英克尔斯(Alex Inkeles),美国斯坦福大学教授,胡佛研究所高级研究员,美国科学院院士,美国艺术和科学学院院士,美国哲学协会会员。 于20世纪70年代提出现代化国家的10条标准： 1人均国内生产总值（GDP）达到3000美元以上 2农业产值在国内生产总值（GDP）中占12％e69da5e6ba907a686964616f31333238653239—15％ 3第三产业在国内生产总值中占45％以上 4非农业就业人口占总就业人口70％以上 5适龄青年受高等教育人数占10％—15％ 6城市人口占总人口的50％以上 7平均每个医生服务人口在1000人以下 8平均预期寿命70岁以上 9人口自然增长率在1‰以下 10识字人口占80％以上 Alex Inkeles Alex Inkeles is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. He is also a professor of sociology and, by courtesy, of education (emeritus) at Stanford University. He is an expert on political behavior, modernization, social psychology, and national character. His current research focuses on the social structure of an emerging worldwide society and cross-national comparative studies. He is also studying patterns of family development, at-risk adolescents, treatment of the aged, Social Security, education, and legal systems in a comparative perspective. His most recent volumes are One World EmergingConvergence and Divergence in Industrial Societies (Westview Press, 1998) and National Character: A Psycho-Social Perspective (Transaction Publications, 1997). He is editor (with Masamichi Sasaki) of Comparing Nations and Cultures (Prentice Hall, 1995). Exploring Individual Modernity (Columbia University Press, 1983) appeared in a Chinese edition (Tianjin People's Publishing House, 1995). His classic Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries (Harvard University Press, 1974) has also been translated into Chinese. The author of numerous books and more than 150 articles on sociology and social psychology, he received the Kappa Tau Alpha Award for the best book on mass communication and journalism for his first book, Public Opinion in Soviet Russia (1950), and the Grant Squires Prize from Columbia University (1955). "Linking the Whole Human Race: The World as a Communications System" was awarded the first annual prize for work contributed to the journal Business in the Contemporary World in 1990. He is often invited to lecture and consult concerning problems of national development in both developing and advanced countries. He has done so in mainland China (1983 and 1986); in Bulgaria (1989), under the auspices of the Bulgarian Academy of Science for a program on personality development under conditions of sociotechnical change; and in Poland (1990) as a guest of the Polish Academy of Science. In 1989, he organized a conference at the Hoover Institution comparing Japanese and American national character and another international conference on measuring democracy, also at Hoover. Inkeles is also continuing his study of the interrelations of personality and social structure, specifically the influence of individual development on the level of national development and how it shapes the form and content of personality and national character. In addition, he is engaged with other Hoover Institution scholars in a major study of the social factors related to democratic political systems worldwide. He has been elected to three of the most distinguished honorary societies in America: the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1962), the American Philosophical Society (1972), and the National Academy of Sciences (1981). Before coming to Stanford University, he was a professor of sociology at Harvard University. In 1998 Inkeles served as a fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science at the Institute of Statistical Mathematics in Tokyo. In 1997, he served as a senior visiting scholar at the Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania. He held a National Academy of Sciences fellowship in 1992 and a Guggenheim fellowship for study in Israel and the United Kingdom in 1977–1978. In 1977, he was a Fulbright scholar in Greece and in 1985 in Chile. Inkeles has held fellowships at the Russell Sage Foundation in New York (1966 and 1985–86); the Eisenhower Foundation of Taiwan (1984–85); the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey (1974–75); and the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences in Stanford, California (1955–56). Born in Brooklyn, New York, he received an A.B. degree in 1941 and an A.M. in 1946 from Cornell University. He received a Ph.D. in 1949 from Columbia University.

Alex Inkeles。美国斯坦福大百学教授，胡佛研究所高级研究员,美国科学院院士,美国艺术和科学学院院士,美国哲学协会会员。 于20世纪70年代提出现代化国家的10条标准：1人均国内度生产总值（知GDP）达到3000美元以上 2农业产值在国内生产总值（GDP）中占12％—15％ 3第三产业在国内生产总值中占45％以上 4非农业就业人口占总就业人口70％以上 5适龄青年受高等教道育人数占10％—15％ 6城市人口占总人口的50％以上 7平均每个医生服务人口在1000人以下回 8平均预期寿命70岁以上 9人口自然增长率在1‰以下 10识字人口占80％以上 但是现在的标准又提高了。而且以上的10条也不全面，现在又有扩展。第答一条的3000美元以当时的购买力计算。

Make the modernization of the national standard of 10 Stanford University professor莫克尔斯