Alevel经济学价格体系词汇总结

Individual supply curve个人供给曲线

The supply curve of an individual producer.单个生产者供给某种产品的数量与其价格之间的关系。

Market supply curve市场供给曲线

The supply curve of all producers within the market. In a perfectly competitive market it can be calculated by summing the supply curves of individual producers.市场上全体生产者愿意生产某种产品的数量与其价格之间的关系。

producer surplus生产者剩余

The difference between the market price which firms receive and the price at which they are prepared to supply.生产者剩余等于厂商生产一种产品的总利润加上补偿给要素所有者超出和低于他们所要求的最小收益的数量。从几何的角度看，它等于价格曲线之下、供给曲线之上的区域。

Supply供给

The quantity of goods that suppliers are willing to sell at any given price over a period of time.在一定时期内生产者在任何价格水平上愿意出售的货物的数量。

Equilibrium price均衡价格

The price at which there is no tendency to change because planned (or desired or ex ante) purchases (i.e. demand) are equal to planned sales (i.e. supply).

商品的供给曲线与需求曲线相交时的价格。

Excess demand过度需求

Where demand is greater than supply.

某种物品或者服务的市场需求超过了企业所能提供或者愿意提供的水平的一种需求