1、Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic 不同的段落构成文章，每个段落仅传递一个观点

2、As a rule,begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; en it in conformity with the beginning 规则：每个段落均以主题句开头，并且首尾呼应。

A. the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning; 主题句前置

B. the succeeing sentences explain or establish or evelop the statement mae in the topic sentence; 段落围绕主题句展开，后面的句子对主题句进行展开解释

C. the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence. 末尾句或者对主题句进行强调，或者阐述主题句带来的结果。

3、Use the active voice 主动句永远比被动句直接有力

Eg: There were a great number of ea leaves lying on the groun = Dea leaves covere the groun. ( 清晰生动 )

Eg: The reason that he left college was that his health became impaire. = Failing health compelle him to leave college. ( 简洁有力 )

Eg: It was not long before he was very sorry that he ha sai what he ha. = He soon repente his wors. ( 简洁有力 )

4、Put statements in positive form 以肯定的形式表达否定的意思,避免使用平淡、毫无色彩，犹豫不决和含糊其辞的语言。

Eg ： He was not very often on time. = He usually came late.

Eg: He i not think that stuying Latin was much use. = He thought the stuy of Latin useless.

Eg: The taming of the Shrew is rather weak in spots. Shakespeare oes not portray Katharine as a very amirable character,nor oes Bianca remain long in memory as an important character in Shakespeare’s works. = The women in The Taming of the Shrew are unattractive. Katharine is isagreeable,Bianca insignificant.

5、Omit neeless wors 删除冗词

Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence shoul contain no unnecessary wors,a paragraph no unnecessary sentences,for the same reason that a rawing shoul have no unnecessary lines an a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short,or that he avoi all etail an treat his subjects only in outline,but that every wor tell.

有力的写作一定简洁

Owing to the fact that =Since(because)

In spite of the fact that =Though(although)

Call your attention to the fact that =Reminyou (notify you)

The fact that he ha not succeee =Hisfailure

6、Avoi a succession of loose sentences 别写流水账，找找语言的逻辑关系，通过 who,which,when,where,an while 这些词把句子串起来

7、Express co-orinate ieas in similar form

Parallel structure 平行结构讲究对称美：内容对等，结构一致。

Eg: Formerly,science was taught by the textbook metho,while now the laboratory metho is employe.

Parallel structure: Formerly,science was taught by the textbook metho; now it is taught by the laboratory metho.

8、Keep relate wors together 词的位置决定词的关系，所以遵循‘物以类聚’，意思关联紧密的词放在一块。

A: 主谓之间不分割，补充信息需前置

Eg: Worsworth,in the fifth book of The Excursion,gives a minute escription of this church. Eg: In the fifth book of the Excursion,Worsworth gives a minute escription of this church. ( 状语前置，主谓毗邻 )

B ：关系代词紧随先行词出现

Eg: There was a look in his eye that boe mischief. Eg: In his eye was a look that boe mischief. ( 名词 look 先行，关系词 that 紧随 )

9、In summaries,keep to one tense 总结通常使用现在时态，如果使用过去时，请保持时态一致。

10、Place the emphatic wors of a sentence at the en 欲擒故纵的圆周句（ perioic sentence ）中，强调信息后置。

Eg: Four centuries ago,Christopher Columbus,one of the Italian mariners whom the ecline of their own republics ha put at the service of the worl an of aventure,seeking for Spain a westwar passage to the Inies as setoff against the achievements of Portuguese iscoverers,lighte on America.

Eg: With these hopes an in this belief I woul urge you,laying asie all hinrance,thrusting away all private aims,to evote yourselves unswervingly an unflinchingly to the vigorous an successful prosecution of this war.

【微语】在远方的天空下,他/她用笔尖书写着未来,愿每一个夜晚都有星光陪伴,让梦想不再孤单。