become是一个中性词,可用于意义好、坏两方面的变化。
多指身份、职位等的变化,它强调变化的过程已经完成,后面可接名词或形容词。例:He becomes a teacher. 他成了一名老师。(现在已经是一位老师)Her mother became angry when she heard the news.她妈妈听到这个消息时非常生气。What do you have to do to become apilot?人们需要做些什么才能成为飞行员?Richard became aware of the gravity of the situation.理查德开始意识到情况的严重性。注意:(1)通常不用become来谈论有目的的行动。Please get ready now.现在请作好准备。 (不能说:Please become ready now.)(2)表示将来之事的“成为…”,在口语中常用be来表示。He wants to become a doctor.=He wantsto be adoctor.(3)“演变到,终于……”不用become而用come todo来表示。She has come to like rock music.她终于喜欢摇滚乐了。▲get多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调的是“渐渐变得”,后常接形容词的比较级形式。It’s getting darker and darker outside. 户外天色越来越暗。In winter the days get shorter. 冬季白天变得较短。
(1)与形容词old,tired和ill连用,也可以用在lost,broken,dressed,married等过去分词的前面。它不像become那样正式。It was getting very dark.天越来越黑了。(非正式)You get younger every day.你越来越年轻了。(非正式)They got married in 1986and got divorced two yearslater.他们1986年结的婚,两年以后便离婚了。
(2)作此意思讲时,通常不用在名词的前面。What do you have to become apilot?人们需要做些什么才能成为飞行员?(不能说:to get a pilot?)(3)有时可以用get加动词不定式来表示逐渐变化。After afew weeks I got to like the job better.几个星期以后,我逐渐地更喜欢这个工作了。She is nice when you get to know her.你逐渐了解了她以后,你会觉得她这个人不错。▲turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同,强调变化的结果。Leaves turned brown in the mountains. 山里的树叶已变成了棕色。The milk has turned bad. 牛奶变质了。▲go可以用在形容词之前来谈论变化,尤其是在非正式文体中。下面两种情况,这种用法很常见:(1)颜色go(不是get)用来表示颜色的变化,尤其是在英国英语中。Leaves go /turn brown in autumn.秋天树叶变红了。(不能说:Leaves get brown...)Suddenly everything went black and Ilost conscious-ness.突然,眼前一片黑,我失去了知觉。其他例子(主要是英国英语):go blue with cold /red with embarrassment /green withenvy脸冻得发紫色/难堪得脸发红/因嫉妒而脸色发青turn也可以用在这些情况;在逐渐变化时,grow也可以这样用。go在文体上比turn和grow更不正式。
(2)性质的变化在一些表示向坏的变化的常用词组中用go(通常不用get)。horses go lame马腿瘸了machines go wrong机器出毛病meat,fish or vegetables go bad肉、鱼或蔬菜变质milk goes off(英国英语)or sour牛奶变味或变酸bread goes stale面包不新鲜了He went bald in his twenties.他二十多岁时就秃顶了。与old,tired和ill连用时要用get,而不用go.▲grow表示“逐渐变成新的状态”的含义。如:My younger brother is growing tall.我的弟弟渐渐长高了。