Alevel经济学类别课程中有微观经济和宏观经济两个大模块，这是alevel课程体系中非常热门的一门课程，因为它能够衔接金融、会计等热门本科专业。在备考时，很多同学都会为其细碎繁多的知识点而烦恼，并且在alevel经济学考试中需要各位用全英文作答，这也是一大难点。

为帮助大家更好地复习备考，本篇为大家带来的是Alevel宏观经济中重点学习板块——国际收支平衡的内容，后篇将持续为大家分享相关干货内容，一起来看看吧~

The Balance of Payments is a record of a country’s transactions with the rest of the world. It shows the receipts from trade. It consists of the current and financial account.

国际收支平衡表是一个国家与世界其他地区交易的记录。它显示了来自贸易的收入。它由经常账户和金融账户组成。

1. Current account 经常账户

This is a record of all payments for trade in goods and services plus income flow it is divided into four parts.

这是对商品和服务贸易的所有支付的记录，加上收入流，它分为四个部分。

Balance of trade in goods (visibles)

货物贸易平衡（有形的）

Balance of trade in services (invisibles) e.g. tourism, insurance.

服务贸易的平衡（无形的），如旅游、保险

Net income flows. Primary income flows (wages and investment income) 净收入流量。初级收入流（工资和投资收入）

Net current transfers. Secondary income flows (e.g. government transfers to UN, EU)

经常性转移净额。次要收入流量（例如，政府向联合国、欧盟的转移）

2. Financial account 金融账户

This is a record of all transactions for financial investment. It includes

这是对所有金融投资交易的记录。它包括:

Direct investment. This is net investment from abroad. For example, if a UK firm built a factory in Japan it would be a debit item on UK financial account)

直接投资。这是来自国外的净投资。例如，如果一家英国公司在日本建厂，这将是英国金融账户的一个借方项目)

Portfolio investment. These are financial flows, such as the purchase of bonds, gilts or saving in banks. They include

证券投资。这些是资金流动，如购买债券、金边债券或在银行储蓄。它们包括

short-term monetary flows known as “hot money flows” to take advantage of exchange rate changes, e.g. foreign investor saving money in a UK bank to take advantage of better interest rates – will be a credit item on financial account

被称为 "热钱流动 "的短期货币流动，以利用汇率变化，例如，外国投资者在英国银行存钱，以利用更好的利率--将是金融账户上的一个贷方项目。

3. Capital Account 资本账户

This refers to the transfer of funds associated with buying fixed assets such as land

这指的是与购买土地等固定资产有关的资金转移。

4. Balancing Item 平衡项目

In practice when the statistics are compiled there are likely to be errors, therefore, the balancing item allows for these statistical discrepancies.

在实践中，当统计数据被汇编时，很可能会出现错误，因此，平衡项目允许这些统计差异。

(note the Financial Account used to be called the Capital Account, which is potentially quite confusing. Even now some people refer to financial account as the capital account)

(注意金融账户过去被称为资本账户，这有可能相当混乱。甚至现在有些人把金融账户称为资本账户)

【微语】你踏上异国的土地, 追逐梦想的光芒, 每一步都铺满了勇气和希望。