9a394e97b79fcf03e55972dd","width":1024},"text":"","id":"TOCkdg48io8cOEx2rLnc3w5HnTh"}],"text":"","id":"FEWCd4egsoS0C8xWQ3hcG96Yn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、键盘命令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEWCd4egsoS0C8xWQ3hcG96Yn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"取消、删除、撤销、重做。任何绘图软件都离不开以上四种操作,这里我将CAD这四种操作的快捷键告诉大家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CekcdS8cWosm68xenN9c6vlZnWk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"取消:ESC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AKSqd4gSKoYQwwxyiiFca81fn6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除:Delete","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGmydmgqGoigKsxmq9jcFDxpnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤销:Ctrl+Z(撤销多步就多按几次)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VwOgdq8U6owAqQxJLcqc7tPSndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重做:Ctrl+Y(重做一般与撤销搭配使用,如果你撤销多了一步,按重做会回到上一步)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8sGd6w2soW6iExA9uSc4nLGnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、鼠标中键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0qWd8GC4ogUgGxU15fct1REnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、双击鼠标中键:显示全部图形对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4uYdymeaoAmKoxaIxUcyQEAn3e"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":457,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fca57e97ffef49f0bf63665bf77a0c16","width":1080},"text":"","id":"Sua0dckEko0W8Uxo34ZcjCn0nDe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":425,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef8ad7f3c0c9413d86f2fd65b8bfa1b7","width":720},"text":"","id":"AAsIdc8SEoKMW6xQvaecAC8Nnvf"}],"text":"","id":"A4AsdYkeUo8GsCxKkAZcfNiintf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A4AsdYkeUo8GsCxKkAZcfNiintf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按住鼠标中键拖动鼠标:移动图纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ce4IdOSuWomSwCxYJPGcYfcRnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时十字光标会变成一只小手,你可以通过拖动鼠标来移动图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XyCcd2wQYoucQOxaEV8c1D5XnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、滚动鼠标中键:缩放图纸。这个大家应该都懂,缩放图纸与上面的拖动图纸配合使用,方便你找到图形的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JM0wdiSy4oYO6cxM70CcCOQ7nOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、命令栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8QOdKsSKoUO82xUzgXc9vqznvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD这个软件,在我看来最重要的就是它的命令栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IO2Sdauw6oQ0YmxwUPbctbnenP1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"几乎你画在图上的一切东西都与它有关。首先它的位置在之前讲过,位于CAD界面的下方,共两栏。上面一栏表示已结束的命令,下面一栏表示现在的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IMEQdaEimoIImaxUz3Lclj4Jned"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":34,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5599979f7134709bd64cd0ecbcf4236","width":1080},"text":"","id":"MooGdUIqyo2QUGxoFBpc5sHDneN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD的命令栏,就相当于一个你的助手,它会指引你做每一步操作。下面举个简单的例子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dyq2dM6KkoeEk2xGIZmcFMipnCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图,首先我们选择CAD左侧绘图工具中的直线。(可直接键盘上输入L再按空格/回车)此时命令栏第二行提示指定第一个点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IgocdOce4o8coUxKU8cc1g7HnWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":198,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54539c27a4d3464f990d7fec38c39246","width":34},"text":"","id":"GmGadmkkwoiKEQxaJHNc3uWgnEi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在绘图区空白处单击一下,此时命令显示为指定下一点或放弃U。(由于这条线还没画完,此时第一栏并没有内容,即没有上一步命令)此时你再选绘图区另外一点,一条直线就画完了;如果你输入U,则放弃绘制这条直线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSQKdQACCoeU0GxX40ycuRpKnvx"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":33,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4b1c0f037384738aac9071febec4b6e","width":241},"text":"","id":"SOi6dqy8yokQq8xUhUbc90knnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而此时命令栏还是提示指定下一点或放弃。这里你有两种选择。1是单击空格/回车键,则线段绘制完毕。2是继续选择另一点,那么就会出现两条线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qs44d6IY4oIe6gxCcgscWM2xnKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":625,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a8da029d832434e866cb5f1d4fff303","width":1024},"text":"","id":"M6mgdMGOMoC2eKx5PR4cIk9wnBL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时命令栏的提示多了一项:闭合C。如果你键盘输入C,则两条线段头尾相接,不在一条直线上则形成三角形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIkSdWUoOok6SUxU3e4cS1wtnFf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":30,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ceae07a20f042cfaa3ab14d177652e8","width":348},"text":"","id":"LEGSdUOsUo8C80xOO79cwpoNnrc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":469,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81e7edd7427d4bcc8a660a69ae20d4c5","width":720},"text":"","id":"PQ4AdcqmmoqSmQxqSMNcax2Kn1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":469,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81e7edd7427d4bcc8a660a69ae20d4c5","width":720},"text":"","id":"PQ4AdcqmmoqSmQxqSMNcax2Kn1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":31,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a45bd78cf7014e39a362f8421cf2777d","width":416},"text":"","id":"SUUqdoG2coiGKYxMdo0cOoobnXe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":31,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a45bd78cf7014e39a362f8421cf2777d","width":416},"text":"","id":"SUUqdoG2coiGKYxMdo0cOoobnXe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":459,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6deef09719b243929584555f7946a5f0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"RsOudaYyOosuCuxAtv0ci7jLnve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":459,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6deef09719b243929584555f7946a5f0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"RsOudaYyOosuCuxAtv0ci7jLnve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe87fed395514abdb941d3246f04b4ee","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Wo8OdwG84og0YixAh11ctTesnQe"}],"text":"","id":"AicSd0eK4oMwSOxeqFvc4lVWn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里注意两点:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AicSd0eK4oMwSOxeqFvc4lVWn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制完图形对象后,再单击空格或回车键,即可结束整个命令。如果你想重复上一次的命令,比如想继续画线段,只需再按下空格,会自动重复上一次指令。此时又要开始选择线段的第一个点……","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DUKudMOiqo6Ug6xayHfcHMVtnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上牵扯到一个核心的操作逻辑。即CAD的命令栏在你选择完基础命令后一步步指引你进行操作,给你提供多种选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L8qcdC0MkokOi8xyIzfcvyaGnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即使你对这个命令不熟悉,通过命令栏的提示你也能很快理解。例如刚才举的例子画线段,我们都知道两点确定一线段,因此CAD中绘制线段在命令栏中分两步,分别是确定两个点的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcSyd2IcMooE4UxG2j8c4WRXnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UmSmdsKWqo6KeixQ9mOc096xnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏位于命令栏下方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qe6Qd8QwqoMsMWxEti9cZsZjn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前半部分有一个坐标点的数据,它表示的是十字光标在绘图区的位置,而它的参照物是CAD绘图区的坐标原点,如下图。这里需要注意的是,Z轴的数字一般是0,因为我们主要是绘制平面上的图形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIgKdu4kcowKSaxmyLccgQqxnPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":20,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d3985e450e540358e0427eba7581ad5","width":628},"text":"","id":"Sgm0dig2eo4yuYxiqyHcqkPgnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏重点在于后半部分的几个按钮,掌握它们,你的绘图效率会得到极大的提高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsAydq2a0oQCGSx4EJ0ctqfen4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":625,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ff68b9a3bea4f9dace01c4d8a42f4d8","width":1024},"text":"","id":"ZCG0d8OGcouWoyxoBZjcVoXdnGA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先说下捕捉模式和栅格显示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zk0mdokiUoYGk4xO0z9cg2mFnvb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":23,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b24440318dc049968eb6991a0664a1de","width":49},"text":"","id":"YSeadmuOooYMKUxMPvdc8nOnn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它们一般搭配使用,捕捉会自动捕捉最近的栅格点,栅格则是体现在绘图区会出现栅格网,这两个按钮我建议大家关掉,会对绘图的视线造成干扰,同时容易使光标闪烁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uq4idIkkWoYEYaxk1qicOtwFn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、接下来是正交模式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V40cdWCeMoAK4IxG4ITc6Y4snYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":27,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/605790387b9d4b4d99444e6cedf47a4a","width":26},"text":"","id":"MCE6d4cWmoUw46xqKYWctktMnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"开启和关闭它的快捷键是键盘上的F8,经常会用到希望大家记住。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ReYmdSywYo6ciWxsniwczX2Wnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个模式非常重要。如果你要画直线,希望直线横平竖直,即只在XY方向绘制,那么打开正交模式,所有画出来的线条都会在XY方向。与此相关的是其后的极轴模式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IAcSdcAK2oOgUOxT6nrc5XTVnwp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":26,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1954273a2fb4431aa4730bec80dcec8b","width":26},"text":"","id":"UUM4dY8weoQ8UwxWij9ch9hQnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就是通常的带角度的绘图模式,与正交模式相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SkKIduqm2og6maxwfN7c3O8dnKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、对象捕捉,快捷键F3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FgiId0ekCokOq4x4gozcQpRjnKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":29,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/443f2a6e37c8426c86f9e0f55abb70d3","width":32},"text":"","id":"SYsUdeMkuoCgQuxyIZTcN1VMnOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个模式可以极大极大极大极大提高绘图的效率,非常重要!这里先举个简单的例子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKGUdSa4UosGuoxy6Pkc517gn4I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当你绘制出了一个矩形,想选中的它的一个角点往上画别的东西,这个时候把对象捕捉模式打开,那么你会发现,当光标移动到矩形角点附近时,会在角点上出现一个绿色的小框。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ek2cdSqYYoiSeOxeKnXcFAcmnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时如果你要再往上画个矩形,那么当你绘制时,你会发现矩形的角点自动吸附到了原矩形的角点上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAC8dmCggo0m2ixwDQOck1bUnlp"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":696,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8cded5b88575476f954861ceee0f5f7c","width":1024},"text":"","id":"JaqWdyAcWoC0GgxsvZwc0Z1en1b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26105262aeda4740b45e76e2e88cbd6f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"AWO2dEgUmosu4MxwF9Bcm0PJnA3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26105262aeda4740b45e76e2e88cbd6f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"AWO2dEgUmosu4MxwF9Bcm0PJnA3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":708,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/25bca42290c44bb7949213cdade18aaf","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Gka4dwuI8oyiosxfqtHcsr6AnJF"}],"text":"","id":"DwsudKka6oAmE2xCeT8cdFZ3nEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此,对象捕捉模式就像一块磁铁,它能让光标自动吸附到一些特殊的点位上,不仅仅是端点角点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwsudKka6oAmE2xCeT8cdFZ3nEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里鼠标右键单击对象捕捉,选择设置,里面提供了各种各样的特殊点和延长线等等。这里提醒下大家,千万别全部打开哦,不然会被各种磁铁吸来吸去,眼花缭乱反而降低效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQeadOKGComEqYx4qegcyOtwnMe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":539,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e3beff9e5724db1982138d7d788e370","width":668},"text":"","id":"AseOdYGOAo4yUixQLiWc4OfGnCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、对象捕捉追踪","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqYOdg8QSoMiAuxoHzocpFVvnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"设想你要画两条线段,希望它们不仅平行且头尾对齐,该怎么画?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2SYdWasKoAmWgxOaWBcHguqn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图,当你开启对象捕捉追踪后,在绘制第二条线段的第二个点时,先将光标挪到第一条线段的端点上再慢慢往下挪动(不要单击,只是挪动),此时会出现一条绿色的虚线,它就像一把尺子一样能帮助你对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McY6dUK0IoigQ4xigaWc2kM3nYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这时将光标慢慢往下挪,单击即可绘制出端点对齐的两条线啦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iqoed8kKyoWmi2xm60CctQGpnfe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":695,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba934dc811b14b299cdf365e7cc4e1fa","width":1024},"text":"","id":"HMq4dOYOqoqsKkxYVV7ctUpYnXc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55616e7e00db4f6ca20e1253404426b2","width":1024},"text":"","id":"NCs0dgAsGoGmYWxsltkcgwnnn1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55616e7e00db4f6ca20e1253404426b2","width":1024},"text":"","id":"NCs0dgAsGoGmYWxsltkcgwnnn1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":471,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1327453f80c41d88656307eb4ea6a7a","width":659},"text":"","id":"RgyMdEIo0oOssMxOcx6cWUMxn4d"}],"text":"","id":"IoqOdUKeUosg8yxEFQlcUcsznCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握绘图基本规范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoqOdUKeUosg8yxEFQlcUcsznCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个包括标注样式、详图、剖图、引线规范等。这就像学会了写字,组词造句一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYMgd2sASok0e8xOuEfc5Scyntg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"POk2dmmYWoyUyAxk6o0ciYkVnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、所有设计室出的图纸都要配备图纸封皮、图纸说明、图纸目录。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XWkqdu0EMoa8WwxKwfYcliPOn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、图纸封皮须注明工程名称、图纸类别(施工图、竣工图、方案图)、制图日期。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CYoWdUaswo4Qgsxqd29c5Nydn3E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、图纸说明须对工程进一步说明工程概况、工程名称、建设单位、施工单位、设计单位或建筑设计单位等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FAMYd0mOsocqYAxspGpcJ8DHnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、每张图纸须编制图名、图号、比例、时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qa22dKw00oEUu8xC0Nqch3oMnUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、打印图纸按需要、比例出图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MgIedu6SYo8ewKxarpPcqykonfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用制图方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKAidCymKougG6x8dUec7kYRnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、常用比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OAoQdYKusoIKqMxeWfJcTq8AnQd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用制图方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06b84d68c8f046d7be959ac6bfb5425b","width":560},"text":"","id":"XMo6dq4UEos4CMxKIq2cghG8nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKksd2i4ioECyIxILgKcAMNNnSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1:15、1:20、1:25、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60、1:80","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GMoWd4gSGoqOC4xsds7cUyCVn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1:100、1:150、1:200、1:250、1:300、1:400、1:500","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZcQCdgg84ociCKx0kvicwssMnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、线型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8GQdkmEqoyUg8xOKKsc86EinHh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":236,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用制图方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27ba4a03d9d54403913cf966dc9de1cc","width":414},"text":"","id":"VQimdagIwomESGx6bIicttE7ndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、粗实线:0.3mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UcYUdE00EoMy0GxvClNcKvEXnIN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)平、剖面图中被剖切的主要建筑构造的轮廓(建筑平面图)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkQmdGWGsoASc0xU3CdcsxRJnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)室内外立面图的轮廓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TisAdkeKAoC4EUxcZtKcrRLDnLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3)建筑装饰构造详图的建筑物","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"表面线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XWsUduwgmoi6uIxQ7hocZ1wUnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中实线:0.15-0.18mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIMmdYMqMoQSUoxcvi9cDsQ1nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)平、剖面图中被剖切的次要建筑构造的轮廓线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FySadI064oKumUxI3JVcNUD8n4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)室内外平顶、立、剖面图中建筑构配件的轮廓线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kg4UdKQUKoQECSxq88tcyld4nUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3)建筑装饰构造详图及构配件详图中一般轮廓线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AeocdK22WouAaixc7YucFvrRnm2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、细实线:0.1mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ueegd6iogoAGasxau0Gc0K1rnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"填充线、尺寸线、尺寸界限、索引符号、标高符号、分格线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DS6sd2uaSoQOMsxmMQrc7RCXnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、细虚线:0.1-0.13mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOmWdMEAUoegQ0xeKHLcSK0snUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)室内平面、顶面图中未剖切到的主要轮廓线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A6eod4emKoYeUixqibocfn1Rngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)建筑构造及建筑装饰构配件不可见的轮廓线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IywWd4UekoA0WcxmscMcgmOinKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3)拟扩建的建筑轮廓线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMe4dI2E2oc6U4xiMSscOyDOnIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4)外开门立面图开门表示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwSGdKKGuoqGqCxW6hBc9CEInhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、细点划线:0.1-0.13mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIqSdWk4Oo0MeWxsbsyceqqinXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心线、对称线、定位轴线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ua6adeq8YocG02xofHWcj1Zxnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、细折断线:0.1-0.13mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcEAdwkq2o6ak8xWqAdc8owUnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不需画全的断开界线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSMgdEYW8oCA4Ox4Qtnc1EZ0n8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、打印出图笔号1-10号线宽设置,选择打印,弹出的对话框的右上角有个笔形的图标,点击,出现各种颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cg4CdSIi6okuyuxuhDpcU3JPnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10号特粗线","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":":","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"1)立面地坪线2)索引剖切符号3)图标上线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoSIdSKqkoQqEaxCciNcwndUnVv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4)索引图标中表示索引图在本图的短线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMmWdouuQoWmsex6gM1c0PRQnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"剖切索引符号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LwSwdikmOoYCC4xpX80cYFFfnF2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、m:ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOgGdSiq8o6ykwx8HtgcbwG2n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、m:ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uskidy02Eoageux0tnFcGaMlnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"特粗线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"到索引线为剖视方向","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWUedeSOIoY4GsxyesIcEETfnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、A:字高5mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸),字高4mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4EsdUMqooSok2xaSulcMiejnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、B-01:字高3mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸),字高2、5mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DeaSdwK8soKcgMxecQBc05ALnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、A为索引图号,B-01为索引图纸号,B-01为“”表示索引在本图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYC0dk8e4oWiO2x2FXacbj3inum"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、平、立面索引符号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAo2dMQuEo4YqexmASNcJAoynpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、m:ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCaoduaMmo4cGYxcXOscTM3nncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、m:ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KyIiduy4yoewasxKwEMcRaPjnkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、A1-A4:字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KaeGdaSs0oEmeixMRpxcrAqfnpY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、B-01--B-04:字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸),字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JGaCd4amEogI4sxsX4XcCDzbndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、大样图索引","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MGeQd4YyeoKqMoxAZ7jcHE8LnKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大样引出框","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOOOdA0SMoMogGxAXY8cdspxnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、m:ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSSadCmEeok8agxIlXcciRrXnje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、m:ø12mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text"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刘老师


从事留学10年以上,帮助过很多的国内学生处理留学申请,签证,生活,学习等各方面的问题,有丰富的留学咨询和实战经验。凭借着个人丰富的生活历程和申请经验,会准确的指导学生海外申请和学习生活的相关注意事项,成功帮助众多学子完成梦校留学的梦想。

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