对于中国考生而言，在托福写作中，所缺少的并不仅仅是词汇量和句型掌握，而更多的是逻辑思维的运用和展开。那么，相信在以下一些托福写作优秀范例的阅读中就会为大家带来不少的备考灵感。

阅读内容：

Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope,a region that today experiences an extremely cold,arctic climate. One hundred million years ago,when those dinosaurs were alive,the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable,especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs,the elephant-sized Edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus),survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.

现今经历极寒，拥有北极气候的阿拉斯加北坡，发掘出了大量恐龙化石。一亿年以前，当这些恐龙依然存活的时候，北坡环境就已然不宜生物居住了，尤其在冬季，北坡经历着长达数月的黑暗。当时的恐龙是如何在那里的冬季生存下来的?以当时最常见的北坡恐龙——一种大象般大小的埃德蒙顿龙为例，古生物学家做出了如此假设：埃德蒙顿龙依靠迁徙至南部更宜居的区域来度过北坡的冬季。对于以上假说，有如下几点论据。

First,the Edmontosaur diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurus fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter,it appears that the Edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.

首先，埃德蒙顿龙的食谱支持了迁徙说。埃德蒙顿龙仅以植物为食。由于在寒冷而黑暗的冬天，北坡并无植物生长，埃德蒙顿龙势必在一年中的部分时间离开北坡，迁徙至更温暖的区域觅食。

Second,many Edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that Edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals,such as caribou and buffalo,live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that Edmontosaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.

第二，许多埃德蒙顿龙骨架在相同的地点被发掘出了。这显示埃德蒙顿龙属于群居生物。许多现今存在的迁徙动物，比如驯鹿和水牛，也是成群结队迁徙的。成群移动能够帮助动物们在迁徙过程中更加协调一致。埃德蒙顿龙属群居动物这一发现，支持了迁徙说。

Finally,Edmontosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions,the Edmontosaur had to migrate about 1.600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey,the Edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks,which certainly could do. These animals could run very fast,reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winter.

最后，埃德蒙顿龙的生理构造能够支持它们的长途迁徙。为了到达更加宜居的区域，埃德蒙顿龙必须朝南迁移1600公里。为了完成这一旅程，埃德蒙顿龙需要以每小时5公里的速度奔徙数周，当然，这些对于它们而言都不是事儿。埃德蒙顿龙奔跑的速度很快，接近每小时45公里。在严酷的北极冬季里，埃德蒙顿龙可以轻易地凭借其移动能力迁至温暖的气候环境中去。

听力内容：

The hypothesis that the Edmontosaur migrated every winter is not convincing.

First,the Edmontosaur did not have to migrate to find food. One hundredmillion years ago,the summer temperatures in the North Slope area were warmerthan they are today. And remember,in arctic regions like the North Slope,theSun shines 24 hours a day at the peak of the summer. The warm temperatures andextensive daylight created incredibly good growing conditions for plants,somuch vegetation was produced during the summer that when the vegetation died asthe winter came,there was a lot of nutritious dead vegetation around in thewinter. The Edmontosaur could have easily lived on the dead plant matter duringthe winter.

Second,just because Edmontosaurs lived in herds doesn’t mean they migrated.Animals live in herds for many other reasons. Living in herds,for example,provides animals with extra protection from predators. Having extra protectionis useful even for the animals that live in the same area the whole year around.A modern example of this is the Roosevelt elk—a large plant-eater. Rooseveltelks live in the forests of the western United States. They live in herds butthey do not migrate.

Third,although adult Edmontosaurs were capable of migrating long distances,what about Edmontosaurs that were not yet adults? Juvenile Edmontosaurs were notphysically capable of travelling the great distances required to reach warmerterritories and would have slowed the herd so much that the herd never wouldhave made it to its destination. The herd could not have left the juvenilesbehind because the juveniles would not have survived on their own. So the wholeherd had to stay where they were and survive on the cold North Slope.

满分范文分享：

In the reading passage,the writer claim that Edmontosaurus had to migrate to hospitable places in the south,if they want to survive in the cold weather. The speaker,however,contradicts this view for the following three reasons.

First of all,the reading materials points out that it is difficult that Edmontosaurus can find food in cold winter because they were fed on plants exclusively. But the speaker refutes that warm weather in summer supplied perfect condition for plants to grow. So Edmontosaurus might found lots of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter,which made migration unnecessary.

Second,unearthed skeletons from the same site indicated that Edmontosaurus lived in herds. Living in herds made migration much easy. But the lecture gives an example of Roosevelt elks to prove that group living might have various types of reasons. Edmontosaurus may live in herds in order to seek for extra protection. So living in herds could not provide evidence for migration claim.

Lastly,Edmontosaurus,in view of the writer,had the ability of long-distance movement. Although the lecturer admitted the locomotive capability of Edmontosaurus,she points out that juvenile Edmontosaurus were lack of such ability. So the herd would not leave juneniles behind in the North Slope,which strongly refutes the author’s claim.

用到的词汇/词组

migrate随季节而移动，移居

hospitable环境舒适的

exclusively仅仅，唯一地

nutritious有营养地

vegetation植被，植物

live in herd群居

juvenile青少年的

arctic climate北极气候

inhospitable不宜居住的

hypothesis假设

deposit沉积物

unearth发掘

at the peak of在…高峰期

migratory迁徙的

buffalo水牛

caribou北美驯鹿

coordinate使协调，配合

predator捕食者

feed on plant以植物为食

Roosevelt elk罗斯福麋鹿

temperate温和的

leave…behind留下，丢弃

territory领地，地域

be capable of 能够

live on 以…为食

elephant-sized 庞大的

综合写作语法知识讲解：

1.The speaker,however,contradicts this view for the following three reasons.

翻译：听力中的教授，然而，却用如下三个原因对这个观点进行了反驳。

语法：简单句。contradicts，谓语动词，一般现在时。

2.Living in herds made migration much easy.

翻译：群居使迁徙变得非常容易。

语法：简单句。Living in herds，动名词做主语。made，谓语动词，过去时。

3.Animals live in herds for many other reasons.

翻译：动物群居有很多种原因。

语法：简单句。Animals，主语。live，谓语动词，一般现在时。

4. So living in herds could not provide evidence for migration claim.

翻译：所以群居不能为移居假说提供证据。

语法：living in herds，动名词做主语。could not provide，谓语动词。could，情态动词，过去时。

5. Lastly,Edmontosaurus,in view of the writer,had the ability of

long-distance movement.

翻译：最后，埃德蒙顿龙，在作者看来，有远距离移动的能力。

语法：简单句。in view of the writer，插入语。Edmontosaurus，主语。had，谓语动词，过去时。

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