Joy高斋翻译分享：剑桥大学：官网和维基百科上写的是University of Cambridge，或the University of Cambridge或有时候直接简写为Cambridge如：北京大学和剑桥大学是具有深厚学术底蕴的一流学府。PKU and Cambridge, the two world-class universities of the highest academic traditions, have a key role to play in this endeavour. 反正平时多看外刊，多看经济学人，看外刊的时候就知道地道表达了，比如”高斋外刊双语精读“有经济学人双语精读笔记，比如下面这篇，有很多地道的表达需要我们学习，分享给大家。经济学人2月份文章原文：Opinions on the effects of children’s digital media habits are deeply polarised. At one extreme, Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University, says the smartphone has radically changed the lives of the generation of American children born between 1995 and 2012, wherever they live and whatever their background. She thinks excessive use of the internet and social media makes them lonely and depressed and poses serious risks to their physical and particularly their mental health, sometimes to the point of driving them to suicide. Others note that similar warnings were sounded when television started to spread in the second half of the 20th century. At the time it was widely believed that if children spent long hours watching it every day, they would become dumb, fat and lazy. Now watching TV together is seen as a valuable family activity for parents and children.调整后的译文：关于儿童使用数字媒体的习惯带来了的影响，人们的观点两极分化。在一个极端，圣地亚哥州立大学的心理学教授珍·特温格（Jean Twenge）认为，智能手机彻底改变了1995年至2012年间出生的美国一代儿童的生活，无论他们身处在何处，背景如何。她认为过度使用互联网和社交媒体让他们孤独和沮丧，对他们身体特别是心理健康造成了严重危害，有时甚至会达到让他们自杀的程度。其他人则认为，当电视在20世纪下半叶开始普及时，也出现过类似的警告。当时人们普遍认为，如果孩子每天花很长时间看电视，他们会变得愚笨、肥胖、懒惰。现在一起看电视却成了宝贵的亲子活动。主旨思想：开篇指出人们对于儿童使用数字媒体的习惯带来的影响，存在两种截然不同的意见。一种观点认为过度使用互联网以及社交媒体对儿童的身心理健康造成了严重的危害。另一种观点则认为，当电视刚出现的时候，人们也反对，但是现在一起看电视却被视为宝贵的亲子活动。第一句: Opinions on the effects of children’s digital media habits are deeply polarised.关于儿童使用数字媒体的习惯带来了何种影响，人们的意见两极分化。

1. Opinions about/on/over sth表示关于……的观点。

2. “digital media 数字媒体”。

3. “polarise”用作“v.”，用来表示“（使）两极化，截然对立”。“opinions...are polarised”表示“意见两极分化”、“意见不一”。在英语作文写作中，在表述对待某件事物存在两种不同观点时，可以用在开篇用“opinions on/over sth...are polarised”，还可以说“opinions on/over sthare divided...”。比如Opinions are widely divided. 众说纷纭。其中about/on/over也可以放在句尾，比如Opinions are divided over the effects of using smartphones. 关于使用手机的影响，人们的意见两极分化。除了说两极分化，我们还经常在英语作文中说“人们意见不一”，我们就可以说“opinions on/over sth...vary”、“hold different opinions on/over sth”等。比如《金融时报》在一篇介绍“新兴经济体”的文章中，也曾用到过类似的表达：Opinions on which emerging economies will outperform in the next 12 months vary.对于哪些新兴经济体在未来12个月会有更好的表现，人们意见不一。第二句：At one extreme, Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University, says the smartphone has radically changed the lives of the generation of American children born between 1995 and 2012, wherever they live and whatever their background.在一个极端，圣地亚哥州立大学的心理学教授珍·特温格（Jean Twenge）认为，智能手机彻底改变了1995年至2012年间出生的美国一代儿童的生活，无论他们身处在何处，背景如何。

1. 句子结构分析：这句话的主语是“Jean Twenge”，谓语是“says”，其中“a psychology professor...”作“Jean Twenge”的同位语，“the smartphone has radically changed the lives of the generation of American children born between 1995 and 2012”是says的宾语从句，born between 1995 and 2012是the generation of American children的后置定语，wherever they live and whatever their background是the smartphone has radically changed the lives of the generation of American children born between 1995 and 2012的让步状语。

2. “extreme”用作adj.时，表示“极端的”、“严重的”、“最……”。比如people living in extreme poverty生活在极度贫困中的人。We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.目前我们正在极大的压力下工作。Kerry is in the extreme west of Ireland.凯里位于爱尔兰的最西端。用作n.时，表示“极端”、“极限”；一般用复数，如extremes of love and hate爱和恨两种截然不同的感情；extremes of cold, wind or rain严寒、狂风、骤雨。在本句话中，在谈到两个两极分化的观点，引出其中一方观点的时候，用了“at one extreme”，在此应特别注意搭配介词“at”。

3. radically changed彻底改变了：比如同时，学校的风气也得到了根本的改善。Meanwhile, the atmosphere in the school improved radically. 还比如我们说“科技彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式”，我们在英文作文中就可以说Technology has radically changed how we pick up information. 4. the smartphone：the+科技类产品单数表示一类产品，所以这里翻译为智能手机。

5. “generation”表示“一代人”，常见的搭配有“the past generation 过去一代”、“the present generation 当代”、“the future generation 后代”等。

6. whatever their background：这个完整的是whatever their background is。第三句：She thinks excessive use of the internet and social media makes them lonely and depressed and poses serious risks to their physical and particularly their mental health, sometimes to the point of driving them to suicide.她认为过度使用互联网和社交媒体让他们孤独和沮丧，对他们身体特别是心理健康造成了严重危害，有时甚至会达到让他们自杀的程度。

1. excessive use of the internet and social media makes them lonely and depressed and poses serious risks to their physical and particularly their mental health是 thinks宾语从句，sometimes to the point of 是状语，表示递进。

2. “excessive”表示“过分的”、“过度的”，常用的搭配有“excessive use 过度使用”、“excessive force 过度武力”、“excessive demand过度需求”等。

3. poses serious risks to：对……造成威胁/危害。比如我们可以说Climate change poses risks to all of us, but by far the largest risks to poor countries. 气候变化对我们所有人都构成威胁，但迄今为止对贫穷国家的威胁最大。比如我们还可以说：Rampant credit growth poses risks to the financial system迅猛的信贷增长对金融体系构成风险。这个表达里面的risks还可以换为threats，比如我们在说贸易主义的时候我们就可以这样说：Protectionism poses real threats to the global economy.保护主义对全球经济构成切实的威胁。“lonely”只作adj.，表示“孤独的”、“寂寞的”。修饰地方时，意思是“偏远的，荒凉的”，a lonely beach人迹罕至的海滩。这里说下alone、lone和lonely三者的区别：alone可以作副词，比如She lives alone.她独居独处；lone 表示“孤单的”、“单独的”，可以作定语，比如a lone mother/parent/father 单亲母亲 / 父亲。A lone sea gull flew across the sky. 一只孤独的海鸥在空中飞过。Lonely则既可以作表语，也可以作定语。She feels lonely.她感到寂寞。a lonely child孤寂的孩子。I don't feel lonely as I've made new friends here. 我在这里又交了新朋友，一点也不寂寞。A lone skier on the mountain. 山上一个孤独的滑雪者。

4. “particularly”表示“特别”、“尤其”等含义，包含一种强调的意味。在“their physical and particularly their mental health”这句话中，通过运用“particularly”，以及两个“their”，更加突现并列的含义。

5. “to the point of...”表示“达到...的程度、到达……的地步”。后面跟动词时，需要用v-ing形式。同时。后面也可以直接跟名词形式，比如：Lucy is unusual to the point of eccentricity. 露西特立独行到了古怪的地步。Tom was anxious to the point of neurosis.汤姆焦虑得都要得神经症了。Her prose is vigorous and dense, occasionally to the point of obscurity. 她的散文文笔有力、内容庞杂，有时几近晦涩。The applause was thin to the point of non-existence. 掌声稀稀拉拉，几近于无。

6. “drive”表示后面可以跟形容词，表示逼到……程度，即“drive”有“drive sb. +adj.”这一用法，比如You'll drive me mad.你这样会把我逼疯的。还可以后面跟to sth，也表示逼到……程度。比如这里的driving them to suicide。第四句：Others note that similar warnings were sounded when television started to spread in the second half of the 20th century.其他人则认为，当电视在20世纪下半叶开始普及时，也出现过类似的警告。

1. Note，就是think，argue的意思。也可以表示sth 指出，比如The report notes that export and import volumes picked up in leading economies. 报告特别指出经济大国的进出口量攀升。note还有很多意思，比如leave a note留下便条；See Note 9 on p. 400. 参见第400页的注释9。记下来take notes，note the number plates of passing cars记下了经过车辆的车牌号。还可以表示提醒，比如：Please note that there are a limited number of tickets. 请注意，票的数量有限。

2. sound除了表示声音，还可以表示发出，比如sound the alarm发出警告。这里的sound similar warnings 就是发出警告的意思，这里可以意译“也出现过类似的警告”。

3. “spread”表示“普及”，“传播”等含义。The alarm spread rapidly. 警报迅速传开。

4. “the second half of...”表示“下半叶”，而“上半叶”的表达为“the first half of...”。第五、六句：At the time it was widely believed that if children spent long hours watching it every day, they would become dumb, fat and lazy. Now watching TV together is seen as a valuable family activity for parents and children.当时人们普遍认为，如果孩子每天花很长时间看电视，他们会变得愚笨、肥胖、懒惰。现在一起看电视却成了宝贵的亲子活动。

1. “it was widely believed that”表示“人们普遍认为”，类似的表达还有“It is commonly believed that”、“It is universally acknowledged that”、“It is universally accepted that”等。

2. 我们在英语作文或者翻译中，也可以运用下面这一表达句型，比如关于教育话题，我们就可以说It is universally acknowledged that education plays an indispensable role in one's life. College is the gateway to success. 众所周知，教育是人生命中必不可少的部分。上大学成功之道。

3. “dumb”表示“沉默的”、“愚蠢的”、“哑的”等含义。She was born deaf and dumb .她天生又聋又哑。

4. “be seen as”表示“被视为”，同义词有“be regarded as”、“be deemed as”等。比如我们说气候变化可以解决，我们在英语作文中就可以说Climate change should not be seen as an insurmountable problem.气候变化不应该被视为一个不能克服的问题。

5. “a family activity”表示“亲子活动”，还可以说“ Family events”等。

6. 其实这整段是很好的英语作文写作段落，当我们在表达人们对某事件看法两极分化，并列出两个相反的观点时，可以使用下面这一句型“Opinions on ...are deeply polarised. At one extreme…Others note that…”。在讨论核能等都是能引起争论的话题，在阐述这些话题时就可以用上该句型，比如：Opinions on nuclear power are deeply polarised. At one extreme, supporters believe that nuclear power can meet the ever-growing demand for energy. Others note that nuclear-armed countries will pose potential threats to global security.关于核能，人们的观点两极分化。在一个极端，支持者认为核能可满足人们不断增长的能源需求。其他人则认为拥有核武器的国家会给全球安全带来潜在威胁。