Alevel经济学为各位同学在中学阶段打下经济学知识基础，在的学习过程中，大家一定不要忽视对专业概念的形成理解和相关解释的记忆，它们是考试时做解答大题的基础，也是写essay时离不开的理论根据。

我们留求艺留学为许多同学解答过经济学论文写作的困难，针对这个难处，小编为大家整理了中英对照版本的Alevel经济学模块定义汇总，本篇是国际收支结构的上篇总结，下篇可在本站搜索阅读，一起来看看吧！

The Balance of Payments——The Structure of the Balance of Payments

国际收支平衡——国际收支的结构

The balance of payments measures all flows of money between the UK and the rest of the world. The current account records the movements of all goods and services into and out of the UK. The capital account (also known as the financial account) measures all capital flows carried out by individuals, firms and governments (usually for investment purposes). Before we look at these two sections individually, the diagram below gives you an overall picture of what is going on. Click on the buttons below to see the summaries of the different accounts.

国际收支衡量英国和世界其他国家之间的所有资金流动。经常账户记录了所有货物和服务进出英国的情况。资本账户（也被称为金融账户）衡量个人、公司和政府进行的所有资本流动（通常用于投资目的）。在我们单独研究这两个部分之前，下图为您提供了一个总体情况。点击下面的按钮可以看到不同账户的摘要。

Note that figures have been added for the full year 1999 to give you an idea of how the UK fairs internationally. All figures are in billions of pounds. All positive figures (+) refer to money flowing into the UK as payment for UK exports (on the current account) or simply as investments (in the capital account). All negative figures (-) refer to money flowing out of the UK as payment for imports (on the current account) or simply for investments (on the capital account). Now for the details of the two main sections.

请注意，为了让你了解英国在国际上的表现，已经加入了1999年全年的数字。所有的数字都是以十亿英镑为单位。所有的正数（+）是指流入英国的资金，作为对英国出口的支付（在经常账户上）或仅仅作为投资（在资本账户上）。所有的负数（-）是指流向英国的资金，作为对进口的支付（在经常账户上）或简单的投资（在资本账户上）。现在来看看这两个主要部分的细节。

The current account 活期账户

The current account records the movement of all goods and services into and out of the UK. Some of you may be thinking, "what happened to the visibles and invisibles?" While some examiners might let you get away with using these terms, these old terms have not been used officially for almost five years!

活期账户记录了所有货物和服务进出英国的情况。你们中的一些人可能在想，"可见物和不可见物怎么了？" 虽然有些考官可能会让你免于使用这些术语，但这些旧的术语已经有近五年没有正式使用了!

Trade in goods 货物贸易

The visible section is now called the trade in goods section. Both names are equally easy to remember. This section records all trade in goods, hence the name! Another way of thinking about it is that all goods are visible, hence the old name.

可见部分现在被称为货物贸易部分。这两个名字同样容易记住。这一部分记录了所有的货物贸易，因此而得名! 另一种思考方式是，所有的货物都是可见的，所以叫旧名。

There are hundreds of different items that fall under this category. Oil is one of the biggest, especially given that the UK has been a net exporter of oil for the last 20 years. All manufactured goods are included, like cars, all household appliances, computers and anything else you can think of. Textbooks often refer to 'semi-manufactures'. These are items that have not quite become finished manufactures. Car parts might be an example. All raw materials that are needed for any production process are also included, as are all food items.

有数百种不同的物品属于这个类别。石油是最大的项目之一，特别是考虑到英国在过去20年里一直是石油的净出口国。所有的制成品都包括在内，如汽车、所有家用电器、电脑和其他你能想到的东西。教科书中经常提到 "半成品"。这些是还没有完全成为成品的物品。汽车零部件可能就是一个例子。任何生产过程所需的所有原材料也包括在内，所有食品也包括在内。

If the UK sells a Rover car (made in Britain) to someone in a French car showroom, then this is called an export and appears as an inflow of money (+) in the 'trade in goods' section of the current account. If Renault (the French car company) sell a car to someone in a British car showroom, then this is called an import and appears as an outflow of money (-) in the same section.

如果英国将一辆罗孚汽车（英国制造）卖给了法国汽车展厅的某个人，那么这被称为出口，在经常账户的 "货物贸易 "部分显示为资金流入（+）。如果雷诺（法国汽车公司）向英国汽车展厅的人出售一辆汽车，那么这被称为进口，并在同一部分显示为货币流出（-）。

【微语】留学之际，愿你带着希望与梦想扬帆起航，归来时，熠熠生辉。