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Oxford is a unique and historic institution. As the oldest English-speakinguniversity in the world, it lays claim to eight centuries of continuous existence. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed atOxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, whenHenry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to theassembled Oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, initiated the University's tradition of international scholarship. By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a uniuersitas or corporation. In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (students and townspeople) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence.These were succeeded by the first of Oxford's colleges or endowed houses whose architectural splendour, together with the University's libraries and museums, give the city its unique character. University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, established between 1249 and 1264, were the oldest. Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates. Oxford early on became a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes. John Wyclif, a 14th-century Master of Balliol, campaigned for a bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy. In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. During the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford. The University was Royalist in the Civil War, and Charles I held a counter-Parliament in Convocation House. In the late 17th century, the Oxford philosopher John Locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country. The 18th century, when Oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival. Edmund Halley, Professor of Geometry, predicted the return of the comet that bears his name; John and Charles Wesley's prayer meetings laid the foundations of the Methodist Society. The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era. The Oxford Movement, led by John Henry Newman, broke from the Anglican Church in the 1840s. Twenty years later, the new University Museum was the site of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, the champion of evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce. From 1878, academic halls were established for women, who became members of the University in 1920. Since 1974, all but one of Oxford's 39 colleges have changed their statutes to admit both men and women. St Hilda's remains the only women's college. In the years since the war, Oxford has added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as a focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate. Students The University of Oxford's total student population numbers just over 16,100 (students in residence, 1998-9). Almost a quarter of these students are from overseas, including the countries of the European Union. More than 130 nationalities are represented among our student body.Almost 5,000 students are engaged in postgraduate work. Of these, around 3,000 are working in the arts and humanities.Staff Oxford's current academic community includes 76 Fellows of the Royal Society and 105 Fellows of the British Academy. A further 97 Emeritus and Honorary College Fellows are also Fellows of the British Academy, and 142 Emeritus and Honorary College Fellows are Fellows of the Royal Society.

The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world, and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. It has a world-wide reputation for outstanding academic achievement and the high quality of research undertaken in a wide range of science and arts subjects. The University pioneers work in the understanding of disease, the creation of new materials, advances in telecommunications and research into the origins of the universe. It trains doctors, vets, architects, engineers and teachers. At all levels about half of the students at Cambridge study arts and humanities subjects, many of whom have gone on to become prominent figures in the arts, print and broadcast media. The University's achievements in the sciences can be measured by the sixty or more Nobel Prizes awarded to its members over the years. The University is a self-governing body: the legislative authority is the Regent House, which consists of the three thousand or so members of the teaching and administrative staff of the University and Colleges who have the MA (or MA status) or a higher degree. The principal administrative body of the University is the Council, which consists mainly of members of the academic staff elected by the Regent House. The General Board of the Faculties co-ordinates the educational policy of the University and the Finance Committee of the Council supervises its financial affairs. As Cambridge approaches its eight hundredth anniversary in 2009, it is looking to the future. The modern University is an international centre of teaching and research in a vast range of subjects: about half of the students study science or technology. Members of the University have won over sixty Nobel Prizes. It continues to change in response to the challenges it faces. The Vice-Chancellor, for instance, is no longer a Head of College, but is a full-time administrative appointment. A Development Office and associated charitable foundation is successfully seeking funds around the world for new ventures. The 1990s have seen a major expansion of University accommodation for teaching and research. There are many major new buildings either underway or already completed, including the Law Faculty building and the Judge Institute of Management Studies, in March 1996 opened by HM The Queen

看看这个能看懂么？Oxford, Thames Valley is a major city, and its importance is the 1167 Oxford University established here. Oxford confirmed the cattle. Ancient legends-related and the cattle, thus named Oxford (Oxford). Oxford has always been a route to the West End focus, as early as 1096, had already been in Oxford lecture.Oxford University is the oldest English-speaking countries in the university. In the 12th century, Britain was no university, people are to France and other European countries to study. In 1167, England's King then argued with the French king, the king then angrily to寄读at Paris University of British scholars recall, barring them go the University of Paris. Another argument is that the king of the way then angrily to British scholar from the University of Paris back to the United Kingdom. No matter what, these scholars from Paris for home, gathered in Oxford, in scholastic philosophy of teaching and research. People then started to Oxford as a "general study," This is actually the predecessor of the University of Oxford. The scholars gathered in Oxford reason is because at that time the亨利二世to one of his palaces built in Oxford, and scholars to obtain the protection of the King, came here. 12 end of the century, Oxford referred to as "teacher-student university." In 1201, it has the first principals. In 1213, the school envoys from the pope received the first charter.It is in the Middle Ages, those active in their thinking and living uninhibited, often young students credit towards debt, inevitably conflict with the local residents. The founder of the University of Cambridge is 13 beginning of the century. The biggest conflict, hundreds of students were乱箭shot dead. This matter is the result of the king come forward repression, and imposes public Oxford University 500 in compensation costs.Oxford University's Institute posed many of the 13 and 16 century and founded the Christian College is 1525 Axworthy to create cardinals, bishops of the Church as a training college. Tom side garden is the first part of the tower as TU in the 1682 construction, the city's largest tower.Merton College is the oldest college of Oxford (1264). Others are: New College (1379), Queen's College (1695). Each college has its glorious history, the mythical construction sites, depicting a variety of interesting historical facts.