撰写Critique不仅仅是指出错误，还涉及对一篇学术论文或一本书籍进行系统的分析，然后对其优缺点进行公正合理的描述。通过本文，你应该可以掌握Critique写作的语言策略。

一、给予表扬和批评

一种叫做“hedging”的策略将帮助你用不同的力度表达赞扬或批评。用于模糊限制语的语法结构如下：

1、情态动词

使用情态动词(could，can，may，might等)让你软化一些绝对的说法。比较：

This text is inappropriate for graduate students who are new to the field.

This text may be inappropriate for graduate students who are new to the field.

2、限定形容词和副词

使用限定性形容词和副词(possible，likely，possibly，somewhat等)允许你在评论中引入一定程度的可能性。比较：

Readers will find the theoretical model difficult to understand.

Some readers will find the theoretical model difficult to understand.

Some readers will probably find the theoretical model somewhat difficult to understand completely.

注意：从上一个例子中可以看出，过多的限定词会让这个想法听起来不太好。

3、试探动词

使用试探性动词(seems，indicates，suggests等)也可以让你软化一些绝对的说法。比较：

This omission shows that the authors are not aware of the current literature.

This omission indicates that the authors are not aware of the current literature.

This omission seems to suggest that the authors are not aware of the current literature.

二、提供建议

无论你是在评论一篇已发表还是未发表的文章，你都应该指出问题并提出解决方案。如果你正在评论一篇未发表的文章，作者可以利用你的建议来修改。你的建议有可能变成实际行动。如果你在评论一篇已发表的文章，作者不能修改，所以你的建议纯属假设。这两种情况需要稍微不同的语法。

1、未发表的文章：“would be X if they did Y”

通过指出改进来指出弱点。例如，如果问题是“方法不清楚”，那么你可以写“the methodology would be more clear if ...”，再加上一个建议。如果作者可以使用建议来修改，语法是“X would be better If the authors did Y”(would be+简单过去时建议)。

The tables would be clearer if the authors highlighted the key results.

The discussion would be more persuasive if the authors accounted for the discrepancies in the data.

2、已发表的文章：“would have been X if they had done Y”

如果作者不能根据你的建议进行修改，使用过去不真实条件形式“X would have been better if the authors had done Y”(would have been +过去完成时建议)。

The tables would have been clearer if the authors had highlighted key results.

The discussion would have been more persuasive if the authors had accounted for discrepancies in the data.

由此可见，对于每种类型的Critique，礼貌地陈述你的赞扬、批评和建议是很重要的，但要有适当的力度。上面的语言结构应该可以帮助你完成这个具有挑战性的任务。