雅思阅读中不可不知的逻辑关系
- 张涛
- 2024-12-22 19:15
- 48
- 手机版
我们在学习雅思的过程中,尤其是阅读,老师会特别强调逻辑关系在理解和做题中的重要作用。今天这篇文章就带着大家熟悉一下阅读填空题的常见逻辑关系以及如何利用这些逻辑关系帮助我们提高做题效率~
1、 顺接和递进
例词:also,furthermore,moreover,what is more,in addition…
考点:And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom…(C6. P28. T31)
解析:And在这句话开头,有一定的递进含义,this wisdom则是指代了前面一句话出现的their wealth of traditional knowledge,所以这两句话有紧密的联系,在读题的时候要通过发现逻辑关系词,然后发散地看它的前后句,最后把考点考察的意思补充完整。
2、对比和转折
例词:however,but,although,nevertheless,on the other hand,bycomparison…
考点:However,we believe that credit mustbeextended in association with other types of support that help participantsdevelop critical life skills as well as productive
businesses.(C4. P66. T13)
解析:题目中出现了conclude的字眼,总结段落一般是在文章的最后,然而带有转折逻辑关系词however这句话,显然就是文章的考点所在。
3、相似
例词:similarly,in other words,that is,put another way…
考点:In other words,we became aware of the obvious fact that there were‘limits to growth.(C4. P97. T32)
解析:In other words是解释,换一种说法,通常会以更加简单易懂,清晰的话语陈述出难点,常常难点是考点出没的地方。
4、时间先后
例词:firstly,second,next,then,now,later,since,eventually,finally
考点:Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awarenessof the severity of the problem. Second,a number ofresources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain…Third,thereisevidence that these materials work,and that schools can achievesomething.(C6. P94. T30)
解析:段落结构很清楚,主要是因为有表达顺序的逻辑关系词First、second、third,让我们认识这段是在讲,侍强凌弱这种现象已经开始改变,主要是从三个方面入手:意识、资源、监督。这种发展让学校有了更多的方法和有效途径解决存在的问题。这里的First、second、third提示我们三个方面,同时也是一个发展的过程。
5、排列次序
例词:another,the second,the most,the best…
考点:Most important of all,the traditional measures of‘risk’,suchas parents’ age and education,or whether they were asingle parent,bore little or no relationship to the measures of achievementandlanguage development.(C5. P63. T12)
解析:most important of all强调了最重要的事情,也就是文中比较重要的结论要出炉了。Single parents是题目中的关键词,同样在这一句里出现了,可以利用对逻辑关系词的敏感度,快速抓住文章的考点,进行局部精读。
6、强调作用
例词:in fact,in essence,in particular,emphasize…
考点:This,in essence,is the problem ofmodernsociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wiredgenetic programming dictates…(C5. P21. T18)
解析:信息包含题考察细节是在那个段落出现,在做此类题目时,要注意信号词与考点的密切相关性,从而迅速找准答案。这里出现了in essence (实质上),起了一定的强调作用,迅速扫读后,发现同时出现了题目关键词sociobiology,破折号后面的介词to是表目的与题目中的the general aim of一致对应。
7、举例子和说明
例词:for example,for instance,that is tosay,i.e.,such as,including…
考点:Other substances were thenintroduced:including fillers,such as woodflour,asbestos orcotton…(C5. P39. T5)
解析:我们看到such as后面是举例子,such as后面的例子可以作为定位词,wood flour,asbestos,cotton就是fillers的其中一种。Fillers在这里就是一个概括性的词语,常常是考点。
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